Examining Coexistence between Splachnaceae Mosses with Individual-Based Modelling
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99th ESA annual meeting talk about my masters work with Splachnaceae mosses coexisting in peatlands in Newfoundland, Canada. Individual-based modelling was used to look at key factors influencing coexistence
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Examining Coexistence between Splachnaceae Mosses with Individual-Based Modelling
- 1. Studying Coexistence Between Mosses With Individual Based Modelling Presented by Chris Hammill For The ESA Annual Meeting 2014
- 2. Road Map ● Where I Work ● My Study Organisms ● About the Model - Space - Agents - Interactions ● Analysis ● Results ● Take Home Messages
- 6. Splachnaceae ➢ Globally Distributed ➢ 50% are Coproentomophilous ➢ Coprophily: Habitat specialists for dung or carrion ➢ Entomophily (Myophily): A specialized dispersal strategy using flies as spore dispersal vectors
- 7. Meet the Mosses Splachnum pensylvanicumSplachnum ampullaceum
- 8. Splachnum Mosses In Newfoundland Peatlands ➢ Two Species: Splachnum ampullaceum and S. pensylvanicum ➢ Found on moose dung ➢ Grow in pure and mixed populations ➢ Share many fly vectors ➢ Differ in attraction cues ➢ Seem to inhabit the same niche
- 9. ➢ Two Species: Splachnum ampullaceum and S. pensylvanicum ➢ Found on moose dung ➢ Grow in pure and mixed populations ➢ Share many fly vectors ➢ Differ in attraction cues ➢ Seem to inhabit the same niche Splachnum Mosses In Newfoundland Peatlands So: How do they coexist?
- 10. The Model ● Spatial Considerations ● Individuals ● Interactions
- 11. Space and Substrate ● Circular Peatland ● New substrate deposited on random days ● New substrate deposited at random locations
- 12. Arena
- 13. The Model ● Spatial Considerations ● Individuals ● Interactions
- 14. My Model
- 18. My Model
- 19. My Model
- 20. My Model
- 21. My Model
- 22. My Model
- 23. My Model
- 24. The Model ● Spatial Considerations ● Individuals ● Interactions
- 25. Competition
- 26. Competition ➢ Each new year, former dung piles become immature moss populations ➢ Starting conditions for competition are determined by spore allotment from dispersal ➢ Moss protonemata compete for space according to Discrete Lotka-Volterra dynamics
- 28. Dispersal
- 29. Spore Transfer Governing Factors Distance Yield and composition of mature moss Attractiveness of the dung Phenology (1) (2)
- 30. D
- 31. ∑D
- 32. • Transfer is proportional to moss attractiveness • Transfer only effective when dung is more attractive than moss • Transfer is proportional to the attractiveness difference between moss and dung Influence of Attractiveness
- 33. Model Phenologies Uniform and harmonic functions used to describe percent areal coverage producing sporophyes
- 34. Model Construction ● Model Written in Java ● Simulations run for 1000 year ● Year end peatland snap-shots ● 3 – 30 Mb per simulation ● Post processing and summarization done in R
- 35. Big Question Which parameters are most important in permitting coexistence?
- 36. Varied Parameters ● Dung deposition rate (Substrate; 10x) ● Geometric growth rate (Competition; 10x) ● Attractiveness (Magnitude Dispersal; 10x) ● Phenology (Timing Dispersal; 5x) 5000 Total Combinations
- 37. Analysis ● Ran simulations at predetermined parameter combinations ● Summarized each simulation ● Determined the average ratio of The two species ● Create a Random Forest of Regression Trees. ● Examine Variable Importance Measures
- 38. Random Forest Results Parameter Importance Phenology 0.1626 Growth Rate 0.0927 Dung Deposition 0.0818 Attractiveness 0.0737 * R2 = .947
- 39. Question Two What Role Does Dispersal Play in Coexistence?
- 40. Question Two What Role Does Dispersal Play in Coexistence? ● What Role Does Attraction Play ● What Role Does Phenology Play
- 44. Influence of Phenology Two competitors with identical phenology TimeCoexisted(years)
- 45. Influence of Phenology Continued Two competitors with opposite phenologies TimeCoexisted(years)
- 46. Take Home Messages ● Staggered phenologies are sufficient to offset huge competitive differences ● Achieving near optimal attractiveness is important for reducing odds of extinction
- 47. Acknowledgements Drs. Paul Marino, Suzanne Dufour, Amy Hurford, Shawn Leroux, Lourdes Pena-Castillo, and Tom Chapman Andrew Chaulk, Greg Dickson, Jenna Paul, Olga Trela And ESA for giving me this opportunity to share my work
- 48. Contact Chris Hammill cfhammill@gmail.com Paul Marino pmarino@mun.ca Slides: datamancy.blogspot.ca
- 49. Contact Chris Hammill cfhammill@gmail.com Paul Marino pmarino@mun.ca Slides: datamancy.blogspot.ca Any Questions?