Newsletter #9-#10 - Moorecad.com

PASCAL USER'S GROUP 

Pascal. News 

(FORMERLY PASCAL NEWSLETTER) 

NUMBERS 9 AND 10 (COMBINED ISSUE) 

COMMUNICATIONS ABOUT THE PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE PASCAL BY PASCALERS 

SEPTEMBER" 1977 

TAB LEO F CON TEN T S 

o POLICY: Pascal News 

1 ALL PURPOSE COUPON 

3 EDITOR'S CONTRIBUTION 

4 HERE AND THERE 

4 News 

8 Conferences 

8 Books and Articles 

11 Past Issues of Pascal Newsletter 

11 PUG Finances 

12 Roster 

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39 ART! CLES 

39 "Pascal at Sydney University" 

- A. J. Gerber andC. C. Morgan 

40 

42 

43 

47 

54 

58 

60 

60 

60 

61 

61 

63 

64 

73 

113 

"Disposing of Dispose" 

- Stephen P. Wagstaff 

"What is a Textfile?" 

- William C. Price 

"Generic Routines and Variable Types in Pascal 

II 

- B. Austermuehl and H.-J. Hoffmann 

OPEN FORUM FOR MEMBERS 

Special Topic: Micro/Personal Computers and Pascal 

Special Topic: Pascal Standards 

IMPLEMENTATION NOTES 

Checklist 

General Information 

Software Writing Tools 

Portable Pascals 

Pascal Variants 

Feature Implementation Notes 

Machine Dependent Implementations 

POLICY: Pascal User's Group 

~. 

L

POLICY: PASCAL NEWS (77/09/01) 

r- 

! 

* Pascal News is the official but informal publication of the User's Group. ~ 

Pascal News contains all we (the editors) know about Pascal; we use it as 

the vehicle to answer all inquiries because our physical energy and 

resources for answering individual requests are finite. As PUGgrows, we 

unfortunately succumb to the reality of (1) having to insist that people 

who need to know "about Pascal" join PUGand read Pascal News - that is 

why we spend time to produce it! and (2) refusing to return phone calls 

or answer letters full of questions - we will pass the questions on to 

the readership of Pascal News. Please understand what the collective 

effect of individual inquiries has at the "concentrators" (our phones and 

mailboxes). Weare trying honestly to say: "we cannot promise more than 

we can do.1I 

* An attempt is made to produce Pascal News 4 times during an academic year from 

July 1 to June 30; usually September, November, February, and May. 

* ALL THE NEWSTHAT FITS, WE PRINT. Please send written material for Pascal News 

single spaced and in camera-ready form. Use lines 18.5 cm wide! 

* 

Remember: ALL LETTERS TO US WILL BE PRINTED UNLESS THEY CONTAIN A REQUEST TO 

THE CONTRARY. 

~ 

() 

.- 

ō 

a. 

*Pasc~l News is divided into flexible sections: 

POLICY - tries to explain the way we do things {ALL PURPOSECOUPON,etc.)..~ 

EDITOR'S CONTRIBUTION- passes along the opinion and point of view of the 

editor together with changes in the mechanics of PUGoperation, etc. 

HERE AND THERE WITH PASCAL- presents news from people, conference 

announcements and reports, new books and articles (including reviews), 

notices of Pascal applications, history, membership rosters, etc. 

ARTICLES - contains formal, submitted contributions (such as Pascal 

philosophy, use of Pascal as a teaching tool, use of Pascal at different 

computer installations, how to promote Pascal, etc. 

OPEN FORUM FOR MEMBERS - contains short, informal correspondence among 

members which is of interest to the readership of Pascal News. 

IMPLEMENTATION NOTES - reports news of Pascal implementations: contacts 

for maintainers, implementors, distributors, and documentors of various 

implementations as well as where to send bug reports~ Qualitative and 

quantitative descriptions and comparisons of various implementations are 

publicized. Sections contain information about Software Writing Tools 

for a Pascal environment, Portable Pascals, Pascal Variants, Feature 

Implementation Notes, Machine Dependent Implementations, etc. 

* Volunteer editors are: 

Andy Mickel - editor 

Tim Bonhamand Jim Miner - Implementation Notes editors 

Sara Graffunder - Here and There editor 

John Strait and John Easton - Tasks editors 

David Barron and Rich Stevens - Books and Articles editors 

Rich Cichelli - Software Tools and Applications editor 

George Richmond - past editor (issues 1 through 4) 

, 

1 

! 

'--

PASCAL USER'S GROUP 

USER'S 

ALL PURPOSE COUPON 

GROUP 

****************** 

(77/09/01) · 

Pascal User's Group, c/o Andy Mickel 

University Computer Center: 227 EX 

208 SE Union Street 

University of Minnesota 

Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA 

+ Clip, photo~opy, o~ 

+ 

+ ~e.p~odu.~e.,~. a.nd 

+ 

+ mail. to ~ a.d~eM. 

/ / Please enter me as a new member of the PASCAL USER'S GROUP for ___Academic 

year(s) ending June 30 I shall receive all 4 issues of Pa.6ea.i N~ 

for each year. Enclosed please find ($4.00 for each year). (* When 

joining from overseas, check the Pa.6~al N~ POLICYsection on the reverse 

side for a PUG "regiona1 representative." *) 

/ / Please renew my membership in PASCALUSER'S GROUP for ___ Academic year(s) 

ending June 30 Enclosed please find ($4.00 for each year). 

/ / Please send a copy of Pa.6~al N~~ Number(s) . (* See the Pa.6~a.i N~ 

POLICYsection on the reverse side for prices and issues available. *) 

/ / My new a~~~~~s is printed below. Please use it from now on. I'll enclose an 

old mailing label if I can find one. 

address 

/ / You messed up my phone' 

See below. 

/ / Enclosed please find a contribution (such as what we are doing \~ith Pascal at 

our computer installation), idea, article, or opinion which I wish to submit 

for publication in the next issue of Pa.6~al N~~. (* Please send bug reports 

to the maintainer of the appropriate implementation listed in the Pa.6ea.i N~ 

IMPLEMENTATION NOTES section. *) 

/ / None of the above. 

Other comments: From: name 

mailing 

address 

phone 

computer 

system(s) 

date 

(* Your phone number aids communication with other PUGmembers. *) 

----- - -- ----

JOINING PASCAL USER'S GROUP? 

membership is open to anyone: particularly the Pascal user, teacher, maintainer, 

implementor, distributor, or just plain fan. Memberships from libraries are also 

encouraged. 

please enclose the proper prepayment - we will not bill you. 

please do not send us purchase orders - we cannot endure the paper work! (if you are 

trying to get your organization to pay for your membership, think of the cost of 

paperwork involved for such a small sum as a PUGmembership). 

whenyou join PUG anytime within an academic year: July 1 to June 30, you will 

receive all issues of Pascal i~ews for that year unless you request otherwise. 

You will receive a membership receipt. 

please remember that PUG is run by volunteers who don't consider themselves in the 

"publishing business. 

II We consider production of Pascal News as simply a means 

toward the end of promoting Pascal and communicating news of events surrounding 

Pascal to persons interested in Pascal. We are simply interested in the news 

ourselves and prefer to share it through Pascal News (rather than having to 

answer ind1vidaally every letter and phone call). We desire to keep paperwork 

to a minimum because we have other work to do. 

JOINING THROUGH "REGIONAL REPRESENTATIVES" ? 

anyone can join through PUG(USA) - address on reverse side. International telephone: 

1-612-376-7290. PUG(USA) produces Pascal News and keeps all mailing addresses on 

a common list. Regional representatives collect memberships as a service and 

reprint and distribute Pascal News using mailing labels sent from PUG(USA) which 

speeds up delivery overseas. 

European Region (Europe, North Africa, Australasian Region (Australia, New 

Middle and Near East): 

Zealand, Indonesia, Malaysia): 

send £2.50 to: Pascal Users' Group (UK) send $AIO to: Pascal Users Group (AUS) 

telephone: 

c/o Computer Studies 

Mathematics Department 

The University 

Southampton S09 5NH 

United Kingdom 

44-703-559122 x700 

Group 

c/o Arthur Sale 

Dept. of Information Science 

University of Tasmania 

GPO Box 252C 

Hobart, Tasmania 7001 

Australia 

telephone: 23 0561 

RENEWING? 

please renew early (before August) and please write us a line or two to tell us what 

you are doing with Pascal, and tell us what you think of PUGand Pascal News to 

help keep us honest. To save PUGpostage, we do not send receipts when you renew. 

ORDERING BACKISSUES OR EXTRA ISSUES? 

Our unusual policy of automatically sending all issues 

who joins within an academic year (July 1 to June 30) means 

requests for backissues ahead of time, and we don't have to 

in every issue - especially about Pascal implementations! 

of Pascal News to anyone 

that we eliminate many 

reprint important information 

- Issues 1, 2, 3, and 4 (January, 1974 - August, 1976) are out of print. 

Issues 5, 6, 7, and 8 (September, 1976 - May, 1977): 

Less than 40 copies each remain at PUG(USA) available for $2 each. 

Less than 20 copies each remain at PUG(UK) available for il each or ~2.50 

None available at PUG(AUS): write to PUG(USA) or PUG(UK). 

Extra single copies of new issues are $2 each - PUG(USA); £1 each - PUG(UK); 

$A3 each - PUG(AUS). 

for 6,7,8. 

SENDING MATERIAL FOR PUBLICATION? 

(such as ideas, queries, articles, letters, opinions, notices, news, implementation 

information, conference announcements and reports, etc.) "ALL THE NEWS THAT FITS, 

II 

WE PRINT. Please send written material for Pascal News single spaced and in cameraready 

form. Use lines 18.5 cm wide! Remember: ALL LETTERS TO US WILL BE PRINTED 

UNLESS THEY COiHAIN A REQUEST TO THE CONTRARY. 

MISCELLANEOUS INQUIRIES? Please remember we will use P~sc~l .N~ws as the vehicle to 

answer all inquiries and regret to be unable to answer lndlvldoal requests. 

and

) 

l5i1 

UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA University Computer Center 

lWlN CITIES 

227 Experimental Engineering Building 

Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 

Here is another potpourri of topics: 

(612) 376-7290 

Pascal Newsletter #8 

"Green on green" was not our idea (neither was the thick paper - it destroyed our poverty 

image!). It was a giant disappointment to have worked so hard on #8 and see it come out 

this way. We agree with the 20 or so people who gently suggested that "we say it in 

black and white." Wewere faced with wasting paper and making the newsletter 3 weeks 

late if we reprinted)or sending it out. We sent it out and were reimbursed by the 

printer for the extra postage and heavy paper costs. PUGN8 from the UKwas over 2 

months late due to circumstances beyond their control, but it was black on whitel 

Pascal Jobs 

Whosays you can't get a job "in the real world" using Pascal? Herb Rubenstein, the first 

research assistant to work for us at the University Computer Center who learned Pascal 

before he learned FORTRAN,picked Colorado as a place to live when he graduated with a 

8. Sci. in Computer Science from the University of Minnesota and then he began job hunting. 

In 2 months he landed a job with a rapidly growing engineering pe~era1s fina, AutoTro1, 

and is working almost exclusively with Pascal. 

Also see the OPENFORUMsection for a letter from Neil Barta. 

NewAustralasian Distribution Center for PUG 

To solve problems with slow mail to Australia (as well as currency exchange), Arthur Sale, 

prolific PUGNcontributor at the University of Tasmania, has kindly set up a distribution 

center thrs-$ummer (winter) much like Judy Mullins and David Barron did for Europe a year 

ago. 

The area served is Australia, NewZealand, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Weat PUG(USA)are 

confused about why the price is so high; apparently we were to receive a letter from 

Arthur over 2 months ago with the details, but it was lost in the mail. Other details are 

on the reverse side of the ALLPURPOSE COUPON. 

Computer Companies Using Pascal 

It is past time to print a list we've been keeping of computer companies ~ are seriously 

using Pascal. This is so we all can argue back that "Pascal is being used for serious 

real world work" when accused otherwise! 

Total conversion internally to the company: 

Texas Instruments, January, 1977 ("from micros to super computers") 

Harris Data Communications, March, 1977 ("Pascal is our language - replacing FORTRAN and 

COBOL" - Tom Spurrier.) 

Companies Using Pascal for future software systems: 

Cray Research (CRAY-2) 

Control Data Corporation (Cyber 270 series)(They have a1read.y beell usi.ng it for the 2550 

and the Cyber 18) 

DATA100 Corporation (model 78) 

Companies marketing Pascal as a user product: 

Honeywell; Computer Automation; Four Phase Systems; Varian Data Machines (Sperry Univac). 

Editor's 

Contribution 

New Developments - Micro/Personal Computers 

Several PUG members took my request seriously to write to several of the personal computing 

journals to promote Pascal over BASIC (see Editor's Contribution PUGN8). David Mundie, 

George Cohn, and Tim Bonhamhave written letters. At Frank Brewster's and Rich Ciche11i's 

urging, I sent personal letters and a free copy of #8 (the ~ free copies we'had given) 

to the editors of 14 computing journals. We received warm responses from half a dozen. 

Also we've ~een getting new members from their readership, some who are so curious to know 

about Pascal that they are dying to get this issue of PUGNI I'm really encouraged at 

these developments because these computers represent the future and we have an early start 

(unlike on the current dinosaur systems). 

See the OPEN FORUMsection. 

Pascal News 

Wechanged the name to avoid confusion by people who think a new1etter is 4 pages long. 

This issue is a combined one because it contains so much material - and it is also late. 

We had to revise nearly everything: the cover, the coupon, policy, and do a summary for 

the implementation notes! This has good side effects because PUGN8 was late in Europe, 

and renewals have been slow to come in. Next issue will be in February. Deadline for 

material is the last day in December: (77/12/31). 

