Ao ber et Chapter 7 (a) s009—s0n98 “he plot mat nouns fs termes yaa als (©) toxbowes Final 0 aed roure at ‘nish chm a anda (©) baby babies “The pra of words that nina consonant p's pated ea” (@ mann ox—oven twat toss “Tho noun) hav opr A Exercise 1. What do | already know? (Chart 7-1) {forer=women tortor mouse mice pial toe at do ot nt hs Write the plural forms of the given nouns. hidmhiaren Groce geose foesemice 1, one child, «wo chilean 8. one woman, two {e) exo—ecnoes potaio—potatoes ‘Some nouns that endin -o add fe—orooe fomatoiomstoos “eavoiorn he pal 2. one branch, two | —______ 9. one echo, wo a ae a, (0 eto—sutoe poto—photos —sio—stuoe | Some nau hated in-o add Bo > ——__—— _ Bison) shoto—ghotios Biano—pianos {atoo— tatoos. ‘only =o form the plural. fingaes “iongoroos fad—rnloe wideovioo= 4. onecnemy,two 11, one zero evo — ae lean ee ree soe: Wann dou use your mmea—ineros pra “copranos ‘etonary or Speke 5. onevalley,tva 12, ne eri, vo {@ remeno—menenioes/nemenios _waano—volcnocs/vocanos | Sane noune hal endl oad 6. oneshelfytwo ____ 13, one curriculum, wo Imonguto—mosqutasimosgutos Yaorsoresizoroe Storer ro frm npul tornado tornadoosiorados thas beng the moe 7. onebeliefwo 4. one offspring, wo fioartrn “st 4 Exercise 2. Warm-up. (Chort 7-1) (h) calt—calves: He—iives: thiet—thieves ‘Some nouns that end in -for -fe Complete the sentences with the plural forms ofthe given nouns es Sea eee | ree ee Last night Lae aloof —. Did you se any atthe 2002 leat—ionves alrshetves 1, tomato __tomatiaes 7. kangaroo (0) bet bets “cite ‘Some nouns that nd fay Chieti tools oo pir 2. potato 8. goose (i) e08 dase dour estes soles Some nouns have he same Bf 9. donkey Se tanto rs fre shesp—i shop pra ore 9. | sremeane wo means re shinp—nvo stuinete® ‘oe cers 4. sandwich | 10, deer |_ ene taping orig respecte spocos “io dor ro 5 came Me wolf | (eter criteria (m)_anaae—onapss ‘Some nouns hat Englah has ‘renomencr phenomena Taav—onsre braved tom aber anguages 6. vegeble 12, sheep tosses row frig pre (0 pac —bactora Ipomaie—ypoteses morula Paornessporonosse ‘tumcots Irene tnesee “Forinformadon abot hs ponuncnson ad pling wf works odagin ven sce Cha 1p ris a possible but rly Wed. ‘Especially in Beis gl, ba a occas in Amin Enh the pra of vip can be vs 100 / Nouns 101Exercise 3. Game. (Chart 7-1) Divide into teams of three to five members. The leader has paper and a pen. Use Chart 7-1 to list plural nouns thet fit the given categories, ‘The team that comes up with the most words within the given time limit wins. Be ready to explain a choice if another team questions it. Your teacher will decide if the word belongs fon the list. Example: things that cause people physical problems ‘Tea A Leaber writes: mosquitoes, ce, tomadaes, autos, ete Team B: How do autos cause physical problems? ‘Team A: ‘They hit peopl. ‘Tracer: Well accept aur on the lis. Make a lis of 1. things that you find in nature 2, things that you see every day 3. things in life that can be dangerous 44 things that you can hear Exercise 4. Looking at spelling. (Chart 7-1) ‘Write the plural form of each word inthe correct column, Some Forms have two possible spellings oeliet deer leaf photo tomato box fish life potato video chief hero loaf scart wolf class kkilo ‘match sheep 200 cloud Asie memo shelf “2 a noe ‘no change Delets heroes kes door 102 charter 7 Exercise 5. Looking at grammar, (Chor! 7 Write the correct forms of the given nouns. Use each noun only one time. attorney discovery Yomatch piano beach Iaboratory ‘medium phenomenon box ‘man ox “tooth lift 1, ‘The baby has been crying and not sleeping well at night becouse she is geting her fist teeth 2, Tmeed some —__matcics __ to light the fire. 3. Studies are showing that process information differently from 4. Maria needed some legal advice for her businesses, so she contacted two 5. New scientitie are made every day in throughout the world. 6. The farmer loaded his cart with His cart was pulled by two of fresh vegetables to take to market, 7. ‘The north side ofthe island has no for people to walk on. There are an climb these steep walls of rock, only steep —___. Noone 8, ‘The music building at the university has 27, ‘Students need to sign up for practice times. for students to play on. 9, ‘Thunder and lightning are of nature, 10, People get most oftheir news about the world through the mass that is, through radio, television, the internet, newspapers, and magazines Nouns 1031 Exercise 6. Looking at grammar. (Chort 7-) [Change the nouns to plu ss necessary. Do not change any other words. Bacteria (1) Bacterium are the smallest living thing. They are simple organism that consist of cone cel (2) Bacterium exist almost everywhere. They are in the air, water, and sol* as well as in the body ofall living creature. (3) There are thousand of kind of bacterium. Most of them ate harmless to human being, ‘but some cause diseases such as tuberculosis and pneumonia (A) Virus are also microscopic organism, but virus live inthe cell of other living thing. By ‘themselves, they ar lifeless particle that cannot reproduce, but inside 2 ing cell they become active and can multiply hundred of time. (©) Virus cause many disease, They infect human being with such illness as influenza the ‘common cold, measles, and AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome). (©) Virus are tiny. The virus that causes AIDS is 230 million** times smaller than the period atthe end of this sentence. Some vial infection are difficult or impossible to teeat Exercise 7. Warm-up. (Chott 7-2) Decide ifthe words in blue refer to one person or more than one person. Ifthe meaning is ‘one, write 1, Ifthe meaning is more than one, write 2 1. hisssters opinions —_ 4A. my sons’ school 2. his sister's opinions — 5. the men’s hats 3.