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Spatial–Temporal Oxygenation Mapping Using a Near-Infrared Optical Scanner: Towards Peripheral Vascular Imaging

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Abstract

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)—based peripheral perfusion, or microcirculation, can be used to assess the severity of peripheral vascular dysfunction. A low-cost, portable non-contact near-infrared optical scanner (NIROS) was developed for spatio-temporal mapping of tissue oxygenation and perfusion in tissues. In vivo validation studies were carried out on control subjects (n = 3) to assess the ability of NIROS to measure real-time oxygenation changes in response to an occlusion paradigm on the dorsum of the hand. NIROS captured real-time tissue oxygenation changes with 95% correlation when compared to a commercial device. A feasibility peripheral imaging study was performed in a mouse model (n = 5) of chronic kidney disease (CKD) induced vascular calcification to assess differences in microcirculatory peripheral tissue oxygenation. The tissue oxygenation (in terms of oxy-, deoxy-, and total hemoglobin changes) due to the occlusion paradigm was distinctly different prior to (week-6) and after the onset of vascular calcification (week-12) in the murine tails. Future work will involve extensive studies to correlate these microcirculatory tissue oxygenation changes in the peripheral tail to the vascular calcification in the heart.

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Adapted from Irwin (1995). B The zoomed in trendlines within the first few seconds of occlusion onset, to demonstrate the immediate increase in HbT

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Abbreviations

∆[HbO]:

Effective oxyhemoglobin concentration

∆[HbR]:

Effective deoxyhemoglobin concentration

∆[HbT]:

Effective total hemoglobin concentration

∆[StO2]:

Effective oxygen saturation

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

GUI:

Graphical user interface

HSI:

Hyperspectral imaging

LDPM:

Laser doppler perfusion monitoring

LSCI:

Laser speckle contrast imaging

MBLL:

Modified Beer-Lambert Law

NIR:

Near infrared

NIRS:

Near-infrared spectroscopy

NIROS:

Near infrared optical scanner

PAD:

Peripheral arterial disease

PCC:

Pearson’s correlation coefficient

ROI:

Region of interest

SEM:

Standard error of measurement

TcPO2 :

Transcutaneous oxygenation measurements

VOT:

Vascular occlusion test

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Acknowledgements

Funding support by NIDDK’s DiaComp Pilot Grant (5U24DK115255-02) and K.L. was supported by an F31 fellowship (F31DK125153). The murine studies were funded by grants to J.D.H. from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1R01HL160740) and seed funding from the NSF Engineering Research Center, Precise Advanced Technologies and Health Systems for Underserved Populations (PATHS-UP)—Award no. 1648451. V.D. was supported by an F31 fellowship (F31HL154671).

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Author notes

  1. Kevin Leiva and Daniela Leizaola have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, 10555 West Flagler Street, EC 2675, Miami, FL, 33174, USA

    Kevin Leiva, Daniela Leizaola, Isabella Gonzalez, Haniyeh Alirezaei, Kacie Kaile, Edwin Robledo & Anuradha Godavarty

  2. Cardiovascular Matrix Remodeling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA

    Valentina Dargam & Joshua Hutcheson

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Leiva, K., Leizaola, D., Gonzalez, I. et al. Spatial–Temporal Oxygenation Mapping Using a Near-Infrared Optical Scanner: Towards Peripheral Vascular Imaging. Ann Biomed Eng 51, 2035–2047 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-023-03229-7

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