NewPolicies 

Look at all the new editors I Please read the revised policy pages on the inside covers 

(front and back). The major change is that we are declaring that we are tired of 

processing purchase orders and answering requests for information "about Pascal" from 

people who won't join PUGand read Pascal News. It may sound strange, but we print 

everything we know about Pascal in Pascal News. 

Back Issues 

It is really difficult to plan ahead on backissues with a growing membership. Nevertheless 

we made it through last year with some extra copies of each issue. But we incurred some 

tremendous distribution problems which caused unjustified delays in sending back issues 

to people who Joined PUGafter mid-February. I apologize, and hope that we have learned 

enough from our mistakes to do better this year. 

Membership 

We began collecting PUGmemberships on 76/03/03. Here are some interesting membership 

totals: 317 on 76/08/13 (#5 to press); 368 on 76/09/09 (#5 mailed); 

516 on 76/11/14 (#6 to press); 560 on 76/12/10 (#6 mailed); 



1095 on 77/06/30 (end of year);1306 on 77/09/07 as I write this (759 active). 

We have 211 new members and 560 renewals since 77/07/01 with renewa1ssti11 rolling in. 

PUGFinances 

I last printed information in PUGN6. Last year (our first) we promised and delivered 

4 issues of PUGNewsletter. What we did not know was how popular PUGwas going to be. 

Wealso delivered a few things we did not promise: 230 copies of backissue #4, mass 

mailings to get to new and old people, letters to implementors to get compiler information 

and unfortu_nately, slow service to late joiners (sorry, but we wish you had joined 

earl ier). 

See the HERE AND THERE section for details under "PUGFinances". Weshowa small loss 

almost exactly 1%- and our crude accounting knowledge doesn't account for all the back 

issues produced with 76-77 money and sold in 77-78 (since July l,owe have sold 243 at 

PUG(USA) alone. So I claim we did okay. 

~ 

. 77/09/07. 

QO 

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NEWS 

Here and There With Pascal 

D. Michael Clarkson, DBMS Research and Development, California Software Products, 525 N. 

CabrilloPark Dr.,Suite300, SantaAna,CA 92701: "My companyis currentlyinvolvedin 

implementing a lot of high-leveltransportablesystem software using PASCAL ỊI 

(* 77/6/27 *) 

(* Here are extracts from almost all of PUG's mail. To reiterate what we've said 

elsewhere, many of the inquiries we get are answered in previous issues. If you are a 

member, please try to find answers to your questions from Pascal News before you write 

to us. If you aren't a member and you want information that's in an issue that's already 

out, we'll tell you to join rather than to answer each inquiry with a personal 

letter. *) 

Attn: Production Automation Project, Vniv. of Rochester Dept. of Elec. Engr., 

Rochester, NY 14627 (AristidesRequicha): "1 also would appreciateany information you 

might have on the existence and availability of reliable and efficient Pascal compilers 

for the PDP-ll/40. We normally use the RT-ll operating system." (* 77/6/28 *) 

Attn: Centro Ciencias de 1a Computacion, Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114 D, 

Santiago, Chile: "Is there any FULL PASCAL implementation for the IBM 3701" 

(* 77/6/7 *) 

Bill Barabash, Dept. of Computer Sci., State Univ. of NY, Stony Brook, NY 11794: "Yes. 1 

want to be the first one on my block to RENEW my membership in the Pascal User's Group. 

I enclose a check for $4.00 which entitles me to issues 9-12 of the newsletterplus a 

Captain Pascal secret decoder ring which glows in the dark. . . ." (* 77/6/8 *) 

Philip N. Bergstresser,128 Jackson Ave., Madison, AL 35758: "TRW has a PASCAL program 

on the CDC 7600 and TI-ASC with 40000 statements and 1100 procedures,REVS, the 

RequirementsEngineeringand Validation System, supporting interactivecolor graphics, 

CALCOMP plotting,.and a relationaldata base.We haveimplementeda complete7600 

PASCALsystem."(* 77/8/22 *) 

Gus Bjorklund,2250 CoppersmithSquare,Reston,VA 22091:"1 am presentlyworking on a 

Pascal compiler for the IBM Series 1, and should be finished in September 1977." 

(* 77/6/22 *) 

Kenneth Bowles, P.O. Box 1123, Rancho Santa Fe, CA 92067: "Looks like we will be working 

with CONDUIT on getting a (Standard) ANSl BASIC running under our PASCAL system. 

Object: entice Basic users over to PASCAL by making a switch very convenient.This will 

be the only truly portable BASIC we know of." (* 77/6/22 *) 

Bill Brennan, 39 Jody Drive, Norristown,PA 19401: "I am presentlyengagedin 

implementing PASCAL for Sperry-Univac9000 computers.(This activity is for my 

education mostly, not for release.) I certainly could use the informationyour 

newsletterwill provide. For your information,I heard of the PASCAL user's group from 

a notice in 'CreativeComputing. '" 

(* 77/9/1 *) 

Arthur A. Brown, 1101 New Hampshire Ave. NW, Washington,DC 20037: "I am a professional 

translator of Russian mathematics,and will be glad to abstract the Proceedings of the 

All-Union Symposium on lmplementationTechniques for New ProgrammingLanguages. (* We 

sent them off right away, but just received word from Arthur Brown that an English 

translation has been published as Vol. 47 of Springer-Verlag's Lecture Notes in 

Computer Science. *) (* 77/6/10 *) 

Thomas W. ~, Computer Center, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA 17013: "What PASCAL 

is available for a PDP-11 running RSTS?" (* 77/6/30 *) 

Edwin J. Calda, Dept. E152, AAl Corp., P.O. Box 6767, Baltimore, MD 21204: ''Would 

appreciate informationconcerningthe availability of Pascal for the SEL 8000 series or 

SEL 32." (* 77/7/19 *) 

Patrick~, DEC, Quai Ernest Ansermet 20, B.P. 23, CH-1211- Geneva 8, Switzerland: 

"I am urgentlylookingfor a PASCALcompiler running on PDP-llunder RSX-llM operating 

system,andI wonderif you knowabout sucha product.If so, couldyou pleasegive me 

a few indicationsabout it, as well as the person to contact and perhaps how to obtain 

it." (* 77/7/11 *) 

Kurt Cockrum, 3398 Utah, Riverside, CA 92507: IIR. A. Lovestedt should get in touch with 

Tom Payne, Math Dept., University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 92507 for 

information on HP-3000 implementations of Pascal. I believe that John Hayward of UCR 

has written a P-code interpreter that runs on the 3000. 

"Are there any HOBBYISTS doing anything with Pascal? Most of us can't handle tapes 

(except paper) and some of us are poor." (* 77/6/6 *) 

John Collins, 3M Co., Bldg. 235-F247, St. Paul, MN55101: "We are considering using 

PASCAL as a Systems ImplementationLanguage for microprocessorbased systems, using a 

PDP11 as a host for cross-compilationand system monitoring." (* 77/6/13 *) 

Larry Crane, EDS, 1200 Locust, Des Moines, IA 50309: "Thanks for sending uS the PUG 

newsle~, hopefully we'll be able to get aho1d of something good. If not we'll just 

have to develop it. With luck we'll have an operating system in Pascal. To the bit 

bucket with Fortran, even COBOL will be overcome. 

Long Live the Computocracy." (* 77/5/16 *) 

(* Response to Andy's letters to personal computing publications has been heartening, if 

somewhat humorous at times. In Creative COIIlPuting,for example, the "Pasacal" User's 

Group was mentioned, but the address got lost in the press. Nonetheless, high school 

student Steven Trapp, 5020 lIulcare Drive, Columbia Heights, MN 55421, deduced the 

address from Andy's name and the name of the building and wrote to ask for an 

all-purpose coupon. *) 

Jack Crone, Systems Analyst, USC School of Medicine, Hoffman Res. Ctr., Rm. 805, 2025 

Zonal Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90033: (* From his letter which we saw in Byte, May 

1977. *) '~t present, supporting a full blown high level language compiler is quite an 

achievement for a personal computer; supporting several is out of the question. For 

this reason it is important to make the best possible selection and to select some 

obscure educational vernacular such as PASCAL because it is esthetically more pleasing, 

and [sic] would leave personal computing where it is right now: a lot of hardware with 

very little software." 

Kenneth A. Dickey, 1662 Stromberg, Arcata, CA 95521: "I am especially interested in [ 

Pascal] applications dealing with environmental modeling, approximations, simultaneous 

equations, and text editing." *( 77/7/11 *) 

John Dickinson, Dept. of Elec. Engr., Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843: "I would also 

like to ask your help in locating a good implementation of PASCAL for a IBM 370 

machine. I understand there are many such implementationsand my question for you is 

which is best for a student environment. I plan to use PASCAL in a beginning computer 

science class and so I would like a version that is easy to use and one that has clear 

error messages." (* 77/6/30 *) 

Jim E1am, 150 Lombard, No. 601, San Francisco, CA 94111: "I would be interested in 

information on usage in a production environment and efficiency of generated code on 

370 gear?" (* 77/6/2 *) 

Gary Feierbach, Advanced Studies Dept., Inst. for Advanced Computation, P.O. Box 9071, 

Sunnyvale, CA 94086: "We currently have Pascal upon our KI-I0 and plan to put it up on 

several other machines including a version on the ILL1AC IV." (* 77/6/24 *) 

Charles N. Fi~er, Academic Computing Center, Univ. of Wisconsin, 1210 West Dayton 

Street, Madison, Wl 53706: "We may have a proposal for PL/1 like varying length 

strings for for you in the next few months - it appears to extend PASCAL fixed length 

strings rather nicely. Also, I'll be in Minneapolis for a Univac User's Meeting in 

mid-october. lf its convenient, 1 may be able to stop by and talk some PASCAL with you 

(1'11 be heading a PASCAL "birds of a feather" session at the meeting). (* 77/8/30 *) 

Dan Fylstra, 22 Weitz St. C, Boston, MA 02134 (* To put this letter in context: Dan is 

an ed.itor/consultant for Byte *): "Initially I plan to write an article explaining the

teatures and strengths of Pascal, aimed at the BASIC-orientedbeginning programmer or 

casual user. But I'll certainly include notes on the status of Pascal implementations 

and especially their availabilityon micros (since the news is so good). 

"You can invite people to write or call me if they have late-breaking news that 

deserves a wider audience than the User's Group itself. Since everyone connectedwith 

Bvte is enthusiasticabout Pascal, articles, new product announcements, and material 

for "Bvte's Bits" or the "TechnicalForum" are always welcome. These should be sent to 

Byte's regular address in Peterborough." (* 77/8/22 *) 

Richard Gemeinhardt, Jr., Oiscipledata,Inc., 110 S. Downey, Indianapolis, IN 46219: 

"Please advise if Pascal operates on any NCR hardware--suchas NCR Century 201 or NCR 

Criterion." (* 4/25/77 *) 

James D. George, Computer Branch, Underwater Sound Reference Division, Naval Research 

Laboratory, P. O. Box 8337, Orlando, FL 32806: "The Naval Research Laboratory has 

several POP-lIs, and is using RSX11M and RSX11D. I would be very much interested in 

finding out more about PASCAL under RSX11, and would appreciate any leads you could 

provide." (* 77/5/17 *) 

Roger Gulbranson, Dept. of Physics, Univ. of Illinois,Urbana, LL 61801: "Even though I 

know you don't like it, you can add my name to the list of people who want an OTHERWISE 

(or whatever) clause added to the CASE statement. I particularly liked George 

Richmond's article. I'm not sure I agree with all the things he said, but most of his 

points seem reasonable. I'm not sure I agree with his point about partial L->R 

evaluation of boolean expressions. While I'll admit it will help some problems 

concerning array indexes and the like I'm finding out that the FTN (* COC FORTRAN *) 

method of logical if evaluation (i.e., convert the whole mess into a logical (or 

~olean) result) and subsequent j~mp on true/false is faster on machines like the [ 

Cyber] 175 and probably also the 76. Considering the trend toward faster hardware, it 

may not be a good idea to explicitly demand partial evaluation. 

flI agree with Legenhausen's comment * about * * pushing PASCALin the appropriate micro 

computer journals. Maybe the way to do it is to develop a standalone PASCAL compiler 

for a paper tape based system with no more memory than 8K (16K if you must) and then 

distribute it for a nominal fee--say $10 or $15. And no, I don't have the time to do 

it." (* 77/6/6 *) 

George E. Haynan, 556 Parker Rd., W. Melbourne,FL 32901: ''Many maintainerswho 

arbitrarily change Pascal at their sites are guilty of the NIH (Not Invented Here) 

syndrome:'If I haven't thought of it then it isn't any good.' 

"I'm. interested in Sequential Pascal, directly compilable,for the POP-11, with an 

RT-11/RSX-11 operating system." (* 77/5/25 *) 

Carl Helmers, BYTE Publications, 70 Main St., Peterborough NH 03458: "A 

couple of 

comments about the Zilog rumor. All the information came from the same source and later 

proved premature. At the IEEE Computer Society Asilomar conference this year, a 2ilog 

representative could not confirm Pascal as a programming model for advanced 

architectures, but hinted strongly that research in the direction of instruction sets 

optimized for high level languages such as Pascal is being performed. A talk in the 

lobby of the West Coast Computer Faire's convention hotel with one of Motorola's LSI 

designers strongly hinted of the possibility of built in microcode for language 

constructs in the next generation of integrated circuits. 