-my son's school — 6, the man’s hats “ser and wired ws noncout noun nd ha have ne Paral rm. Se Chet 7 farinrmaton saat encoun ‘hen he word md has ln and ili are ed wth mer hey emai in er sng form: Se Indred ese il te te compo pith eat Th arte thousand eto tke pasete, ‘When hey ae uel who ume t nent nf but ge umber of sme arn inte pla forms Hundreds ofp cre the cower The athena tga the er ee or. Mone of pple i 104 cHarter 7 UA Ie Na Singular Noun Possessive Form Toston poseesen ax an apostrophe ()ad-o 8 Singur oun The lt book one ble (e) weg tnegirs 8 tee fen 1a sar ou end, tere re wo posse me: {6 mpte ries " mre 1: Risen apoopre a: Toma's tok {3 Treas Tom's Tomes 2 Rosen enapeerophe Thome bok Plural Noun. w @ o wo a « 0 Possessive Form ‘kaa only an apcetropne oa plural noun tat ends in ‘The gts"booksae.on ho abl. the gis the gin trees thar ives ‘Aan apostrophe ans plural nouns Pat o nt end the ladon the facies Iss! The men's books ar on ho lala. ‘he man the men's rycen ny chilon'e ‘Alon ana Use. aparimentis on the hor. | When 90 (or more) names ar connected by and only thetinal name shows possession. Exercise 8. Looking at grammar. (Chart Complete the sentences. Use the possessive form of the nouns in parentheses, 1, tx. Smith) Mes. Smith's husband often gives her lowers. 2. The (boy) 3. The (boys) 4. The (children) hat is red, Ihats are ed. toys are all over the floor. 5. T fixed the (child) bicycle 6. (Salh) Jast name is White 7. Bess) last name is Young. 8. There are many problems in (today) _________ world. 9. Ie would cost me a (nonth) salary o buy that reftigerator. 10, We went to (lack and Larry) house for dinner. Exercise 9. Looking at grammar. (Chast 7-2) Correct the errors. Use the possessive nouns by adding apostrophes and final - necessary, friend! 1. Tenjoy visiting friend houses. friend's 2, When T as in Chicago, I stayed ata friend: house. 3. My uncle is my father brother.4. Thave four aunts. All of my aunt homes are within walking distance of my mother apartment. ea 5. Esteban's aunt oldest son is violinist. ‘The so has vgotabies ini, ‘When a nouns used as an adotve isin its sing frm. * fa) Nie vegetable son. cr: vegtaie-© 90 6. Bill wife isa factory worker ; “eee “Te bul nas olees nt 7. walked into my boss office. @) Nisan offen titi, ‘The tos astod two hous ‘Winona noun usedas a meso combined wi a number 8. T borrowed the secretary pen to fil out the application form, (Nias a tornour se ‘xgresion. the noun is singe anda hyphen (1a ure, 9, Five astronauts were aboard the space shutle, The astronaut safe return to earth was a Her sno yeas. Icomecr: She has fine yar oi sn. (8) Shohas a five-year-old son welcome sight to millions of television viewers. ——______] “Rajciis never ake Balsa (NCORNEST Bowl ype, See Append bt 10. vis the people right to know whar the city is going to do about the housing problem. 1, Quite a few diplomats are assigned to our city, Almost all ofthe diplomat children attend a Exercise 12. Looking at grammar. (Chart 7-3) Complete the sentences with the words in italics, Use the singular or plural form as special school appropriate. Include hyphens (-) as necessary. 12. A diplomat work invariably involves numerous meetings 1, shoe ‘They sell shoes at chat store. It isa shoe store . 2, flower ‘My garden hax —_____ init. Itisa Exercise 10. Looking at grammar. (Chart 7-2) Correct the errors in the use of possessive nouns by adding apostrophes as necessary: ae 1. ‘Texas is a leading producer of petroleum and natural gas. Ic is one of the worlds largest 3. bean ‘This soup is made from black ____. Iis black, storage areas for petroleum. sp. 2. Peychologiss have developed many different kinds of tests. A “personality test” is used £0 4. baby People can buy special food in small jars for evaluate an individuals personal characteristics, such a friendliness or trustworthiness. teeta at 3, Many mythological stories ell of heroes encounters with giants or dangerous animals. In fone story, the heros encounter with a dragon saves a village from destruction. saome oe alee Screed es a payeloaier foe 4A. Childeens play is an important paetof their lives. Te teaches them about their environment ene a ee ‘while they are having fun, For instance, they can learn that boats float and ean practice 6. salad ‘Ata formal dinner, there are usually two forks on the table. ‘The smaller ‘ways to make boats move across water. ‘Toys are not limited to children. Adults have their forks for Itiva fork own toys, such as pleasure boats, and children have thers, such as miniature boats. Adults ny nl Sn tea ae 17. mosquito Tn tropical climates, sometimes itis necessary to aa hhang 2 net over abed 10 2 Exercise 11, Warm-up. (Chott 73) protect the sleeper from Which nouns in thelist commonly follow the nouns computer and airplane? Tis called a error passenger pilot sereen stalls ticket 1. computer 2. igplane ‘computer airplane computer airplane 106 cHAPtER 7 Nouns 1078. te00 + hour ‘The plane was late. We had wa, We had to wait for 9. ten + year+ old Mybrotherig have brother 10, three + leer Arm and dog are words, Each word has C1 Exercise 13. Game. (Chat 7-3) ‘Work in teams, Think of common expressions in which the given nouns are used to moeify other nouns. The team that comes up with the most expressions in the given time wins, Example: flower» « ler vase, a flower garden, a flower shop et. 1. cotton 5. telephone 9. moming 13. kitchen 2. grammer «6, mountain 10, street 14, baby 3. birthday’ 7. government 11, newspaper. 15, vegetable 4. chicken 8, football 12, hotel 16, bieycle “Exercise 14. Listening. (Chori 7-2) Z) Linen to the sentences, Choose the words you hear, 22, Examples: You will hear; Ted is a professor at two well-known colleges. ‘You will choose: (professor) professors college colleges) ‘You will hear se professor, You will choose: (college) professors tenis driver driver rivers taxi exis offices ‘manager managers manager managers. office offices irplane airplanes seat seats plane airplanes seat seats school schools activity activities school schools activity activities 2 Exercise 15. Warm-up. (Chart 7-4) ‘Choose all the correct completions. 