A strong suggestion: people involved with the implementationof languages should seek 

out LSI design engineers in order to inject ideas about appropriate features to be 

built into the designs of future microprocessor products. (* 77/6/20 *) 

Richard Hendrickson, Cray Research Inc., 7850 Metro Parkway, Suite 213, Minneapolis,MN 

55420: "Keep up good work. Articles like the one by Barron and Mullins in No. 7 will do 

wonderful job of keeping FORTRAN and eliminating PASCAL as major computing language." 

(* 77/5/23 *) 

Sam Hills, 3514 Louisiana Ave. Pkwy., New Orleans, LA 70125: "I am interested in 

developing a subset of PASCAL to run on a hobby-type microcomputersuch as the Altair 

Here and There With Pascal 

or IMSAI, and any information you could supply would be greatly appreciated. 

(* 77/6/5 *) 

am considering 

Tao-Yang Hsieh, VIDAR, 77 Ortega Ave., Mountain View, CA 94040: "I 

implementing Pascal on our HP2100 system and would appreciate very much if you could 

assist me in obtaining a copy of Pascal P-code compiler and a copy of Pascal compiler 

written in Pascal." (* 77/8/1 *) 

Jon F. Hueras, Dept. of Information and Comp. Sci., Univ. of Calif., Irvine, CA 927~7: 

"I'm. . . working for Univac on the side. . . . We would find life a whole lot eas~er 

if we had a reasonable file comparison program to work with. You wouldn't happen t~ 

know of anyone who's written one in Pascal, would you? Please let us know. 

(* 77/7/26 *) 

Alfred J. Hulbert, Inhalation Toxicology Res. Inst., P.O. Box 5890, Albuquerque, NM 

87115: "We ~king with John Barr of Hughes Aircraft to get 8rian Lucas' NBS PASCAL 

written in PASCAL for RSX-11 users of DEC PDP-11's (along with real time and character 

string extensions)" (* 77/6/22 *) 

Geoffrey Hunter, Chemistry Dept., York Univ., Downsview M3J lP3, Ontario, Canada: 

"Thanks for your memo of 77/05/24. I ~m of co~rse fami~iar with. Pa~cal and act~allf, 

taught a course one year using Wirth s book Systemat~c Program~ng. an Introduct~on. 

I used "Algol" rather than PASCAL, Sioola, Algol 68, etc. for the Waterloo ta~k, 

because it is, as you note, the ancestor of all current structured programm~ng 

languages. . 

On first acquaintance I was an enthusiast for PASCAL, but after some pract~cal 

experience, and after reading Habermann's article in Acta Informatica Vol. 3 (1973) p. 

47., I have some reservations about some features of the language. Especially the lack 

of block structure (environment structuring--as distinct from control structures a~d 

procedures in particular), and the lack of dynamically dimensio~ed arrays, are, ~t 

seems to me conceptually oversights of the language. PASCAL s strong point is, of 

course, data structuring. 

* * * 

There is a danger with any organisation such as PUG--that it becomes the defendent of a 

fixed particular definition and implementation of the language. Guard against 

this. .." (* 77/6/1 *) 

Aron K. lnsinil,a, 126 Dupont Hall, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19711: "We are 

interested in using Pascal under UNIX (and DEC-supported operating systems) as well as 

on micro-processors (the LSI-11, Motorola M6800, and Intel 8080, in particular) with 

compilation and assembly done on the larger PDP-11 system. (* 77/7/29 *) 

;1itch Jolson SSRFC, 25 Blegen Hall, Univ. of MN, Minneapolis, MN 55455: "It may 

interest PU~ members to know that the LEAA (Law Enforcement Assistance Administration), 

a division of the Justice Department, requires, by legally enforceable regulation, that 

all criminal justice software be in ANSI FORTRAN or ANSI COBOL." (* 77/8/18 *) 

Matti Karinen and Jyrki Tuomi Compiler Project, Room 2113, Computer Center, Tampere 

would appreciate 

Univ. ~~hnology, PL -sz:r:' 33101 Tampere 10, Finland: "We 

information about PUG and the Pascal Newsletter, especially as w~ have in mind to 

implement Pascal on our POP 11/70." (* 77/8/17*) 

Barbara I. Karkutt, Box 942, Easton, PA 18042: "Am interested in the Pascal compiler for 

the 2-80 microcomputer." (* 77/6/6 *) 

Doug Kaye, DuArt Film Labs Inc., 245 W. 55th Street, New York, NY 10~19~ "I 

anxiously 

await Newsletter #9 with writeups about PASCAL on Data General gear. ( 77/7/21 *) 

Ed Keith, Citrus College, 18824 E. Foothill Blvd., Azusa, CA 91702: "Please send data on 

av~ility of compilers, assemblers etC. I have a XEROX 560, IMSAI 8080, SWIPC 6800." 

(* 77/4/28 *) 

am interested 

Thomas J. Kelly, Jr.: 120 East Street Road, C3-9, Warminster, PA 18974: "I 

in obtaining a Pascal compiler for any Burroughs computer; especially for the B5500, 

B6700, or B7700." (* 77/5/16 *) 

\Jl

Peter Klauberg. c/o B qt.ch. Ilectdcitaet.-Wertle. Ueberseering U. ~IOOO llallburg 

60. Germany: "My iaceaUoo to u.e PASCAL. is to introduce tbe ph11oeopllJ 01 .uuctured 

programming to out cOIIIIIIercial COBOL-progralDlllers. ror tbis rusoo tile ,AICM. ...t be 

able to cOlllllUnicate "ith normal IBM datasets. 

"My question to you is: Do you know a working PASCAL compllet for ooa t. J1O/U8 SYSf" 

(*77/6/16*) 

Jerry LeVan. Dept. of Math. Sciences. E88tem Kentucky Univ.. 81~. Itl 4047J: "t 

would liketo know 1£ anybody has PASCALrunning under RSTS/E 011a POI' 11/70 (or ., 

etc.)" (* 77/S/2*) 

Donald Lindsay. Dynalogic Corporation Ltd.. 141 Bentley Ave.. Ott Ontario. Canada 

K2E 6T7: "I am interested in M6800 Pascal. 1 bave an incompleta i...l8aeotUion of 

Brinch Hansen's Sequential Pascal. Due to the press of other work. 1 would be Just as 

happy to purchase a compiler. (It would have to' be commercially viabl..)" (* 77/6/22 *) 

David Lippincott. Information Control Systems. 313 N. First Str.ac. ADD Arbor. Kichigan 

48107: '~e are a computer typesetting firm upgrading to an .. y.t uaknowa machine. We 

will be writing an opersting system so any information of similar applications would 

facilitate my attempts at convincing otbers that Pasc.l "ovld be a good choice." 

(* 77/7/23 *) 

R. A. Lovestedt. 20427 51 192, Renton. ~. 980SS: '~ill be starting a P4 

interpreter on HP30oo." (* 77/S/24 *) 

Tim L. Lowery. Applications Prog. Group. 110 Love Building, CoIIputt8(! Ceater. 'lorida 

State Univ.. Tallahassee. FL 32306: '~e are very interest.d ia acquiring a Pascal 

implementationfor 8080 development. since Pascal i8 the favorite sad dominant language 

amongthe computersciencestudents."(* From a lettertoPUG r 'eter lach_ister, 

77/7/20 *) 

Bruce Mackenzie. ComputervisionCorporation. 201 Burlintoa Boate 62. Bedford. MA 

01730: '~e will be implementing PASCAL-P4 on Data General loYA'. aDd MaVA compatible 

machines. running under our own operating system. We will ai.o be ...tng lilog'. Z80 in 

the near future. PASCAL has been mentioned for it. Do you kacw of aqyoaa planning to 

implement PASCAL for the Z80? 

"I found a little bit of information for you: Ted P.rk of Loa LiDda. California has a 

PCODE interpreter and assembler written in (Data General) ECLIPSE ...embl, language and 

running under ROOS. It took them about a month of work. I.d .aid b. "ould "rite you 

directly." (* 77/8/9 *) 

Ian MacMillan. P.O. Box 128. Mount Royal. Quebec, Canada B3R 2T6: .". are NDDing Pascal 

under NOS (* CDC 6000 operating system *). How do you ..t tbat interactive?" 

(* 77/4/28 *) 

Mark T. Marshall, 18229 Topham St.. Reseda. CA 9133S. "I am 8Oi81 to be using the 

COMPUTER AUTOMATIONLSI 4/90." (* 77/8/29 *) 

Jim McCord. SystemetricS Inc.. 120 E. de la Guerra Street. Santa Barbara. CA 93101: "I'm 

a hobbyist with an LSI-11 (POP-I1-03)with dual floppie.. If anybody know. of a version 

of Pascal that will run on this machine. I'd like to bear about it. (e.peciallyif it's 

cheap). (* 77/9/7 *) 

Brian Meekin~s. Dept. of COBpyter Studies. Univ. of Lancaster. lailr1gg, Lancaster. 

England.UK LA1 4YX:"I tookadvantageof the fact thatwe havean eatbyaiasticPascal 

faction here to collect some subscriptions. (* NINE were encloaad. *) Incidentally. is 

there a student subscriptionrate_ome of our undergraduatesmay "all be interested." 

(* There isn't. but where else can a student get a atudent ratethatis much 

cheaper?*) (* 77/S/18 *) 

C. A. Miller, Nuclear Research Centre, Dept. of Physica. Univ. of Alberta. Edmonton. 

Alberta, T6G 2N5. Canada: ''Our computing equipment giving riseto my interestin PASCAL 

consists of three OATAGENERALEclipses." (* 77/6/8 *) 

David Miller. ll203A Avalanche Way. Columbia. MD 21044: "Please sign me up for the 

PASCALUser'sGroup.I'vebeenso busydevelopingPASCAL(relocatable. for OEC 11/45) 

..d a. application sy.tem. I failed to notice the Group has groom so much. ,.i88l1, got 

to reading .ome SIGPLMI notice.. and ran across your letter." (* 77/5/22 *) 

Carlton~, 203 North Gregory. Urbana. IL 61801: "We are working on Psscal compll.r 

for miero-proce.sors.It is a highlyoptimiz.dcrosscompil.rrunningon tha B6700 

(Burroughs). Currently I am looking for venture capital to get it on tbe markat. 1 will 

lat you have more details when we are ready to snnounce it." (* 77/8/22 *) 

J. ~. Dept. of Computer Sciences. Painter Hall 3.28, Univ. of Texas at Austin, 

Austin. TX 78712: "I would appreciate receiving any information about Pascal 

implementation 

NOVA computers. 

neur departmenthas recently acquired two NOVA's for which we wisb to get the 

compilers.The size of P-compilerwodld probably make it prohibitive for the I09A's. If 

you know of any existing implementation,please send us the iaformation." (* 77/8/29 *) 

Tom Kober~. Academic Computing. Grinnell College. Grinnell, IA SOlIZ: '~e are looking 

for a PASCALsystem which will run on our POP 11/70 (RSTS/E)." (* 77/6/7 

*)." 

Gerald Nadler, RBMS Research Center. Brandeis Univ. .Waltham. MA 02154: "... I was 

hoping that a list was a available of Pascal implementationson machin.. ocher than CDC 

and POP-I0's." (* 77/8/18 *) 

Brian Nelson. Computer Services. 2801 W. Bancroft Street. U. of To1.do. Toledo. OR 

43606: "I am trying to locate a Pa.cal compiler for use on a POP 11/70 .Dd a POP 

11/40." (* 77/6/2 *) 

John W. Nunnally. Harding College, Box 744. Searcy. AR 72142: '~arding ColI... h88 Just 

ordered a PASCAL compiler from Oregon Museum of Science and Industry (0161). It .is a 

mdified version of ESl's implementationthat is suppo.ed to run uadar RSta/. 'ef:a1oo 

6B (with the RT-l1 emulator). We will let you know how it goes." (* 77/S/2S *) 

Carol Anne Ogdin. Sofewar. Technique. Inc.. 100 Pommander Walk. Al ndria. VA 11314: 

am preparing some material for publication on PASCAL for micro. in IIIf capacity as 

Consulting Editor of Hini-Kicro Systemsand 1IDi." (*From a not.toPUG r Pster 

Zechmeister. 77/6/1S. *) 

Shmuel Pele~. COBputer Science Center. University of Maryland. College Part. 6Jl88: "IIy 

agency is planning to try Pascal a. a systems implementation language on IBK 360 and 

.everal minicomputers of varying architecture. Pascal's main attraction to u. now is 

systems portability. (* 77/9/1 *) 

Walter F. prautsch. Albertinenestrasse29. 0-1000 Berlin 37. Germany. 

"I would lik. to 

mention that I am working in the field of syste~imulation (methodology. applications 

in the field of urban and regional planning). If you know any people using PASCAL for 

the development of .imulation-.ystems (eYent-oriented as well as continuoua). please 

let me know tbeir addresses." (* 77/6/10 *) 

Bruce K.!!!l.. Polymorphic Computer 5'.t P. O. Box 3S81. Boulder. CO 8OJ03: "t 811 

interestedin developinga PASCALcompilerfor use withthe NOVA-..riescomputer.and 

am therefore intereated in anything and everything which may help me in the task. Is 

there a PASCAL written in a mini-PASCAL (.ubset)which is available which would be 

easierto boot.trap.and if .0. who.bow,where.and how much." (* 77/8/16 *) 

Harlan R. Ribnik, P.O. Box 3182, Boulder. CO 80307. "1 am a graduate .tudent in Computer 

Science at the University of Colorado working on an implementationof a PASCAL to JANUS 

compiler. 1 W88 informed by .omeone 1 met on the coe PLATO system tbat 1 might be able 

to get .ome informationfrom you regarding tbe PASCALUsers' Group." (* 77/8/19 *) 

Bo ROjder. ABAtomenergi. Fack. 611 01 Nykoping 1. Sweden: "ABAtomenergi is a re.earcb 

and development center for nuclear and other energy forms. At our data center 

"e 

have a 

CDC CYBIR 172 with 131 K memory. and NOS 1.2 operating system. We plan to install 

Pascal on it and hereby apply for membership in Pascal User's Group. as individuals or 

as aa organization. whichever the policy of PUG is." (* 77/8/22 *) 

"I 

110 

.. 

...... 

o

Peter Rouschmayer, Luitpold~YlIDasium, Seeaustrasse I, D-IIOOUMunchen, Germany: 

''We 

A PDP got: 

11/34with 64 kWords Core, 2 Disks RK05, a LAl80 Lineprinter and 7 VI50 screens. 

RSTS/E Release 6B, BASIC+. 

''We ought to: teach Informatica to our pupils aged 10 to 20. 

''We would like to get: a PASCAL-Compiler, interactive if possible, running in RSTS if 

possible. 

"Can you help us?" (* 77/4/2 *) 

Bernie Rosman, Math/CS Dept., Framingham State College, Framingham, MA 01701: "I'm 

trying to get (CDC 6000) Pascal 2 for Mass. State Gollege Computer Network (Cyber 

72,73). Currently, we have Pascal-Release 1 update 11 which has some bugs; e.g., SQRT 

doesn't work (fixed by KSCCN). Alao: we're now using Pascal in data structures and CS 

II (2nd semester-freshman) courses. We have, however, not yet switched to Pascal in CS 

I. Finally, we hope to install Pascal on our new PDP-ll/34." (* 17/5/31 *) 

David J. Rypka, Dept. of Computer and Info. Science, 2036 Neil Ave. Mall, Columbus, Ohio 

43210: "I am an active user of a DEe-l0 version and would like to find other versions 

and documentation for tbe DEe-l0." (* 17/14/6*) 

Carlos Scheel, Depto de Sistemas, Instituto Tecnologico de Monterrey, Sucursal J, 

Monterrey, Mexico: '~e would like to bave the compiler of the PASCAL system; please 

mail me back all the information and prices, manuals, etc." (* 17/8/8 *) 

Barry Searle, TowerC Floor lOC, Transport Canada, Section TASX, Place de Ville, Ottawa, 

Ontario KIA ON8, Canada:'~heCanadianDept.of Transportwillbe convertingto Pascal 

on PDP-ll equipment." (* 7718/25 *) 

David Segal, III Third Ave. lilt, New York, NY 10003: "I am planning to get a 

microcomputer and would like to implement something more useful than BASIC for it to 

think in. I first heard about Pascal while trying to track down informationon anotber 

decent language,BCPL. In ~ BCPL search 1 talked to Art Evans and Bob Morgan at Bolt, 

BeranekandNewmanin Cambridge, Mass. From them1 gatheredthatBCPLcompilers aren't 

so easy to come by on small machines, but that Pascsl is implementedon several 

PDP-11's. That was heartening since tbe microcomputer I'm most interested in is a 

PDP-11 look-alike with respect to instruction set. . . . If you happen to know of any 

already existing Pascalimplementations 

a microcomputer, or anybodyworkingon one, 

please let me know about it." (* 17/8/18 *) 

Bruce Seiler, UCLA Dept. of Cbemistry, Los Angeles, CA 90024: "I am interested in tbe 

implementation of PASCAL on microprocessorbased systems." (* 77/5/23 *) 

Michael~, 751 Wasbington, No. 115, Arlington, TX 76011: "I have a confession to 

make--I don't have any idea what PASCAL is. I work with the huge Insane Businesa 

Monsters and tinker with ~ own Altair. There has been so much discussion of PASCAL in 

Dr. Dobb's Journal during the past year, that 1 finally broke down and wrote you. 

Please enter a subscription to your newsletter for me, and send me the details about 

your PUG." (* 17/8/15 *) 

David Elliot ~, Structured Systems Corp., 343 Second St.- Suite K, Los Altos, CA 

94022: "You are performing a welcome service for the" community of Pascal users, 

implementors, fans. . . .' 

On the accompanyingsheet we describe (ss compactly as possible) the 

PASCAL-SS compiler for the PDP-H." (* 17/7/12 *) 

STRUCTURED SYSTEMS 

Jeffrey G. Shaw, P.O. Box 2678, Menlo Park, CA 94025: "Could you direct me to an 

individual or group that might bave a Pascalcompilerfor the 8080 or 280 micros?" 

(* 17/8/18 *) 

Evan L. Solley, The Life Support Systems Group, Ltd., 2432 NW Johnson, Portland, OR 

97210: "... Also enclosed is a write-up and sample listing for a PASCAL 

cross-referencer we developed some time ago. It is an extension of Wirth's PCREF, which 

we find much more usable. Its symbol tables are currently set up to process ESI Pascal 

(V5.5) for RT-ll, but can be easily modified for use with other compilers. 

"The program is licensed and distributed in ASCll source form for a fee of $25.00. 

Distributablemedia include magtape (9 track 800 bpi), DECtape, RK05 cartridge, or card 

deck (800 cards). Media sbould be provided by Licensees. RT-11 users will additionally 

receive a special executable version, witb CSI and CCL interface to version 3 of 

and LSSG's at-Ux extension of version 2C." (* 77/4/23 *) 

Tom §D~~ier, Electronics Systems Division, Harris Corp., P.O. Box 37, Melbourne, FL 

)2901: arris Corp. headquartershas issued a corporate directive that Pascal is our 

language. There are over 100 computer centers in the corporation. It will be used for 

systems levsl development initially and then in applications areas." (* 77/6/21 *) 

JohnP. StalliDK8, Tymshare, Corporate Offices, 20705 Valley Green Drive, Cupertino, CA 

Y5014: "Once again I find myself potentially involved in a project concerning Pascal 

and bave decided that it is past time for me to associate myself with an appropriate 

sourceof information. 

"Could you tell me how to go about joining the Pascal User's Group, and if possible, 

how to obtain a list of available Pascal compilers for the PDP-llt" (* 77/7/18 *) 

Rod Steel, KS 60-456, Tektronix Inc., P.O. Box 500, Beaverton, OR 97077: "I have a 

partially debugged version of Mike Ball and Co.'s Concurrent Pascal cross-compilerfor 

the Interdeta 7/16 running on our DEC KLI0 (translated from Sequential Pascal to the 

lower case version of PASREL)." (* 7715/31 *) 

W. Richard Stevens. Kitt Peak National Observatory, P.O. Box 26732, Tuscan, AZ 85726: 

(* What follows is extracted from an article Richard wrote for the Kitt Peak Computing 

lewsletter *) '~he PASCAL language, because of features designed into it, has the 

ability to detect programming errors that would be undetected by any FORTRAN system. 1 

have personally found that this feature alone cuts in half the time needed to develop a 

new program." (* 77/1/3 - The article mentions other features of PASCAL which make it 

useful at Kitt Peak. *) 

Peter Sumner, InterdetsComputers Pty. Ltd., 30 Kings Park Rd., West Perth, Western 

Australia 6005: "I was delighted to discover the existence of your User's Group as 

there are a number of interested Interdata customers in Australia. In fact, a Pascal 

compiler is currently under development at the University of Melbourne, Dept. of 

Computer Science." (* 77/5/3 *) 

Markku Suni, Computer Centre, Univ. of Turku, SF-20500 Turku SO, Finland: "Since I am 

intereated in Pascal and have spent some nice hours kitbashing our Pascal compiler, I 

would like to join in. . Wehave here a PDP-ll with KA processor, 128Kw of core, 2 

RP03 discs, one TUI0 mag tape unit, card reader, line printer, and usual sortiment of 

terminals." (* 77/4/28 *) 

Rodney Thayer, Central Research Group, P.O. Box 451, Harvard, MA 01451: 

RI-ll 

"A few people in 

~ area (~self included) are investigatingR. E. Berry's U. of Lancaster PASCAL for 

the Data General NOVA. If 1 am closer than England for somebody, they are welcome to 

writeto me to findout about LancasterPASCAL."(* 77/7/7 *) 

Mike Tiller, 2501 I. Lancaster Ln. No. 178, Plymouth, MN55441: "Interested in Pascal 

for NOVA/ECLIPSE." (* 77/7/14 *) 

Martin Tuori, Behavioral Sci. Div., Defence and Civil Inst. of EnvirdnmentalMedicine, 

P.O. Bo~O, Downsview, Ontario, M3M3B9, Canada: '~e will be running ESI Pascal 

under RSX11M, as soonas ESI has it ready." (* 77/7/26 *) 

~. ~ ~ at Austin: (* The statistics from their newsletter indicate that Pascal 

and Pascal 2 accounted for 5% of their total use in March 1977. *) 

James A. Vellenaa, System Development, Data 100 Corp., Box 1222, Minneapolis, MN 55440: 

(* He reports thatthereis a classin Pascalat Data 100.Ten to fifteen people were 

enrolled. Nine membershipscamefrompeopleat the company.*) 

Kenneth R. ~, Computer Science Dept., Fitchburg State College, Fitchburg, MA 

01420:"Although1 havenot usedPASCAL much, 1 havebecomequiteinterestedin it from 

talking to ProfessorBergeron of the University of New Hampshire. (Hehas been 

madifying a DEC System-10 compiler written in Germany.) 

"I intend to teach PASCAL in my Data Structures course and later in ~ Systems 

Programming course on a CDC Cyber 72. As a teaching device, 1 think it is far superior 

to any of the other standard languages." (* 77/6/29 *) 

Qo 

'It: 

...... 

C)

Walter Wehin~er, Pfaffenwaldring64, RechenzentrumUni Stuttgart, 0-7000 Stuttgart 80, 

Germany: '~e are running PASCAL 6000.3.4 modified by T. A. Nemeth Uni Adelaide, so we 

have only minor INTERCOM problems (e.g.,EOL-definition).We switched over to NOS/BE 

1.0 L.420 without problems." 

David H. Welch, P.O. Box 721, Colton, CA 92324: "In the August issue of "Microcomputer 

sees Interface' the existance of your group, its quarterly newsletter, and dues of 

54.00/yr were mentioned. I"m interested in learning more about Pascal and 1 think your 

newsletter might be useful." (* 77/9/2 *) 

Richard West Small Terminal Engineering,Comterm Ltd., 147 Hymus Blvd., Montreal 730, 

Quebec,--ca~ada: Our softwareteamhas decidedto changeoverto usingPASCAL to write 

our systems packages. . . . I would like to have copies of . . . back issues so that we 

can find the most economlcalway of obtaining PASCAL for our POP-ll DOS system and for 

a variety of mlcroprocessors."(* 77/6/20 *) 

Hans-Wilm Wipperman, Univ. of Kaiserslautern, 

Germany: "German Chapter of ACM is planning a 

shall inform you about details later on. If (* 

details of the 77/10/14 meeting. *) 

Pfaffeuberstr.95, D-6750 Kaiserslautern, 

meeting concerned with PASCAL. .1 

77/5/20 - See the Conferences section for 

Louis F. Wo1naroski,Mental Health Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann 

Arbor, MI 48109: "1 am interestedin implementingPascalon my Prime-300.1 wouldlike 

to get more informationon the hypothetical stack machine code (pascal-P1 believe) and 

any macrogenerating systems before I attempt to order a particulartape from PUG." 

(* 77/6/27 *) 

Joan Zimmerman, MUMPS Users' Group, Biomedical Computer Laboratory, 700 South Euclid, 

St. Louis, MO 63110: "1 have never heard of any other group obsessed with a single 

language apart from ours: we are all involved with MUMPS as described in the enclosed 

Pocket Guide (additional copies $1) and Book of MUMPS (additional copies $2). 

'~e have about 250 paying members ($25 annual fee), but about 5000 people 

mailing list. A member has asked me to find out for him if anyone has written 

PASCAL. If you know of anyone who has, or could query your members about this, 

appreciate any positive information." (* 77/8/22 *) 

on our 

MUMPS in 

1 would 

~arl L. Zinn, Center for Research on Learning and Teaching, University of Michigan, 109 

EastMadisonStreet,Ann Arbor,MI 48109:"I am workingon usesof PASCAL in personal 

computingas wellas in introcourses."(* 77/8/15 *) 

CONFERENCES 

German Chapter of the ACM, a meeting on Pascal. 

(* This is rather late notice, but we'll hope that interested members will at least be 

able to attend the conference,if not submit papers. *) Meeting October 14, 1977 in 

Kaiserslautern. Papers will include such subjects as "Implementations," "Pascal in 

Schools," "Applications," and "Pascal and Microcomputers." For more information get in 

contact with G. Nees, German Chapter of the ACM, c/o Siemans AG, E 54, Mozartstr. 33/b, 

D-8520 Erlangen, Germany; or H.-W. Wippermann, UniversitatKaiserslautern,Informatik, 

Pfaffenbergstr.,Gebaude 14, D-6750 Kaiserslautern,Germany. (* Our thanks to Hans-Wilm 

Wippermann for keeping us informed about the conference. We hope to have a report from 

the conference in No. 11. *) 

Pascal Day or Pascal Workshop, McMaster Univ., Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. 

(* From a letter from Nick Solntseff *) "I am starting to plan a 'Pascal Day' or a 

"Pascal Workshop" to be held at McMaster on March 3, 1978. 1 will be getting in touch 

with the Regional ACM group and the IEEE Computer Society, to see if they want to 

sponsor it. I am thinking of asking for brief reports on implementations, use of Pascal 

for teaching, etc." (* For more information, write to Nick Solntseff, Dept. of Applied 

Mathematics, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4Kl; or call (416) 

525-9140. *) 

Report on IFIP conference, Aug. 8-12, 1977, Toronto. 