41, Tgot one a. Teter . postcard ©. package mail 2. My room has one . a. chair ». furniture . table bed 108 Harter? Lee eN aN (@) | Bought chai Sam bough three chairs, | Chari called a “count noun” Tis means you can count ‘hate: ona ena to ora, fe. (6) We bought some furniture, Isconmec: We bought some urnitre Furniture eae a nonco.t noun In grammar, you cannat ‘scone: We bought furitre uso nambors (one, t,o) wih ho word future Singular Plural Count wos | Acountnoun: ‘Noun someciais |” (1) maybe preceded by a'an or onein te sing. aot ofcrois |) takes a finals me pal. Somarse Noncount ‘ noncourt nun Noun (1) isnot mediately preceded by alan or one (2) has ne plural form, co doos nota a inal ss. [0 pmhng no aie or ote tei), Exercise 16. Looking at grammar. (Chort 7-4) Look at the ialcized nouns. Write “C above the count nouns and “NC” above the noncount coc c Ne 1, Tough some chairs, ables, and desks. In other words, I bought some furnitn. 2, Michiko likes to wear ely. Today she is wearing four rings six Brass, and nace. 3, We saw beautiful monneains fl and lakes on our trp. We saw beaut senery. 4. Gold and iron ane metal 5. Tused an iron to press my wrinkled shirt 6. ‘They havea rusty car without an engine, broken frit, and an old refrigerator in their front yard. Their yard is fll of jk Nouns 109(@) | bought some cai, abies and docks. moter | Many nonccunt noun ror to awh that is made up eves, bough come furtre ore pais Ina: furture ropresont a whole group of things that Isrmade op of star bu separate ems In (ugar and eotee represent utile masses made pol indvaual paces o lent” (©) tputsome susariamy coon (©) twish you luck. Many noncourt nouns ae abstractions In (ek: tucks an abstract concep, an abeact “whole” as no physical fo, you cant toch you cant (@) Sunshine swarm and eer, | phenomenon of nature, such s sunshine, frequently used as anoncount non, a8 (3 (6) nocount> Ann has bow hie ‘can Temas a hiron his act. ‘Many noun canbe use a ether noncoun or count ‘oune, ule meaning eee, eg, heli) and (1) encour: | opened the cursins ttn some i. | (ten especialy re ‘ert eget tr a the Boe you goobea er of English a3 8 second language area good source of ifrmation on Eounoncount wge of oun) Iv epee a yoraar qn sre woncount hous may fe peeied Wy wit exresions apolar a of oar upfront faba ofr pnd of meta ofa of pea ne of. PA Ee Ree oe N Clee “Th ats @ sample of nouns that ar commenly used as noncount nouns. Mary ether nouns can also be used as| (@) cus orours aoe uP oF su meus: baggage, coating, equpmet, fod, ut umitwo, garbape, hardware, Jewel uk ggage, machinery, mal, makeup, meneycaanichange, postage scanary, sl va ee. (©) rs: wate coe, ta, ik ol, soup, gaz, blood {@) souns ce, bread, butler chasse, meat, gl, fon lve, lass, paper, wood, colton, wool te (G) ses: steam, ar, oxygen, avogon, smoke, sg, pollutant (@) esoncics lo, cal om, a, dst, fleur, rss, hal Poppa, sal, Sand, sugar, wheat, ete (1) pesrracnons:| beauty, confidence, courage, esucaton, enjoyment, fn, happiness, heath, help, honesty hosp, Imparance,istgencepsice, srowfedge, aughtr, tick ruse, panes, peace, pio, egress ereaton, ‘Sptleanc, sleep tr, vlence, wealth ec aces, mation, naw, evdenes, prod, ime, space, enery, Shemonerk, werk, granny, lng, vocabulary, ee, (@) usouces" Are Chinoee, Enc, Spanish, ee. {feos or sor, chemistry, nginerng, sory, Horlure, mathematic, poychology oe (0) ccnemon: basobal soto, omnis, ches, bro, poker, ee (i) sewn ering, tying, svg, avn, walling nd oer gorunds) (0 yaruRa prononeue weather, don fog, Pal ‘ge, sunahie, elect, re, gay, te 31, iy, garing, an, loo, snow, thunder, win, caress, 110 charter 7 a Exercise 17. Looking at grammar. (Charts 7-8. 7-8. and 7-6) Add final -s/-es to the nouns in italics if necessary. Do not add or change any other words Isabel always has fresh egg, available because she raises chicken, in her yard, 2. Thad chickow and rice for dinner lastnight, (no changs) 3. Outside my window I can see alot of rex, bush grass dirt, and flower. 4. Abdullah gave me some good advice. Nadia also gave me some good suggestion. 5. Yoko learned several new cwond today. She increased her vocabulary today. 6. Tdrank two glass of tote. 7. Window are made of las. 8. Mr. Chu wears glass because he has poor eyesight 9. Tetook me a Jot of some to finish my homework. Thad a lot of assignment. 10, Thave been in Mexico theee time. Dve spent a lor of time there. 11, The airis full of smoke, du, carbon monoside, and many other harmful subuance, We must uy to reduce air pollution 12, keto read good feratue. Tespecialy ike to read novel, poetry, and estay. My favorite ‘poet are Longfellow and Wordsworth. I have always liked their poem. 13. Tike to experience diferent season, Ike both hot and cold sweater. 14, Being a patent has brought me alot of happiness. Parenting requires alot of patience, but it provides many reward 15, ‘There are more sarin the universe than there ae grain of sand on all the beaches on earth 16, The true sign ofinallgence is not knowledge but imagination.* Exercise 18, Game. (Chor! 7-0) ‘Work in teams. The leader has paper and a pen, ‘The teacher will say a noncount noun. ‘Working together, make alist of things that belong to this category until the teacher says “Stop.” The team with the most nouns ina ist isthe winner ofthat list. Example: ‘Teactier (book open: mail LLeaper writes book closed): mall ‘TEAM t0 LEADER (book closed): letters, postcards, packages, ete 1. fruit 4. garbage 2, jewelry 5. traffic 3, clothing 6. oflice equipment “Tis got om Alber Bic Nob re winner pics Nouns 117a Exercise 19. Looking at grammar. (Charts 7-5 and 7-6) ‘Complete the sentences with the given nouns. Add final -si-es if necessary. Use each noun only one time. In one sentence, you will need to choose the correct word in parentheses, advice efinition music symphony Yehange ‘equipment problem wraffic Yeoin hhomessork. Progress ruck computer information Bier vocabulary 1, Yes, have some money. Thave a few — coins __in my pocket. In other words, Thave some change _ in my pocket. 