(* Thanks for this report to Nick Solntseff *) "I did not have too much interest shown 

at IFIP in a meeting of PUG, but I am not really surprised as it was almost impossible 

to get in touch even with people one knew were at the conference. 

"The computerized message system was terrible to say the least, but anyone interested 

should have seen my manual notice on the general notice board. 

"In all, I gathered nine people over coffee in the hospitality lounge at various times, 

but decided that a more formal meeting was not called for." 

Meeting of the Pascal sub-group, AFCET, Nice, France, June 13-14, 1977. 

(* PUG member Olivier Lecarme, IMAN, University of Nice, Parc Valrose, F-06034 - Nice 

CEDEX, France, has sent us a bulletin, which he publishes regularly before meetings of 

the sub-group, of articles to serve as a basis of discussion for the meeting of the 

sub-group. lIe'll try to get word to you in advance of the next meeting, but in the 

meantime, if you wish to receive the bulletin and/or be notified of meetings, write to 

Olivier Lecarme. *) 

Titles of Articles: 

"The language Pascal as support for teaching introductory programming," R. Rousseau. 

"The future of Pascal (extensions and standardization)," Andy ~1ickel. 

"Some tools for users of Pascal at Rennes," l'equipe Simone. 

"Simulator of machines in Pascal," D. Thalmann. 

"Pascal/Cll-Iris 80 and 10070," P. Maurice. 

IrApplication of parallel algorithms to three simple problems, 11 J. Bezivin, J. L. Nebut, 

and R. Rannou. 

"One year of using the language Simone at Rennes: Judgment and perspectives," J. 

Bezivin, J. L. Nebut, andR. Rannou. 

BOOKS AND ARTICLES 

We've had no news from David Barron. Rich Stevens supplied us with one item. George 

Richmond's bibliography, which we didn't have room for in No.3, appears separately. A 

price list for some formerly out-of-printdocumentationappears under IMPLEMENTATIONS 

LANGUAGES 

Brinch Hansen, Per, The Architecture of Concurrent Programs, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: 

August 1977, 366 pp.~16.95. (Prentic;-Hall) 

(* From the publisher"s blurb *) ". . . detailed handbook showing you how to develop 

simple and reliable operating systems from scratch using Concurrent Pascal. 

11 

"Proceedings of the All-Union Symposium on Implementation Techniques for New 

Programming Languages," Novosibirsk 1975, English translation published by 

Springer-Verlag as Volume 47 of their Lecture Notes in Computer Science. (* PUG member 

Arthur Brown, who had offered to abstract the Russian, sent us news of the English 

translation in lieu of the abstract. We'll try to get more information for No. 11. 

TEXTBOOKS 

(* A Summary of all known Pascal textbooks, partly reprinted from newsletters5-8 *) 

Atwood, J. W., Standard Pascal, to be published. (* Note: we haven't heard anything new 

about this book.For moreinformation,writeto J. W. Atwood,Dept.of Comp.Sci.,Sir 

GeorgeWilliamsCampus,ConcordiaUniv.,Montreal,Quebec,Canada H3G 1M3. *) 

Conway, Richard C., David Gries,and E. C. Zimmerman,! Primer on Pascal, Winthrop, 

1976, 448 pp., paper, $9.95. 

An introduction to Pascal for non-programmerswhich in spite of its length fails to 

cover any data structures besides arrays. A rewrite of a book based on PL/C which still 

carries the smell of PL/I--a foreward stating the contrary notwithstanding. 

(/) 

I'T1 

--c 

-I 

I'T1 

::;: 

00

Bowles, Ken (U. of Calif., San Diego), Introduction to Computer Science, to be published 

by Springer-Verlag in October 1977. 

A complete introduction to Pascal for non-programmers using an interactive graphics 

approach and the Keller teaching method. 

Kieburtz, Richard, Structured Prop;ramming and Problem Solving with Pascal, to be 

published by Prentice-Hallsometime in 1977. For more information, write Richard 

Kieburtz, Dept. of Compo Sci., SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794. 

A rewrite of a book by the same name on PL/I. 

Schneider, G. Michael, Steven W. Weingart, and David M. Perlman, Introduction ~ 

Prop;ramminp; and Problem Solvinp;with PASCAL, New York: Wiley, to be published in 

January 1978. A camera-ready copy of the manuscript can be obtained by writing Gene 

Davenport, Editor, John Wiley and Sons Publishers, 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 

10016. The manuscript may, with written permission, be duplicated for class use until 

the publication date. 

A complete introductionto Pascal for computer science majors. 

Webster, C.A.G., Introduction to Pascal, Heyden, 1976. $11.00, 5.50, DM35.00. 

A book for beginning computer science majors which received a bad review in Pascal 

Newsletter No. 8 because, among other things, there are numerous errors and the old 

language definitionwas used. 

Wirth, Niklaus, Systematic Programming:An Introduction,Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice 

Hall, 1973, 169 pp., $13.96. 

(* From the preface *) IIA book which introduces programming as the art or technique of 

formulating algorithms in a systematic manner, recognizingthat it is a discipline in 

its own right." (* This introductorybook only covers Pascal through arrays *) 

Wirth, Niklaus, Alp;orithms + Data Structures = Programs, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice 

Hall, 1976, 366 pp., $16.50. ---- 

(* From the cover *) ". . . lucid, systematic, and penetrating treatment of basic and 

dynamic data structures, sorting, recursive algorithms, language structures, and 

compilers. 

" 

IMPLEMENTATIONS 

Price List .2!l Reports of Interest--hard-to-get implementation information: 

Through the courtesy of George H. Richmond and his co-workers Karin Bruce and Michele 

Dowd, reprints of some hard-to-get Pascal documentation is now available. Write to: 

Karin and Michele--Pascal Distribution 

Computing Center Library: 3645 Marine St. 

Univ. of Colorado, 

Boulder, CO 80309 

or call (303) 492-8131. 

(* These all can be ordered from North America at the price listed. All others must 

include overseas postage. *) 

"Pascal-S, A Subset and its Implementation," 63 pages,N. Wirth, ETH, June 1975, $6.50. 

(* Includes an entire listing of a Pascal-S compiler/interpreter in Pascal. *) 

"On Code Generation in a Pascal Compiler," 42 pages, U. Ammann, ETH, April 1976, $4.00. 

(* Description of the internal design and performance of Pascal-6000 *) 

liThe Pascal-P Compiler Lcplementation Notes," 65 pages, ETH, December 1974, revised 

July 1976 by K. V. Nori, et. al., $5.50. 

(* Describes the portable Pascal compiler and interpreter. *) 

(* Letter received from David Barron - 77/7/25 *) 

"I am sorryI have not been able to write earlier with news of the publication of the 

Proceedings of the Pascal Symposium. We had hoped that these would appear in the 

Springer-Verlag 'LectureNotesin ComputerScience,'but after an initial favourable 

reaction Springer delayed, and have finally declined to publish. However, I am pleased 

to be able to report that Wiley-Intersciencehave agreed in principle to publish the 

proceedings.I am currently discussing details with them, and hope to be able to give 

you firm details very shortly." 

APPLICATIONS 

Barth, Jeffrey M., "Shifting Garbage Collection to Compile Time," CACM, 20:7 (July 

1977),pp. 513-519. 

Algorithms expressed in Pascal. 

Biedl, Albrecht, "An Extension of Programming Languages for Numerical Computation in 

Science and Engineering with Special Reference to Pascal,1I SIGPLAN Notices, 12:4 (April 

1977), pp. 31-33. 

A description of how to carry attributes of computation such as temperature, energy, 

fuel consumption, etc., and units expressing these attributes such as celsius, kelvin, 

joules, liters per km with numerical quantities used in scientific and engineering 

problems. This circumvents problems which arise in dealing only with pure 

(dimension-less) real numbers in current programming languages. 

Brownlee, J. Nevil, "An ALGOL-Based Implementationof SNOBOL4 Patterns, 

(July 1977), pp. 527-529. 


Bulman, David M., "Stack Computers," IEEE's Computer, May 

Suggests that new machines introducedby semicJnductor 

'Pascal machines' instead of stack machines because the 

for a 'hypotheticalstack machine' and manufacturers may 

LSI technology, like the hypotheticalone. 

IT ~, 20:7 

1977. 

manufacturers may be called 

Pascal compiler generates code 

start building machines, using 

Gries, David, and Narain Gehani, "Some Ideas ort Data Types in High Level Languages," 

CACM, 20:6 (June 1977), pp. 414-420. 


Hueras, Jon, and Henry Ledgard, "An Automatic Formatting Programming for Pascal, SIGPLAN 

Notices, 12:7 (July 1977), pp. 101-105. 

A larger descriptionof the pretty printer announced as available for distribution in 

Pascal Newsletter 6, page 70. (* This and the other article below from the July issue 

were drawn to our attention by PUG member Harry M. Murphy. *) 

Leventhal, Lance A., "Talk Your Computer's Language," Kilobaud, August 1977, pp. 34-38. 

Mentions Pascal as one high-level language used on small computers, and urges readers 

to be aware of it. 

Peterson, James L. , and Theodore A. Norman, "Buddy Systems," 

pp. 421-431. 

Algorithm in Pascal. 

f!9:!" 

20:6 (June 1977), 

Singer, A, J. Hueras, andH. Ledgard, !fA Basis for Executing Pascal Programmers,SIGPLAN 

Notices, 12: 7 (July 1977), pp. 101-105. 

A set of guidelines for standard naming, formatting and commenting conventionsin 

Pascalprogramsand why programmers should adhere to them. 

Surden, Esther, "Software Thievery Cited as Thorny Hobbyist Problem," Computer World, 

June 6, 1977. 

A report on the National Computer Conference, whjch lists Pascal as a programrndng 

language available on personal computers, but which says that there are few 

implementations of it so far. 

Tennent, R. D., "Language Design Methods Based on Semantic Principles," to appear in 

Acta Informatica, 1977. (* Rich Stevens let us know about this one. *) 

(* from the summary. *) "Two language design methods based on principles derived from 

the denotation approach to programmdng language semantics are described and illustrated 

by an application to the language Pascal. The principles are, firstly, the 

correspondencebetween parametric and declarative mechanisms, and secondly, a principle 

of abstraction for programmdng languages adapted from set theory. Several useful 

extensions and generalizations of Pascal emerge by applying these principles, including 

a solution to the array parameter problem, and a modularization facility."

PASCAL NEWS #9 & #10 SEPTEMBER,1977 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Literature about the Prog,.ammi ng Language Pa5ce I .January 1977 

- 

George H. Richmond, University of Colorado Computing Center 

Ammann. U., liT". Method of St"uctured PF'Ogrammtng ApI') fed to the 

Dev"lopment of a Cempt lftf'8. ."International C08ftPuttRg Symp08tUla 1973., 

Gunther. at al., Eds. I pp. 93-99 North Holland (1974) 

Ammann, U.. IIDte Entlillicklung eines Pasca1-Compi lers nee" dltr Methode des 

strukturt.,.ten ProOl"ammterens. ETH-Dtsa. 5458 (1975) 

PAGE 10 

MacLennan. B. tJ.. iliA Note on Dynamic Arravs in Pascatll, SIGPLAN NOTICES 

-10.., 9, pp. 39-40 (Sept_label" 1915) 

Mance I , P., Thibault. D., IITrc:..,sport diu" comp,tlateur PASCAL. EcrU en 

PASCAl coe 6400 sur un CII IRIS 80., The.. de Docteur Ingenteur, 

Unlv.relt. 

d'u" 

Parle Vl (197~) 

Mar",'.,., E.. iliA Progr8RI Veri fter for Pascal., Infor_tion proc...tng 74 

(IFIP COngress 197~).. North-Holland (197~) 

Mi eke 1, A., "Pascal News let tel"" , Uni vel's i ty of Mtnn.sota CoIIputer 

Cent.r. Mlnneapolte; No. 5 (sePtember 1978). No. 8 (Nov_r 19:8) (e.. 

G. RI ChIllOnd) 

Ammann., U., "On COde Generation in a PASCAL Compiler", Bericht. de. Moister, T., Sundvor, V., "Unit Paacal System for the Univac 1108 

Instituts fur Informattk, Hr. 13, efH Zurich (April 1916) Computer". TR01Sk Hotat 1/74, Institutt for Databehandling, 

Universitetet I Tronh..tm, Norway (February 1974) 

Bacl'1mann, K. H., "Dte Programmiersprachen Pascal und A1001 6S-, 

Akademie-Ver1ag, Berlin (1976) Nagel, H.-H.. "Pascal for the DEe-System 10, Exper1ences and Further 

Plans., Mitteilung N 21, Institut fur Infcrmatik, Untverattat Hamburg 

Burger, F., "Pascal Mai1ua1 , Department of COmPuter Sctences, TR-22. (November 1975) 

The University "". of Texas at Austin " (.JuIV 1973) 

E:'Jrger, W. F., "SOBSW- A Parser Generator', Department of Computer 

Sciences, SESlTR-7. The University of Texasat Austin (Decefl't)er 1974) 

Bron, C.. de Vries, W., 

"A Pasca' Campt 1er for PDP11 Minic:omputer&., 

Department of Electrical Engtneeriog, Twente universtty of Techno'og~, 

En.chade. Netherlands (1974); SOFTWARE-PRACTICEAND EXPERIENCE -e-. I. 

pp. 109-118 (~anuary 1978) 

Conway, R.. Gries, D., Zimmerman, E., p,.imer on PASCA1.", Winthrop 

Publ ishers. Inc., CaMbriaoe. Massachusetts 

"A 

«1(78) 

Desjardins, P., 

"A Pascal Campi IeI' for the X8flo-.. Stoma 6", SIGPLAN 

NOTICES -8-. 6. p~. 34-36 (1973) 

Deyeri'l. R. S.. H8rtme"n,'A. C.. -Interpretiye PASCAL for the IBM 37.t)", 

Information Science Technical Reporot No.8, Californta Instttut-. of 

Technology (1973) 

Feteretsen. L.. .Implementation of PASCAL on the pop 11/45., OECUS 

COnfer...c.. ZuriCh, pp. 259 (September 1974) 

Findlay, W., 'The Performanc;e of Pesce1 Programson the MULTUM-. Report 

No.6. COI:IpUtlng Det>..rt nt. Unlv.rslty of G1asllOw. Scott_ ("u1y 1974) 

Frie&lan~, G.. 60t al., lOAPascal Compi leI' Bootstrapped on 8 DEC-System 

10". lecture "'ote8 in Compute" Science -1-, PI). 101-1'3. Sprtnger-Ver'.g 

(1974) 

Friesland, G.. Sengler, H.-E.. "Zur Uebertraoung yon Compilern durch 

Selbstcompi laticn am Beisptel des PASCAl-Compi lers", Institut fuel" 

lnfol"mat~k des Universitaet HamburQ, report 1F1-HH-B-13/74 (December 

11974) 

Grosse-lindemann, C.-O.. Lorenz, P.-W., Nagel, H.-H., Stir'I, P..J.. 

"A 

PASCAL Compi leI" Bootstrapped on a DEC-System10", Fachtagung uber 

Pr-o;Jrammiersproachen, pp. 101-1i3, Lecture Notes in ComputerScience -3-, 

Sprlnger-V.rlag (1974) 

Grosse-lindetnann,C.-O.. Nagel, H.-Hw, .Postlude to a Pascal-Compiler 

Bootstrap on a OEC System-10'. Bericht Hr. 11, Institut fur Informatik, 

Uni versi tat Hamburg, Germany (1974); SOFTWARE-PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE 

-6-, t, ~p. 29-42 (\.Ianuary 1976) 

Habermann, A. N., "Critical Connents On the Progr-lIRI'8tng Language 

Pascal", ACTA INFORMATICA -3-, 1, pp. 47-57 (1973) 

Hansen, P. B., "Ope,.sting System Princip1es", Prentice-Hall, Englewood 

Cliff., New .Jersey (1973) 

Hansen, P. B., liThe Purpose of Concurrent Pascal", SIGPLAN NOTICES -10-, 

6, op. 305-309 (1975) 

Heistad, E., "Pascal 

- 

eyber Verst on", Teknisk Notat S-30~ Forsvarets 

Forskningsinstitutt, Norwegian Defense Research ES'3Iblishment, Kje11er. 

~orway (\.Iune 1913) 

Hikita, T., Ishihata, K., "PASCAL 8000 REFERENCE MANUAL, Version 1.0", 

Teehnica1 Report 76-02, Department of Information Science, Facu1ty of' 

Science, University of Tokyo (Mar-ch 1976) 

Hoaroe, C. A. R., Wirth. N., 

"An Axiomatic .Definition of the Programming 

lan~uage Pascal", ACTA INFORMATICA-2-, 4, pp. 335-355 (1973) 

111 um, K., "En i ntrodukt i on t i 1 programmer t ngssporget Pasca I., Danmarks 

Ingeniorakademi, Aalborg (1973) 

IShihata, K., H'~1ta, T., "Bootstrapping PM' 'Al Using 8 Trunk", 

Technica) Report 76-04, Department of Informetion Sctence. Faculty of 

SCience, univ.rsity of Tokyo (March 1976) 

\.Iensen, K., W11"th, N., 'Pascal User Manual and Report", Lecture Notes in 

Computer science, -18-, Spr1nger-Ver1ag, New York (1974); Springer Study 

Addition (1975) 

Knobe, B.. Yuval, G.. "Making a Cempi ler Indent", Computer 5ctence 

Department, The Hebr-ew Unive"Sity of .Jerusalem, Isra.l (NOVeni)er 1974) 

Kl"istensen, B. B.. Madsen, O. L., .Jensen, Bw 8., Eriksen. S. H., "A 

Short Descriptton of a Translator Writing system (BOBS-System)-. Dai",1 

PB-11, Univerei ty of A,.rhus, Denmark(February1973) 

Kristensen, B. B., Madsen, O. L., .J.nsen, B. B., to. Pesce' Environment 

Machine (P-code)', Detmi PB-28 , University of Aarhu8. Denmark (Apri1 

1974) 

Kristensen, B. B., Madsen, O. L., \.lensen , B. 8.. ErikSen. S. H.. "User 

Manual for the BOBS-System", unpub1tshed Enetish Verston, Uniyerstty of 

Aarhu8, Denmark(Apri 1 1974) 

lecarme, 0., "... langage de programmation Pascal-, Untve...att. de 

Montr.al (1972) 

lecarme, D., "Structured Programming, Programming Teaching, and the 

language pasca!", SIGPlAN NOTICES -9-, 7, pp. 15-21 (.JUly 1974) 

Lecarme, D., Desjardins, P., 'Reply to a Paper by A. N. .Habermann on the 

Programming language Pascal". SIQPLAN NOTICe.S -9-, 10. pp.2'-21 

(October 197~) 

lecerme, 0., Desjardins, P.. "More Comments on the Programraing language 

Pascal", ACTA INF(,"~MATICA-4-. DD. 231-243 (1975) 

Nori, K. V., Ammann, U., \.Iensen, K.. Nageli, H. H.. "The Pascal(P) 

Compiler: Implementatton Notes", No. 10, 8erichte des Instttuts fur 

Informatik. Eidgenossische Techntsche Hochschule, Zurich (December 1974) 

RIchmond, G.. edit., "Pascal Newsletter", University of cotoracto 

Computing Center. Boulder; No. t (,-,anuary 1974). SIGPlAN NOTICES -9-, 3. 

pp. 21-28 (March 197~); No. 2 (M..y 197~). SIGPLAN NOTICES -II-. II. 

pp. 11-17 (November 1974); No.3 (Febru..ry 1975). SIGPLAN NOflCES -11-. 

2. pp. 33-~8 (F.bru..ry 1976); No. 4 (~uly 1978) Ie.. A. Mlck.l) 

Rowland. D., "Pascal for Systems., paper presented at DICUS (Diglt.1 

EquIpment Corporation U...r'e Society) (December 1975) 

Saxena, A. R., Bredt. T. H.. "A Structured SpecUtcetion of a 

Hierarchical o.,erating Syst ", SIGPLAN NOTICES-to-. 8, pp. 3tO-31a 

(~un. 1975) 

Schauer. M.., .PASCAl fuel" Angaenger', Oldenbourg-Ver1ag. WI.n, Muenchen 

(1976) 

Scnt Id, R.. .Implementatlon of the Prooramming LanQuaoe Peace)", l.8ctu.... 

Notes In Economlce and MathematiCal Systems. -75- (1972) 

..SFER PASCAL, Le'langege de programmation PASCAL- C08IPt1.teur pow" 1_ 

-ordln..teure en 10070. IRIS 80.. IRIA (1975) 

SoIntseff, N.. "McMaster Modifications to tne Pacal 8000 3.4 Sv8tem-, 

Computer Science Technical Note 14-CS-2, McMaaterunlv lty. Ontario. 

CaMda (November 1974) 

Takeicht. M., "On the Pot'tabittty of a PASCAL compiler". Proceecttnoe of 

the 18-th- Progr"lM\;ng SyIllPOSI pp. 90-96 (197!5) In "..pan.... 

Takeichi, M., "PASCAL Comp11er for the FACOM 230-38: Implementation 

Nott!s", Internal Report, UniverSity of TOkyo. Departmentof Mathematic 

Engineering and Instrumentation PhysicS (1975) 

Takeichi, M.. "PASCAL -- 

1a\p1ementat.ion and Expertence", Universtty of 

Tokyo, Department of Math.matte Engt-neering and InstrumentattonPhyaics 

( Oecembe r I 975 

) 

Thtbault, Ow. ManceI , P., "IGlP1ementation of II Pascal Compiler 

CII IrIs 60 Computer.. SIGPLAN NOTICES -6-. 6. 

pp. 

89-90 (1973) 

de Vries, Ww, "An Implementation of the 1anguage Pasce1 for the POP 1t 

8~ries, based on a portable Pascal campi 1er", Techntsche Hogeachool 

Tw~tnt., Enschede(March '975) 

Welsh, \.I.. Ouinn, C., 

"A Pascal Compiler for the IeL 1900 Sertes 

Computer", SOFTWARE-PRACTICEAND-EXPERIENCE -2-. 1. pp. 73-77 (1972) 

Wirth, N., Hoare, C. A. R., 

"A 

Contribution to the Deve10pment of 

Algol". COMMUNICATIONSOF THE ACM-9-. 6. pp. ~13-432 (1966) 

Wirth, N.. "The Programming Language Pasca)", ACTA INFORMATICA -1-, 1, 

pp. 3S-63 (1971) 

Wirth, N., "The Design of . Pascal Compiler', SOFTWARE-PRACTICE AND 

EXPERIENCE-1-. 4. pp. 309-333 (1971) 

Wirth. N.. "Pro~ram Development by Step-Wise Refinement". CCltlNUNICATIONS 

OF THE ACM-14-. 4, pp. 221-227 (April 1971) 

Wirth, Nw, "The Programmtng language (..asca1 and Its Design Criteria", 

pl"'esented at the Confer-ence on SoftwBl"'e EngineeI' ing Techni que. (NATO 

Science Committee), Rome (October 1969); published in "High leyel 

Languages". Infotech State of the Art Report 1 (1972) 

Wirth, N., 'Systematisches Programmleren" (T.SChe,.Juch), Teubner-Verlag, 

Stuttgart (1972) 

Wirth, H.. ". Progr inQ Language P.scal (AeviHd aeport)', Mr. 5, 

8erlcht. des Instituts fur Informatlk, Eidgeno..iache Techniache 

HOChschule. Zurich (November 1972) 

Wirth, N., "an Pascal, Code Generation, and the coe 6400 Computer", 

Computer Science Department, STAN-CS-72-257, Stanford UniverSity (t872) 

(out of prtnt, Clearinghouse stock no. P82085t9) 

Wirth, N., "Syste..tic PrOQ,.ammtng~ An IntPOdt.ll::tlon., prentlc.e-Hall, 

Engtewoed Cliff.. Ne. 

"'-rsev 

(t9'73) 

Wirth, N.. "an the Composition 

0' 

We11-Struotul"8d Ppogr , COMPUTING 

SURVEYS -6-. ~. pp. 2~7-260 (Deer 1974) 

wtrth. N.. -Algo,., thmen und Oatenatrukturen", Teubner-Verli11g. Stuttgart 

(1975) 

Wirth, N., "Algorithms + oat.structure. . PrOQ.'.1m.',Prentice-Ha11, 

Eng1ewood Cliff., New "ersey (1975) 

W1rth, N.. "An Assessment of the Programming language Pascal., IEEE 

TRANSACTIONSON SOFTWAREENGINEERING -1-.2. pp. 192-198 (1975); SIGPLAN 

NOTICES -10-. 6. pp. 23-30 (Jun. 1975) 

Wirth, N., "PASCAl-S: A Sub..t and tts 1111)1ementation" , Nr. 12, 

Berlchte des Instituts fur Infor:l1attk, Eldgeno.8ische Technische 

Hochschule. Zurich (,",une 1975) 

Wirth, N., "Comment on A Note on Dynamic Array. in Paacal', SIGPlAN 

NOTICES -11-. I; pD. 37-38 (~..nu..ry 1976) 

'or 

the

PAST ISSUES OFPascal Newsletter (nowPascal News) 

George Richmond, Computing Center, University of Colorado, started Pascal Newsletter 

with issue #1 in January, 1974. He proceeded to produce 3 more issues while doing 

the other thankless chores of distributing 2 Pascal compilers to dozens of sites and 

promoting Pascal in other ways. 

In mid-1975 John Strait and I proposed a Pascal User's Group after having talked to 

several other Pasca1ers around the U.S. At the Minneapolis ACM'75 conference in 

October, 1975, we launched the group at an ad hoc meeting (35 persons) convened by 

Rich Ciche11i and Bob (Warren) Johnson. A year later we began the task of producing 

4 issues of Pascal Newsletter which PUGas a group assumed responsibility for. 

John and I edited the first 2 issues with help from Tim Bonhamon the Implementations 

section. By issue #8 John had less time for the constant demands of the newsletter 

and only promised occasional help, but with #8 Jim Miner, Sara Graffunder, and others 

volunteered to help. With this issue (#9 & #10), we have spread the load quite a bit, 

which only causes coordination problems! 