2. ‘The Mississippi, the Amazon, and the Nile are well-known 3. like to fsten to operas, and folk songs. Tenjoy and listen to it often on my iPod. 4. "The streets fll of ears, and buses. In other words, itis full of 5. ‘There are _ copiers, telephones, and staplers ina sypieal ‘business office. A business office needs alot of 6. ‘Tonight Ihave to read 20 pages in my history book, do 30 algebra and write a composition. In other words, Ihave alot of 10 do tonight, 7. Antonio is studying the meaning of English words. He learned some new today. For example, he learned thatthe word fly has at least v0 8, Toronto is 365 feet/109 meters above sea level. ‘The average annual precipitation in “Toronto is 32 inches/81 centimeters. The population of the metropolitan area is over 3,000,000. I founel (this / these) —__ fon the internet. 9. I didn’t feet good. Ann said, “You should see a doctor.” Nick said, “You should go home and go to bed.” Martha said, “You should drink fruit juice and rest.” I got from three people. 10. My English is slowly getting better. My vocabulary is increasing. It's getting easier for me to.write, and I make fewer mistakes, I can often understand people even when they tall fast, I'm satisfied with the [Tye made in learning English. 112 cHarTER 7 Q Exercise 20. Warm-up. (Chart 7 Read the dialogues, Notice the words in blue, and notice whether or not the speaker and the listener are thinking of the same specific eats. Then answer the questions. Dialogue 1 Sans ‘Tot Sally will ake care of he cat while we're away. Awa: Good. Dialogue 3 rie Toe Ton: Our new neighbor has 0 cat. es very friendly. ‘Axwa: Oh? What does it look ike? 3 ‘Tone: cot has an independent nature Awa: That's true, But cots can lso ‘express a lot of affection when they want to. s In dialogue 1, why do you think Tom uses the? 2. In dlogue 2 Tom inking of par xt, Dut he we (ot he when hei thking to Ann Wy? 3, Indo Tom and Ana donot se dhe, Arte wing about psi casa thy aling sot ony an acu genera Nouns 113ec Using d or @: Generic Nouns Exercise 21. Looking at grammar. (Chos! 7-7 Add a/an if necessary. Write O ifthe noun is noncount. Capitalize as necessary 1 Singular] (@) Abonosle none ‘A posta utes goer ours ome gnerlzaon. A gnerio 1 Coun ‘oun opesensa tne cas angie ol spect em An Noun newt tang. butter byt os le ou 5 In () a (Tho spetars ting about ay bara, “7 Phurat—_| (8) 0 Bonanasare yoo Put | 0) "e ‘eran, Danas goer 4 Noun In(@ The spate tang bout ary nal ut. tin ‘era 5 Neneount | (© ie gat rou Nose tha o ate (0) sod tomate gnertaatons wth 6 a ral oun none 8), nit onc ous, 2 (0) — 1, Using 4 or Some: Indefinite Nouns is Singular | (a) tatoo boron Inde nouns ae actual tings (ot yb), but oy aor — Coin Sposa one. F Noun In (6 Te spear 0 fering this banana oat Fea Hla {anaa’ "he banana you gare me? Te spear oly 10. coat Sajng tat hae alo one banana. Tho steer does ot new o ‘ood kw ic pete banana te eso 'ns sin ore un Noun ‘Banana out at bananas. Noncount | (1) tate some ut In(e and): Somes ten used wt inte pial count a Noun ‘ours and indeints nonesut nouns. In son fo some, 8 ‘eater might vse a fy, sever tof ey ih pl Bb ant none or» eat oh orecun ours {See Cran 7) Mo U1, Using The: Definite Nouns 15. Singular | (@) Tank youth borane. | Anounis dfn when Both he speaker andthe tne ara 16. Counc thing about ne sane apes Pang Noun In(g Te speaer ues the becuse he tener now which TT Phral | i) Thankyou ine ananos | se banana the peta tig about at parr A Pt enane esc eine gave he speaker, — Noun Nate athe used i both singular and ha count nuns vs She wit orc aun Noncoune | @) Thankyou the rut Non 20 ai. “Gayton hanes gai gc ct ntn. Esplin A wide Bead fan Ada ah i pe Poh ‘tebe a ci. tr hr apc nono oe a Tionoer tenet te i gu pect a3 le NDAD ENE NE _ ou “Geer the con wets paren a” 0) pec female Ti tur hte a mnt eh The leptin na — {2 lanionsWhotnemal th phone? thew! he frgeatrs te stone? he compteril pay o1 on Ita Le i al of oe (9) isteuments he are ply the plano. Dy lay the eta? 114 chapter? bird as wings. pimal needs a regular supply of food, food isa necessity of ie teonis ea spore. tennis player has to practice long hours. island isa piece of land surrounded by water sold isa meta. bridge is a structure that spans river. Inalth is one of the most important things i ie adjective word that modifies & noun, Arce noeds water to survive. water is composed of oxygen and hydrogen, knowledge isa source of power homework sa necessary part of a course of stu. grammar is interesting and fu, sentence usually contains a subject anda verb “English is used in airports throughout much of the world aris free, {ruc is good for you ‘orange i green unit spens. icon ia metal icon isan appliance used to take wrinkles ou of cloth besketball round. ‘basketball i «sport. Nouns 1154 Exercise 22. Looking at grammar. ( ‘Complete the sentences with a, ax, or some. 1. The tacher made __an__ announcement. 2, Tsaw a bie. 3. Tsaw same birds 4, Rose borrowed __sorie__ money fom her uncle, 5. Thad accident. 6. have _____ homework to do tonight. 1. ‘There is table inthe room. 8. ‘There is _ furniture in the room. 9. "There are srs in the room, 10. My father gaveme advice. 11, Sonya is carrying —____ bar. 12, Sonya is pulling ___ luggage. 13. ‘There was carthquake in California, 14, got letters in the mai 15, Helen got letcefrom her mother. 16, Me. Alvarez got ___ mail yesterday. 17. Accomputcris __ machine that ean solve problems. 18, ‘The factory bought —_____ new machinery. 19. ‘machines are powered by electricity, Some use other sources of energy 20, threw away junk. 21, throw away old ase that was fling apart. 