#1 January, 1974, University of Colorado ComputingCenter, (also SIGPLAN Notices 9:3 

1974 March) 8 pages, edited by George Richmond. (* Mostly contained descriptions 

of the CDC-6000 implementation of unrevised Pascal. *) out of print 

#2 May, 1974, University of Colorado ComputingCenter, (also SIGPLAN Notices 9:11 

1974 November) 18 pages, edited by George Richmond. (* A Pascal history; news of 

other implementations for unrevised Pascal; news of the newCDC-6000 implementation 

for revised Pasca1.*) out of print 

#3 February, 1975, University of Colorado Computing Center, (also SfGPLAN Notices 11:2 

1976 February) 19 pages, edited by George Richmond. (* Announcement of the book: 

Pascal User Manual and Report; Pascal usage questionaire; revised History of Pascal; 

bibliography; news of Pascal-P; more on Pascal-6000 for CDCmachines; letters to the 

editor.*) out,of print 

#4 August, 1976, University of Colorado ComputingCenter, 103pages (103 numberedpages), 

edited by George Richmond. (* 36 letters of correspondence dealing mostly with 

various implementations; imp1ementors list; bibliography; news of new release of 

Pascal-P.*) out of print 

#5September, 1976, Pascal User's Group, University of Minnesota ComputerCenter, 124 

pages (65 numbered pages), edited by Andy Mickel. (* Short notes,S articles, 

general correspondence, and implementation notes were featured; Christian Jacobi, 

ETH Zurich supplied a description of DynamicArray Parameters. *) 

#6November, 1976, Pascal User's Group, University of Minnesota Computer Center, 

180 pages (91 numbered pages), edited by Andy Mickel. (* News from members; a full 

membership roster; conference notices; information on back issues; 6 articles 

including 2 proposing directions for Pascal by G. Michael Schneider of the U of 

Minnesota, and Rich Ciche11i of Lehigh University; much implementation news. *) 

#7February, 1977, Pascal User's Group, University of Minnesota ComputerCenter, 90 

pages (45 numbered pages), edited by Andy Mickel. (* More News from members; 

books; 3 articles; correspondence; implementation notes. *) 

#8 May, 1977, Pascal User's Group, University of Minnesota Computer Center, 128 pages 

(65 numbered pages), edited by Andy Mickel. (* News from members; Conferences; 

Books; Applications; 6 articles including one by Ken Bowles about a very complete 

inexpensive implementation for nearly every microprocessor in existence; Special 

topic: official standardization and clarified definition of Pascal; Portable 

Pascals, Feature implementation notes, Machine Dependent implementations, Index. *) 

Back issue ordering information for #5-#8 is on the back of the ALLPURPOSE COUPON. 

PUG FINANCES 1976-1977 

Here are the details for our finances last academic year by both PUG(USA) and PUG(UK). 

For additional information see the EDITOR'S CONTRIBUTION (for a real con) under "PUG 

Finances." 

PUG(USA) 

Accounts: 

Income: 

$3980,00 995 memberships @$4 (76-77) 

161.73 contributions 

70.00 miscellaneous back issues sold @$1 

$4211.73 TOTAL Income. 

Expend i ture : 

$ 123.37 buying (230) and mailing 

'4 

from George Richmond 

492.70 printing 700) and mailing #5 

1239.50 printing 1050) and mailing 

697.17 printing 1000) and mailing '6 

1071.60 printing '7 

! 1000) and mailing 

30.23 mailing originals of 5-8, etc. '8 

to PUG(UK) for reprinting 

92.13 promoting PUG (mass mailings) 

10.00 refunds for overpayment 

19.00 backissue requests for 

'4 

forwarded to George Richmond 

101.09 miscellaneous postage for automatic backissues 

$3876.79 TOTAL Expenditure. 

PUG(UK) Accounts: (submitted by David Barron, 15 August, 1977) 

Income : 

£249.90 subscriptions for 76-77 (99 @ 2.50; 1 @ 2.40) 

1;249.20 TOTAL Income. 

Expenditure: 

~ 70.86 printing 250 copies of No. 6 

29.14 printing 350 copies of No.7 

105.34 printing 450 copies of No.8 

171.06 postage for 6, 7, and 8 includin9 back issues 

E 376.40 total production costs 

90.01 printing and posting No. 5 (450 copies) 

~466.41 TOTAL Expenditure. 

=======c=c======================================================:=================:====: 

surplus 

PUG(USA) 

PUG(UK) deficit =E216.51 

Total deficit for year 

$334.94 

= $380.00 approx. 

= $ 45.06 Andy Mickel 77/09/01 

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ROSTER (77/09/09) 

The PUGroster is sorted by mail code (USAfirst) and then alphabetically by country. 

Members span 31 countries and 47 states. Also supplied is a member index by last name 

to mail code. Institutional members begin with the prefix ATTNor ATTENTION. 

You can see at a glance who is at a well known organization at a well known place. 

The roster makes a great organizing tool for our mutual communication! Please look 

yourself up to check for accuracy and then you can see who is nearby; why not 

phone them and talk about Pascal? 

States with over 50 PUGmembers are: California - 171; Minnesota - 128; Texas 62; 

Massachusetts - 61; and countries: United Kingdom - 101; Canada - 59; Germany 57. 

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HENRYF. LEDGARD! COMPUTER AND INFO. SCI.!U OF MASSACHUSETTS! AMHERST MA 01002! (413) 545-2744 

KENNETH R. WADLAND! COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT.! FITCHBURG STATE COLLEGE! MAIL BOX NUMBER 6372! FITCHBURG MA 01420! (617) 342-2268 

RALPH S. GOODELL!HILLCREST DRIVE! HARVARD MA 01451! (617) 456-8090 

R. L. THAYER/ CENTRAL RESEARCH GROUP! P.O. BOX 451! HARVARD MA U1451! (617) 772-2306 

JOHN DE ROSA JR.! WORCESTERPOLYTECHNICINST.! P.O. BOX 2131! WORCESTERMA 01609/ (617) 798-8947 

NORMAN E. SONDAK! COMPo SCI. DEPT.! WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE! WORCESTER MA 01609! (617) 753-1411 

HANK EDWARDS! 2C BRACKETT ROAD! FRA}llNGHA MA 01701/ (617) 620-1066 (HOME)! (617) 897-5111 X6809 

BERNIE ROSMAN! MATH/CS DEPT.! FRAMINGHAM STATE COLLEGE/ FRAMINGHAM MA 01701/ (617) 872-3501 

DAVID TARABAR/ FIELD ENGINEERING!DATA GENERAL CORPORATION! 23) OLD CONNECTICUT PATH! FRAMINGHAMMA 01701! (617) 620-1200 X362 

SCOTT D. HANKIN! 382A GREAT ROAD APT. 103! ACTON MA 01720! (61/) 263-9121 

BRUCE MACKENZIE! COMPUTERVISION CORP.! 201 BURLINGTON ROAD - ROUTE 62! BEDFORD MA 01730! (617) 275-1800 

MARTHA L. SPENCE! 145 CARLISLE PINES DR.! CARLISLE MA 01741! (617) 369-7311 (HOME)! (617) 449-2000 X2526 (OFC.) 

MARK S. MAYES! TSD SYSTEMS ENGINEERING! GEN RAO.! 300 BAKER AVE.! W. GONCORD MA 01742! (617) 369-4400 

KATHLEEN JENSEN! 1 FRANKLIN ST.! HUDSON MA 01749! (617) 897-5111 (WORK)! (617) 562-9538 (HOME) 

DWIGHT BAKER/ MR2!M64/ DIGITAL COMPONENTS!ONE IRON WAY! MARLBORO MA 01752! (617) 481-7400 X6637 

CARL W. SCHWARCZ! MR 1-2/E27! DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP.! 200 FOREST STREET! MARLBORO MA 01752! (617) 481-9511 

ATTN: LIBRARY! ML5-4!A20! DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION/ MAYNARD MA 01754 

RONALD F. BRENDER! BLISS LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT! ML3-5/E82/ DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP.! 146 MAIN STREET! MAYN~ MA 01754/ (617) 897-5111 X2520 

ALBERT S. BROWN!PK3-1/MI2! DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP.! 146 MAIN STREET! MAYNARD MA 01754! (617) 897-5111 X2391 

N. AMOSGILEADI! APPLIED SYSTEMS GROUP! ML 21-4 E-20! DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP.! 146 MAIN STREET! MAYNARD MA 01754! (617) 897-5111 X4402!X3888!X6472 

RONALD J. HAM! ML5-5!E40! DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION! 146 MAIN STREET! MAYNARDMA 01754! (617) 897-5111 

RICHARD KIMBALL! 145 WALTHAM ST.! MAYNARD MA 01754 

DAVID MOBERLY! P.O. BOX 241! MAYNARD MA 01754! (617) 897-8078 

ISAAC R. NASSI! DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORP.! 146 MAIN STREET! MAYNARD MA 01754! (617) 897-5111 X4487 

WILLIAM F. SHAW! ML5-5!E40! DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION! 146 MAIN STREET! MAYNARD MA 01754! (617) 897-5111 

LLOYD DICKMAN! 93 PRATTS MILL ROAD! SUDBURY MA 01776 

EDWARD STEEN! 119 SHERMAN STREET! LOWELL MA 01852! (617) 454-9320 

JAMES W. HEBERT! 51 THOMAS ROAD! SWAMPSCOTT MA 01907! (617) 581-3807 

DEPT. 330! FOXBORO CO.! 38 NEPONSET AVE.! FOXBORO MA 02035! (617) 543-8750 Xl031 

THOMAS G. MCGINTY! 

AARON SAWYER! DEPT 330! THE FOXBORO COMPANY! FOXBORO MA 02035! (617) 543-8750 X2029 

WARREN R. BROWN!D.330! THE FOXBORO COMPANY! 38 NEPONSET AVE.! FOXBORO MA 02038! (617) 543-8750 X2023 

ROGER A. DUE! SOFTWARE SYSTEMS DESIGN! TERADYNE INC./ 183 ESSEX STREET! BOSTON MA 02111/ (617) 482-2700 

ATTN: MATH LIBRARY! NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY! 360 HUNTINGTON AVE.! BOSTON MA 02115! (617) 437-2460 

JOHN CASEY! DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS!NORTHEASTERNUNIVERSITY/ 360 HUNTINGTON AVENUE! BOSTON MA 02115! (617) 437-2450 

JENNIFER CLARKE/ COMPUTATION CENTER! 25 RICHARDS HALL! NORTHEASTERN U.! HUNTINGTON AVE.! BOSTON MA 02115! (617) 437-3183 

VICTOR S. MILLER! DEPT OF MATHEMATICS! BLDG 2/ U OF MASSACHUSETTS! HARBOR CAMPUS! BOSTON MA 02125! (617) 287-1900 X3170/X3161 

DAN FYLSTRA! 22 WEITZ ST. #3! BOSTON MA 02134 

BRUCE KNOBE/ INTE~1ETRICS INC.! 701 CONCORD AVE./ CAMBRIDGE MA U2138! (617) 661-1840 

MICHAEL !1EEHAN/ WINTHROP PUBLISHERS! 17 DUNSTER STREET! CAMBRIDGE MA 02138! (617) 868-1750 

CHARLES ROBERT MORGAN! BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN! 50 MOULTON STR EET! CAMBRIDGE MA 02138! (617) 491-1850 XS02 

ROBERTE. WELLS/ BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC./ 50 MOULTON STREET/ CAMBRIDGE MA 02138! (617) 491-1850 

ATTN: READING ROOM! INFORMATION PROCESSING CENTER! 39-430! MIT I CAliJ!!tlDGE MA 02139 

GABRIEL CHANG/ 575 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE! HONEYWELL INFORMATION SYSTEMS! CAMBRIDGE MA 02139/ (617) 491-6300 

F. J. CORBATO! NE43-514! MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY/ 545 TECHNOLOGY SQUARE! CAMBRIDGE MA 02139/ (617) 253-6001 

JEANNE FERRANTE! 125 ANTRIM ST.! CAMBRIDGE MA 02139! (617) 876-8635 

JOHN N. STRAYHORN/ BOX 157 MIT BRANCH P.O.! CAMBRIDGE MA 02139/ (617) 923-1133 

KENNETH OLSON! 16 MONTGOMERY ST.! CAMBRIDGE MA 02140! (617) 868-3068 

R. STERLING EANES/ SOFTECH! 460 TOTTEN POND ROAD! WALTHAM MA 02154! (617) 890-6900 

JOHN B. GooDENOUGH/SOFTECH INC.! 460 TOTTEN POND RD! WALTHAM'MA 02154/ (617) 890-6900 

R. KRASIN! FIRST DATA CORP.! 400 TOTTEN POND ROAD! WALTHAM MA 02154! (617) 890-6701 

GERALD NADLER! RBMS RESEARCH CENTER/ BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY/ WALTHAM MA 02154 

MICHAEL ROONEY! THE BOSTON SYSTEMS OFFICE INC.! 400-1 TOTTEN pOND ROAD! WALTHAM MA 02154/ (617) 890-0888 

ROYA. WILSKER! 27 BENEFIT STREET! WALTHAM MA 02154! (617) 899-6638 

DAVID SOLOMONT! COMPUTER SERVICES! MILLER HALL! TUFTS UNIVERSITY! MEDFORD MA 02155/ (617) 628-2943 

PETER COLBY/ 289 MILL ST./ NEWTONVILLEMA 02160! (617) 527-2394 

GEORGE C. HETRICK! COMPUTING CENTER/ BOSTON COLLEGE! CHESTNUT HILL MA 02167! (617) 969-0100 

GEORGE POONEN! 15 ORCHARD AVE.!WABAN MA 02168! (617) ')6J-4684 

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FRED ElLEN STEIN/ 68 SPRING STREET/ WATERTOWN MA 02172/ (617) 924-2248 

G. M. SHANNON/ LINCOLN LAB/ J-148G/ M.I.T./ 244 WOOD STREET/ LEir~GTON MA 02173/ (617) 862-5500 X5719 

MICHAEL HAGERTY/ 83 PARK STREET/ ARLINGTON MA 02174/ (617) 492-7100 

TERRENCE M. COLLIGAN/ RIVERSIDE OFFICE PARK/ MANAGEMENT DECISION SYSTEMS INC./ RIVERSIDE ROAD/ WESTON MA 02193/ (617) 891-0335 

E. R. BEAUREGARD/ 10 HYDRAULION AVE./ BRISTOL RI 02809/ (401) 253-7358 

DAVID J. GRIFFITHS/ ACADEMIC COMPUTER CENTER/ TYLER HALL/ UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND/ KINGSTON RI 02881/ (401) 792-2701 