22, threw avay old boots that had holes in them. 116 Harter a Exercise 23. Listening. (ch 7 A and an can be hard to hear. Listen to each sentence and choose the word you hear. If you @ donot hear a or an, circle 0. Example: You will ear: That's an excellent idea. You will choose: a an Lam 0 5a an O 2a an 0 oa an O 3a an O ra an Oo 4a an 0 Ba am O O Exercise 24, Game, (Charts 7-4 » 77) ‘A favorite game played with a group of people is called “My Grandfather's Store.” Each person begins hisher turn by saying "I went ro my grandfather's store and bought..." The first person names something that begins with the leter “A.” The second person repeats what the first person said, and then names something that begins withthe letter “B.” The game continues to the letter "Z,” the end ofthe alphabet. ‘The people in the group have to listen, carefully and remember al the items previously named, ‘Assume that “grandfather's store” sells just about anything anyone would ever think of Pay special attention to the use of a/an and some. Bxample: SPEAKER A: I went to my grandfathers store and bought an apple. Speake B: T went to my grandfather's store and bought an apple and some bread, Speake C: I went to my grandfathers store and bought an apple, some bread, and a camel. ‘Speake D: T went to my grandfather's store and bought an apple, some bread, a camel, and some dark socks, Bre, Alternative beginnings ‘Tomorrow I'm going to (name of a plac). In my suitcase, Iwill pack My friends are having a party. I'm going to bring... Exercise 25. Warm-up. (Chat 7-8 Correex the ertors. 1. Ohylook at moon! I's beautiful tonight. 2. saw a cat and a bird outside my window. Cat was trying to catch a bird, but it didn’t succeed, Bird flew away, 3. The birds have the wings. Many insects have wings too. 4. We all look for the happiness. 5. Thave book, Nouns 147eo ee ee i. (a) Te sun stright today CauDeine: Use the when You know or assume tat your Pease hand the boot to each toners fartar wih and thinking about the came Please open the door specie hing or person you are ang about ‘Omariain the hither, ‘GaD8Lne: Use the forthe second macton oan inti ‘oun In) test meiton = some dos, ae, 3 (@) Yesterday Iaaw some dogs. The doge were acing cal Tho ct was ening» use. The ‘A: Can you repair my car for me? 1B: What's wrong with A radistor has leaky and one of \windshield wipers doesn’t work. B: Can you show me where leak is? ‘mooseranino hoe. The olewaa very smal. | mauve a ak second mention = the ga the a, the 9. A: What happened to your bicycle? front wheel is bent. jeceen eee B: Tran into parked ear when I swerved t0 avoid big pothole. (2) commecr: Apps are my ave tat ‘@aDEUNE: Do no Ua tho wih a plural count noun A: Did you damage ex? nconecr: The sppes are my favre rat ‘pple ora noncount noun (9 a) when you me Fe eee mating a generatzson. By Alitle comes: The 9a se ‘As What did you de? (cam (toe sce ea | say Angus 9,6 aye Bi Tleft note for owner of oa rove at co. procoded (6) Leow his ar {0 an ate (aan or the} on ‘A: What did you write on note? (2) thisinaton nconmecr | ve cat ep eee raat B: My name and address. Talso wrote spotoay. "Where a banana (ge ea? Bamana are 040) so 4 Exercise 27. Looking at grammar. (Chosts 7-7 and 7-8) (2) Joon ns Banana ndfaie na) oram apple. Tehoe the Banana (Afi no) 4 Exercise 26. Looking at grammar. (Charts 7-7 ond 7-8) 1 Complete the dialogues with a, an, or the. Capitalize as necessary. 1. A: Thave aa idea, Let's go on —a_— picnie Saturday. * B: Okay. x 2. A: Did you have fun et the pienie yesterday? 4 B: Sure did. And you? 5. 3. A: Youd better have ood reason for being late! 6. B: Ido, - 4. A Did you think reason Mike gave for being late was believable? 7 B: Not real : °. 5. A: Where's my blue shirt? 5 1 Bi Ie’sin washing machine. ‘At That's okay. T can wear “ifferent shit. ty 6. A: Lwish we had ‘washing machine. B: So doll, Ie would make it alot easier to do our laundry. 7. A Have you seen my boots? B: They're in loset in front hallway. Everyone has “Te ft ind and dea eon opadute om col, Heke Kee Complete the sentences with a, an, the, ot @. Capitalize as necessary: tReet natind of — 2 men The bet we fr eras ight was exelent Lacy wearing a re a dy Ly ies to wear ___ hats. bets aie of thing haw are arts loting brown aon ha hook oe thee belong Mark, problemsin i ‘That books about fe of Helen Ker" ‘The Brooklyn Bridge was designed by engineer. John Roebling is _ name of engineer who designed the Brooklyn Bridge. He died in 1869 from infection before bridge was completed. 50-1965 overcame her dou handap vo Become» ved Ameren auto, cian ete 118 charter? Nouns 1191 Exercise 28. Grammar and speaking. (Charts 7-7 and 7-8) 6. Theard on the radio that there is Complete the sentences with a, an, the, or ©. Do you agree or disagree with the statements? Gircle yet oF na. Shate some of your answers with the class. Capitalize as necessary. ‘evidence that dolphins suffer in nature live around 40 years. Captive dolphins captivity. Dolphins that are free in lve average of 12 years, ts believed that some captive dolphins commit 1. Everyone needs to have cell phone, yes no is 2 iS a a 2. you hav eel phone, you don't need to wear watch ae eae ae > 7. Look. There's ‘ly walking on ceiling. It's upside down. Do you o cell phones are replacing —_ watches, yes suppose Ay wa yng rghtsdeupand fipped over atthe las second, oF wa ic 4. One key to healiy iis daily physical exercise, £2 ying upside down when tlanded on eting? 5. You lke ora book about life and art of Pablo Peas rn _ a Exercise 30, Listening. (Chorts 7-7 ond 7-8) ni iewery looks good on both men and women. Ean 7 Listen to this informa alk wth your book closed, Then open your book and xen agin, @ Complete the semences with ay am or te 7. English is ‘easy language to learn, yes no one 8 beings ilar to human beings exist somewhere in univers, yet no 9. Listening 19 oud rock musi fn, ee 1 muse you ike bests ook all cao n vocabulary in this exercise is eas. fe 2 Exercise 29. Looking at grammar. (Charts 7-7 ond Complete the sentences with a, an, dhe, or ©. Capitalize Computer Bugs 1, We need to get _____ new phone, ‘When theres problem with computer, we often say we have 2, Alex, would you please answer phone? “computer bug.” OF course, i's not teal insect. Te refers to technical difficulty 3 people use plants in many different ways. Plants supply us with wwe are having, expression actually goes back to Thomas Euson, who was oxygen, They are a source of lifesaving medicines. We use plant produets to build famous inventor, When he was working on his first phonograph, he had a lot of problems. He peeesend to Paper and eas atcibuted problems 10 imaginary insect that had hidden inside — 4, The biggest bird in the world isthe ostrich, It eas just about anything it can reech, including machine. He is quoted in newspaper as saying there was bag? in yewspaper as saying ig baw snograph This was in 1889, and itis first recorded use of, word bug in such and keys, Ie can ill person with one kick veooes =“ 5. In recent newspaper article, I ead about as— sonment Australian swimmer who was saved from —__ shark by Exercise 31. Warm-up. (Chat 7-9) ‘roup of dolphins, When Caines Before you look at the next chart, ty this exercise. Draw a line through the words/expressions ‘that cannot be used to complete the sentences. swimmer, dolphins chased it away. They saved eons ample: tought feria 2, couple of 3. several 4 too much 5. too many 120. cHarter 7 Nouns 121received —_ leten. received — mail 1 Exercise 32. Looking at grammar, (Chart 7-9) ‘Draw a line through the expressions that cannot be used to complete the sentences. The first eae id column has been started for you 2. acouple of 17, a couple of g “ Jake has homesork Ihab has assignments 3. both 18, both 1. three 13, three 4, several 19, several 2. several 14, several 5. some 20, some 3. some 15, some 6. alotof 21. alotot ee on re 4. alocof 16, alocof hers ae 5. r00 much 17, 0 much too many 9a many 6. t00 man 18. 100 ma 9. too much 24 t00 much : - 1. afew 19. afew 10. afew 25. afew 8. litle 20. a lite 11, alice 26, alicde 9. a number of 21. amumberof 12, a number of 27. a numberof to ce = atl 1, a great deal of 28, great deal of a aa es aie 11, bardly any 23. hardly any ae aa dec = 12, no 24, 0 15. no 30. no Exercise 33. Looking at grammar. (Che 7-9) Complete the sentences with much or many. Also write the plural form of the nouns as eae ee ee Gc necessary. In some sentences, you will need to choose the correct verb in parentheses, Used with Count | Used with cities Nouns Noncount Nouns 1. haven't visited mary city in the United States. sean oa ‘norm ry may 2. ‘There (Go's) aren’), _rtuch__ money in my bank aevount, crore 8 Some expressions quai are 5. Thaven' goer snail atl ae , ed tn ou nouns, ) ae sad town ap 6 and 4. Ton’ get lene. 2 coupe of apples ® Kine 2 5. ‘There (is are) t00 number pees ° farmiure in Annas living oom (©) alte ° ‘Some are usd ony with nencount sven o roune, a (e Bpeatdoa ot | O great deal fre @ ‘no apes ‘no nice ‘Some are used with bon count and avy any | haa any po vay any co | manecunt nour, 8h somalary | somolany apse somolany nce aisotros ot | ao offs of spp Sot oflots of eo ony of plonty of apace pony of os most ost opp most rie 2 apa tince 50 = norasd, Foreumple on nor eo with oncount nouns You San ay 1 Gne a” BUTS Ta One SE 122 cHAPtER 7 Nouns 1236. can't go with you because Ihave too work todo, 7. A: How side does a pentagon have? B: Five. 8. Tcouldn’t find information in that book. 9, Thaven't met ____ people since T came here. 10. How postage does this eter need? 11, Tink there (5 re) 100 violence on television, 12, Ton’ have —____ patience with incompetence 13, "The doctor has 0 patient that she has to work atleast twelve hours day 14. A: How tooth does the average person have? B: Thirg-nvo. 15. ‘There (i'r aren’) international news in the local paper. Exercise 34, Looking at grammar. (Chart 7.9) Ifthe given noun can be used to complete the sentence, write i in its correct form (singular or plural), Ifthe given noun cannot be used to complete the sentence, write O. 1, Helen bought several —_. 3. Jack bought 100 much lamp lamps shoe furnicure a sale jewelry equipment necklace _claces toa! 2. Sam bought a lor of —. Alice bought a couple of stamp bread rice loaf of bread scutt honey ‘hing jar of honey 124 cHarter 7 Tread a foto 9. novel ——e literature poem poetry T bought some 10. orange juice light bull hardware computer software We nead plenty of a sleep information fact help sae both 12 scenery Exercise 35. Let's talk: interview. (Chort 7-9) Interview two other students. Ask them t0 complete the given sentences, Share some of their answers with the class have a number of. Teed to have a lot of. “Teachers need to have a great deal of... [Nick has a monber of shirt homework en halk 1 dow’ have a great deal of —. patience wvealth friend pencil Ted a linle money advice ‘he author has many —_. idea theory hypothesis knowledge People in (name of «country have too ruck / too many « Nouns 125a Exercise 36. Warm-up. (Chart 7-10) ‘Choose the correct answers 1. Which sentence gives a negative meaning of “not many people”? a, Deserts are largely uninhabited. ‘ry ew people live in the middle ofa desert 1. We had a good time. We met afew people and had some nice conversations. 2. Which sentence gives a negative meaning of “not much water”? 4. It's hot today. You should drink a litle ear DB. A deserts a dry place. There is file tourer in a desert, 7-10 Using 4 Few and Few; A Little and Little oxo (@) We etened te # le nus coun: (@) We sang a ow songs ‘A fow an fw are wed wit pla count une, an, Ait 2nd tle are used wth noncount rouns, as in) (©) She as been hore only me weeks, but she has ready made »fow | A fowand a ite give a psi idea: (8) rmvery pleased. te bean able o save» tls on this ment (@) Ho sony fre. Se (1) tae (very) tle money Hon even have encugh mene 0 buy they nae that someting ex, (Poste idea: She has made some end) prtant, asin (6) and). (Posie idea: have saved some money instead o spending allot) ‘Few and ite (thou a) give a nega idea: hy incest at someting ‘sbeont, 22). (very) few tends. (Wagatve idea: She doss net have many fends; she has lost ro fencs) Very (+ otal) makes the negative teod or dinner. ttongr, tho aurefarmeunt mai, as (Wegatve ide: (40 n0t have much money Ihave alnosino money) | i) a Exercise 37. Looking at grammar, (Chor! 7-10) ‘Without changing the meaning of the sentence, replace the italicized words with a few, (very) fev, a tittle, or (very) little alittle 1. Tithink that some lemon juice on fish makes it taste better. (wory) few ingual, but nor many. people speak more than ten languages. 2, Many people are mul 3. Some sunshine s beter than none. 4. January is cold and dreary month in the northern states. There is nor much sunshine during that month. 5. My parents like to watch TV. Every evening they watch rao or dee programs on'TV before they go t0 bed, 126 charter? 6. don’t watch’TV very much because there are hardly any television programs that I enjoy. 7. Ifa door squeaks, svoral drops of olin the right places can prevent future rouble. 8. Ifyour door squeaks, put some oon the hinges. 9. Mr. Adams doesn’t ike to wear rings on his fingers. He wears almost no jewelry Exercise 38. Looking at grammar. (Cho: 7-10) Complete the sentences with a few, (very) few, alittle, or (very) litle. 1, Doyou have a fa mints? 1 like to ask you —_a fw questions, Uneed atic _ more information. 2. Diana's previous employer gave her a good recommendation because she makes (veo) few mistakes in hee work. 3. Ben ishavinga lot of trouble adjusting to high school. He seems ro be unpopular. Unfortunately; hehas ____ fiends 4. We're looking forward to our vacation, We're planning to spend days ‘with my folks and then days with my husband’ folks, After that, we're going to go to fishing resort in Canada 5. Tas hungry, so ate —__ nuts 6, Because the family i very poor the children have toys. And the parents have to work two jobs, so they have ime to spend with their childsen, 7. Im each ite, sain must fll* 8. Natasha ikes sweet tea, She usually adds honey to her ea Sometimes she adds “This ica common Engh sig tat means “bo pea” Nouns 1271 Exercise 39. Listening. (Chort 7-10) &_ Choose the semence (2 0Fb) that best describes the simation you hear « G24, Example: You will hear: Rosie was still hungry. She wanted some more tice. ‘You will choose: (@,) Rosie wanted a lite rice. ’. Rosie wanted litte rice. a, Ladd alittle salt 10 my food 5, a, Linda has a few problems, 1a say. bi. Ladd ite salt to my food, Bi. Linda his few problems in her lite 2. a. Ipacked a few sandwiches 16, a, Billy has afew problems, 1d say. . packed few sandwiches '. Billy has very few problems, Pd say. 3. a. Mr. Hong knows alittle English. 171. a. A few people like working for him. '. Mr. Hong knows lite English, 4. a, His daughter knows a lite English, His daughter knows litle English b. Few people lke working for him. Exercise 49. Let's talk, (Charis 7-9 ond 7-1) Read the list ofthe food in Dan and Eva's kitchen. Do they have enough food for the next ‘week? Give your opinion using the given expressions of quantity. Work in pairs, in small, groups, or as a class, Example: 36 eggs » They have to0 many eggs. toomuch* —toolitle (not) enough just the right amount of foomany 00 few (ot) nearly enough just the right number of| ‘The food in Dan and Eva's bitchen: 40 apples 10 bags of rice 1 hilo of coffee 1 banans 20 cans of tomatoes 2 teabags 6 oranges 0 fresh vegetables 1 box of breakfast cereal I quart of orange juice 1 botle of olive oil 2slices of bread 4 gallons of ice cream 1 cup of sugar 5 pounds of cheese Exercise 41. Warm-up. (Chor 7-11) Notice the words in blue. Complete the sentences with country or countries. 1, One __ 1 woud tke to vist is Malaysia 2. One of the ry wife would ike ta visit Bri 3 in the world before Idi Bach __ is speci. 4, Tye had wonderful experiences in exch of the ve visited during my travels. ‘nota Engl oi fen med y yo fr They at way fare way ps Thy hae way ar fs wala 128 cuaprer7 Aes kee een (a) One student was at dass (©) Each student has a schedule (©) Every stucenthas a sehacuie, ‘One, each, and overy 0 lowed imac by singular count nouns (never purl nouns, never noncout Reus). (@) One ofthe stuconts was ae to ase, (0) Each one) ofthe stucontshas a schedule (Everyone ofthe studenshas a schedule. (One of, 2ach of, ane everyone of” are flowed by specie ural count ras (cover singular aouns nave neat une) Beery ome (vo words) ian eponion of quay ex, he a everyone of th a). Bergamo (oe ver) sanindefite rooun. Tas he sane meaning rol (everyone Bveryody ha sch). ‘Nore: Each an evry hae enn the ame meaning “Each is wed hen the spesershinking fon ersothng t ime: Bac dot ha aschlle = Aary har hele ‘Bory ised when te spate meas al: Beery hashes ~ Al of he do ae cd Exercise 42, Looking at grammar. (Chori 7-11) Complete the sentences. Use the singular or plural form of the nouns in parentheses. 1, There is only one (git) ai __on te svth-grade soccer team. 2. Only one ofthe gi) in the sixth grade is on the soocer team, 3, Bach ofthe (child) ota present 4. Mr. Hoover gave a present to each (child) 5. We invited every (member) of the club. 6. Bvery one of the (member) ‘came, 7. One (student) stayed after class to ask a question. 8. One of the (sen) stayed after class. 9, All of the students enjoyed the debate. The teacher was very excited when every (student) in the class participated in the discussion. 10, Bach of the (stent) joined the conversation, Exercise 43. Check your knowledge. (Chart 7-11) ‘Correct the errors, Some ofthe sentences do not contain any errors. student 1. It’s important for every students to have « book. 2. Bach of the students in my lass has a book. (no change) 3. The teacher gave each of students 2 test paper. 4. Every student in the class did well on the test. Nouns 1295. Spain is one of the country I want to vst 6. Bvory furniture in that room is made of wood. 7. One of the equipment in our office is broken. 8, gave a present to each ofthe woman inthe oom. 9. One of my favorite place in the world is an sland in the Caribbean Sea 10, Each one of your suitcases wil be checked when you go through customs 11, Ie impossibe for one human being to knows every languages inthe world 12, found each of the error in this exercise. a Exercise 44. Warm-up. (Chott 7-11) Complete the sentences with ef or @. How do you know when co use af in expressions of quantivy? Leow 1, some 0 students 2, some —_of the students 3. several ___ students. 4. several __ the students, 5, several __ your students 6. most —____ your students, 7. most them, Fieee 8, many students 9. many those students 10, many them, 11, lor students 12, aloe those students. 13, none those students. 14, none —__ them. 130. charter 7 APR og eee ae res @ o © @ © wm ought ne book tought many dots (ne of hose books sie Some o the boos are your, | yin some expressions of quanity, of not used when the nouns ronapact, sina} and fis used wi * specie nouns, an), and (0). + pronouns, a in ‘Many of my boos are parish ‘nem ae paperbecs, ‘Some expressions of quanty the aor of, way incud of hoor the noun is nonepeati, as in (a), spe, asin) Expressions of quantity ‘one fo) anion seme (ot) tw (ot) azn evera () hot nry (aytew oh S50 parcent of ‘nos alo (3) tino) threo ours of ‘most Fay any (ot) ‘maj ot many fo) none ot funded of ‘mucho ro. ‘novsands of ‘Shum of rion of oat deal ot a Exercise 45. Looking at grammar. (Chast 7-12) Complete the sentences with of or 8. 1, know several of — Jack's friends, 2, [ve made several _@_ friends lately. 3, Some students are lazy. Most students are hard-working, 4. Some the students in Mrs. Grays class are a litle lazy. 5. usually get alot 6. Alor Most ‘books have an index: Ali's books are written in Arabic, Toughe a few books yesterday. 7, 8. Most 9. 0. Te read a few those books. 11, Pmaew here. Idon’t know many people yet. 12, ve just moved into a new apartment. I don’t know many sy neighbors yet. lions people watch World Cup soccer Nouns 131Exercise 46, Let's talk. (Choris 7-11 and 7-12) Use the expressions of quantity inthe list to make sentences about the given situation. Work in pairs in small groups, oF as a class, allot the majority of, several of a couple of| almost ll of some of afew of hardly any of ‘most of About half of| very few of | fone of SrTusTion: ‘There are 15 students taking a basic Chinese language class. Example: Three have studied Chinese before. ‘SPEAKER A: Several of them have studied Chinese before. ‘SpeaKeR B: Most of them have never studied Chinese before, ‘Thirteen speak English as their naive language. ‘One speaks Thai, and one speaks Arabic. No one speaks Spanish, “Two have studied several languages already: Fifteen think Chinese is very difficult. Fourteen are enjoying the cass. Five have already bought the textbook. Four are men; eleven are women. Exercise 47. Let's talk: interview. (Choris 7-9 » ‘Conduct a poll among your classmates and report your findings. Part L, Prepace five yesino questions that ask for opinions or information about your classmates’ likes, dislikes, habits or experiences. Record their responses. Sample questions: Do you read an English-language newspaper every day? Do you lke living in this city? Do you have a car? Hlave you ever ridden a horse? ‘Are you going tobe in bed before midnight tonight? Part Ht, Report your findings to the class using expressions of quantity to make generalizations about what you learned. ‘Sample repors ‘Only a few of the people inthis class read an English newspaper every day. ‘Most of them like living inthis city ‘Three of the people inthis class have cars. About half of them have ridden a horse at some time in ther ives. ‘Almost all of them are going to be in bed before midnight tonight, 132. cHarteR 7 I Exercise 48, Let's talk. (Chars 7-9 » 7-12) ‘Most of the statements are overgeneralizations. Make each statement clearer or more accurate by adding an expression of quantity. Add other words to the sentences or make any other changes you wish, Work in pars, in small groups, or as class. Example: My classmates are from Japan. » Most of my classmates are from Japan, » All (of) my classmates are from Japan.* » One of my classmates is from Japan. + Hardly any of my classmetes dre from Japan, None of my classmates is from Japan. My classmates speak Arabic. People are friendly ‘The pages in this book contain illustrations. Babies are born bald. ‘The students in my class are from South America. People like to live alone. ‘The people I know like to lve alone. ‘The countries in the world are in the Northern Hemisphere. 9, ‘The citizens of the United States speak English, 10, Children like to read seary st 411, The children in my country go to school 12, Aigplanes depart and arrive precisely on time, 13, The rivers inthe world are pollued, 14, The potion in the world today is caused by human beings Exercise 49. Let's talk. (Choris 7-9» As a class, make alist of controversial topics (Le. topics that generate opinions not everyone agrees with) that you think are interesting. From this lst, choose topics that you woul like £0 discuss with your classmates; then, divide into groups to talk about them. ‘At the end ofthe discussion time, the leader of each group will report on the opinions of| his or her group using expressions of quantity to make generalizations (e.g, Most of us believe that... O% Only a fof us think that ...). ‘The number of topics you choose to discuss depends on the time available Sample opi pphysician-assisted suicide for terminally ill patients birth control education in public schools a current war or other politcal crisis, the dangers posed by global warming ofall opal wih apis consicr Allof mycin omsecr: Aimy cma or Nouns 138