ANDRIES VAN DAM/ BROWN UNIVERSITY/ BOX F/ PROVIDENCE RI 02912/ (401) 863-3088 

ATTENTION: JO AN HUESMAN/ NASHUA OPERATIONS/ HARRIS DATA COMMUNICATIONS DIV./ DANIEL WEBSTER HIGHWAY SOUTH/ NASHUA NH 03060/ (603) 883-3313 

VINCENT KAYSER/ NORTHEAST ELECTRONICS/ BOX 649/ CONCORD NH 03301/ (603) 224-6511 X-261 

CARL HELMERS/ BYTE PUBLICATIONS INC./ 70 MAIN STREET/ PETERBOROUGH NH 03458/ (603) 924-7217 

WILLIAM M. LAYTON/ POLYTRONICS/ METHODIST HILL/ LEBANON NH 03766/ (603) 646-2068 

ATTENTION: R. D. BERGERON/ DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS/ KINGSBURy HALL/ U OF NEW HAMPSHIRE/ DURHAM NH 03824/ (603) 862-2321 

WILLIAM J. VASILIOU JR./ COMPUTER SERVICES/ KINGSBURY HALL/ U OF NEW HAMPSHIRE/ DURHAM NH 03824/ (603) 862-2323 

JOHN HEATH/ DEPT. OF MATH. AND COMPUTER SCI./ UNIV. OF MAINE/ PORTLAND ME 04103/ (207) 773- 

TIMOTHY DENNIS/ 62 LAKESIDE DRIVE/ GRANBY CT 06035/ (203) 653-4492 

EDWARD E. BALKOVICH/ DEPT. OF ELECT. ENGR. AND COMPo SCI./ U-157/ UNIV. OF CONNECTICUT/ STORRS CT 06268/ (203)486-4816 

JAMES P. SHORES/ 344 GLENWOOD AVE./ NEW LONDON CT 06320/ (203) 442-0771 X2126 

ROSEMARY HOWBRIGG/ 36 MENUNKETESUCK DRIVE/ CLINTON CT 06413/ (203) 669-5812 (HOME)/ (203) 442-0771 X2963 (WORK) 

MARK BECKER/ 300 COLLINGWOOD AVE/ FAIRFIELD CT 06432/ (203) 334-3627 

CHARLES E. SIMON/ RD #1 BERKSHIRE RD./ SOUTHBURY CT 06488/ (203) 264-0640 (HOME)/ (203) 377-4141 X2286 (WORK) 

MARK SEIDEN/ NATIONAL CSS INC./ 500 SUMMER ST. - 4 FL./ STAMFORD CT 06901/ (203) 327-9100 X206 

PETER ANDERSON/ COMPUTER AND INFO SCI DEPT./ NEW JERSEY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY/ 323 HIGH STREET/ NEWARK NJ 07102/ (201) 645-5126 

NICHOLAS WYBOLT/ 576 LEO STREET/ HILLSIDE NJ 07205/ (201) 688-5328 

RICHARD D. SPILLANE/ DEPT OF MATH/C.S./ WILLIAM PATTERSON COL.! WAYNE NJ 07470/ (201) 881-2158 

DAN C. RICHARD/ P.O. BOX 188/ EATONTOWN NJ 07724/ (201) 542-3814 (hOME) 

RON PRICE/ PERKIN-ELMER DATA SYSTEMS/ 106 APPLE ST./ TINTON FALLS NJ 07724 

RON OLSEN/ ROOM 3E207/ BELL LABORATORIES/ CRAWFORD CORNER ROAD! HOLMDEL NJ 07733/ (201) 949-5537 

FRANK KURKA/ P.O. BOX 209/ OCEANPORT NJ 07757/ (201) 229-4487 

KEN POLAKOWSKI/ 5D VILLAGE GREEN/ BUDD LAKE NJ 07828/ (201) 347-4375 

PAUL S. HELLER/ EDUCOM/ P.O. BOX 364/ PRINCETON NJ 08540/ (609) 921-7575 

CHARLES HEDRICK/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT./ RUTGERS/ HILL CENTER/ NEW BRUNSWICK NJ 08903 

STEVE LEGENHAUSEN/ 12 BARNARD STREET/ HIGHLAND PARK NJ 08904/ (201) 572-6585 

WILLIAM HENRY/ 117 E. TENTH ST./ NEW YORK NY 10003 

DAVID SEGAL/Ill THIRD AVE. #2K/ NEW YORK NY 10003/ (212) 674-0454 

EDWARD R. FRIEDMAN/ CIMS/CS DEPT./ NEW YORK UNIVERSITY/ NEW YORK NY 10012/ (212) 460-7100 

DAVID SHIELDS/ COURANT INSTlTUTE/ NEW YORK UNIVERSITY/ 251 MERCER ST./ NEW YORK NY 10012/ (212) 460-7168 

FRANK PAVLIK/ QUOTRON SYSTEMS INC./ 325 HUDSON ST./ NEW YORK NY 10013/ (212) 344-0400 EXT. 71 

GENE A. DAVENPORT/ JOHN WILEY AND SONS/60S THIRD AVENUE/ NEW YORK NY 10016/ (212) 867-9800 

STEPHEN LEIBOWITZ/ 165 EAST 32 ST. - APT. 6D/ NEW YORK NY 10016/ (212) 483-2595/ (212) 889-1035 

DOUGLAS R. KAYE/ COMPUTER SERVICES/ DU ART FILM LABORATORIES/ 245 WEST 55 ST./ NEW YORK NY 10019/ (212) 757-4580 

PETER PAWELCZAK/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ C/O LIBRARY/ CUNY! 555 W. 57TH ST./ NEW YORK NY 10019 

STEVE GROSS/ 200 W. 86TH ST./ NEW YORK NY 10024 

HOWARD D. ESKIN/ CENTER FOR COMPUTING ACTIVITIES/ ROOM 712/ COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY/ 612 W. 115TH ST./ NEW YORK NY 10025/ (212) 280-2874 

T. A. D'AURIA/ CENTER FOR COMPUTING ACTIVITIES/ COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY/ NEW YORK NY 10027 

P. J. PLAUGER/ SUITE 3830/ YOURDON/ 1133 AVE. OF THE AMERICAS/ NEW YORK NY 10036/ (212) 730-2670 

PETER G. CAPEK/ IBM RESEARCH CENTER/ P.O. BOX 218/ YORKTOWN HTS NY 10598/ (914) 945-1250 

REX FRANCIOTTI/ COMPUTER CENTER/ ADELPHI UNIVERSITY/ GARDEN CITY NY 11530/ (516) 294-8700 

M. WAITE/ HAZELTINE CORP./ GREENLAWN NY 11740/ (516) 261-7000 X687 

ATTENTION: GARRY S. MEYER/ COMPUTING CENTER/ APPLICATIONS SUPPORT/ SUNY STONY BROOK/ STONY BROOK NY 11794/ (516) 246-7047 

WILLIAM BARABASH/ DEPT. OF COMPo SCI./ SUNY STONY BROOK/ STONY BROOK NY 11794/ (516) 246-7146 

RICHARD B KIEBURTZ/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCI./ SUNY AT STONY BROOK/ STONY BROOK NY 11794/ (516) 246-5987 

M. ELIZABETH IBARRA/ DEPT. OF APPLIED MATH/ BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY/ UPTON NY 11973/ (516) 345-4162 

J. SCOTT MERRITT/ 36 OAKWOOD AVE./ TROY NY 12180/ (518) 271-7553 

S. KAMAL ABDALI/ DEPT. OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES/ RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE/ TROY NY 12181/ (518) 270-6558 

GEORGE H. WILLIAMS/ EE/CS DEPT./ UNION COLLEGE/ SCHENECTADY NY 12308/ (518) 370-6273 

J. WILSON/ WHITMAN RD. R.D. #3 BOX 224H/ CANASTOTA NY 13032/ (315) 697-3639 

J. DANIEL GERSTEN/ COMPUTED IMAGE ENG. - 

CSP 3-21/ GENERAL ELECTRIC CO./ SYRACUSE NY 13201 

J. L. POSDAMER/ SCHOOL OF COMPo AND INFO. SCI./ 313 LINK HALL/ SYRACUSE U/ SYRACUSE NY 13210/ (315) 423-4679 

JOHN M. WOBUS/ 453 WESTCOTT ST. APT. 1/ SYRACUSE NY 13210/ (315) 472-4923 

WALTER WUENSCH/ BOX 62/ CLINTON NY 13323/ (315) 797-2370 

DAVID A. BENNETT/ PAR CORP./ ON THE MALL/ ROME NY 13440/ (315) 336-8400 

MICHAEL N. CONDICT/ PATTERN ANALYSIS AND RECOGNITION CORP/ ON THE MALL/ ROME NY 13440/ (315) 336-8400 X36 

NEWTON J. MUNSON/ COMPUTING CENTER/ CLARKSON COLLEGE/ POTSDAM NY 13676/ (315) 268-7721 

TED TENNY/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT./ SUNY - 

POTSDAM/ POTSDAM NY 13676/ (315) 268-2954 

ROBERT L. KING/ 1452 SANDRA DR./ ENDICOTT NY 13760/ (607) 754-3112 

G. H. GOLDEN JR./ COMPUTER CENTER/ MAYTUM HALL/ STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE/ FREDONIA NY 14063

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G. FRIEDER/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ SUNY BUFFALO/ 4226 RIDGE LEA RD./ BUFFALO NY 14226/ (116) 831-1351 

JAMES MOLONEY/ DEPT. OF COMPo SCI./ SUNY BROCKPORT/ BROCKPORT ~Y 14420/ (116) 395-2384 

EDWARD W. SUOR/ COMPUTER CONSOLES INC./ 91 HUMBOLDT STREET/ ROCHESTER NY 14609/ (116) 482-5000 X291 

MICHAEL J. LUTZ/ SCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY/ ROCHESTER NY 14623/ (116) 464-2139 

ATTN: PRODUCTION AUTOMATION PROJECT/ ELEC. ENGR. _ COL. OF ENGR. AND APPLIE/ UNIV. OF ROCHESTER/ ROCHESTER NY 14621/ (116) 215-3115 

RICHARD CONWAY/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ CORNELL UNIVERSITY/ ITHACA NY 14850/ (601) 256-3456 

WILLIAM LYCZKO/ SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT/ NCR CORPORATION/TERMINAL SYSTEMS/ 950 DANBY ROAD/ ITHACA NY 14850/ (601) 213-5310/ X251 X254 

KEVIN WEILER/ 141 CORNELL QRTRS/ CORNELL UNIVERSITY/ ITHACA NY 14850/ (601) 256-4880 (DAY)/ (601) 212-1563 (NITE) 

JOHN H. WILLIAMS/ OCS/ 418 UPSON HALL/ CORNELL U/ ITHACA NY 14~50/ (601) 256-5033 

THOMAS P. BISHOP/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ CORNELL UNIVERSITY/ ITHACA NY 14853/ (601) 256-4052 

HAL PERKINS/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ CORNELL UNIVERSITY/ ITllACA NY 14853 

MARY LOU SOFFA/ COMPUTER SCI. DEPT./ 335 ALUMNI HALL/ UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH/ PITTSBURGH PA 15260/ (412) 624-6454 

JOHN DOW/ WESTERN PSYCHIATRIC INST. AND CLINIC/ U. OF PITTSBUR;H/ 3811 O'HARA STREET/ PITTSBURGH PA 15261/ (412) 624-2848 

JOHN NOLD/ COMPUTER CENTER/ Gl STRIGHT HALL/ INDIANA UNIVERSITY OF PA./ INDIANA PA 15101 

HOWARD E. TOMPKINS/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT/ INDIANA UNIVERSITY OF PAl INDIANA PA 15101/ (412) 351-2524 

BENTON LEONG/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT./ PENNSYLVANIA STATE U./ UNIVERSITY PK PA 16802/ (814) 865-1545 

DONALD L. WRIGHT/ 832 WYNNEWOOD RD,/ CAMP HILL PA 11011/ (111) 161-0260 

CHARLES E. MILLER/ RD 5 - CRESCENT DRIVE/ SHIPPENSBURG PA 1125'1/ (111) 532-9121 X104 

ATTENTION: RUTH DROZIN/ FREAS-ROOKE COMPUTER CENTER/ BUCKNELL UNIVERSITY/ LEWISBURG PA 11831/ (111) 524-1436 

DANIEL C. HYDE/ COMPUTER SCIENCE PROGRAM/ BUCKNELL UNIVERSITY/ LEWISBURG PA 11831/ (111) 524-1392 

JOHN W. ADAMS/ DEPT. OF I.E./ 19 PACKARD LAB/ LEHIGH UNIV./ BETHLEHEM PA 18015 

DAVID B. ANDERSON/ DEPT. OF MATHEMATICS/ 14 CHRISTMAS-SAUCON/ LEHIGH UNIVERSITY/ BETHLEHEM PA 18015/ (215) 861-4253 

DAVE ENGLANDER/ 302 SUMMIT STREET/ BETHLEHEM PA 18015/ (215) 865-9021 

S. L. GULDEN/ DEPT. OF MATH/ LEHIGH UNIVERSITY/ BETHLEHEM PA 1~015/ (215) 691-1000 X341 

THOMAS RAMSBERGER/ 1036 BROADWAY/ BETHLEHEM PA 18015/ (215) 86~-0905 

V. LALITA RAO/ 506 W. THIRD STREET APT. 4/ BETHLEHEM PA 18015/ (215) 865-6448 

STEPHEN TITCOMB/ 1111 NORTH BLVD./ BETHLEHEM PA 18011 

RANCE J. DELONG/ MORAVIAN COLLEGE/ BETHLEHEM PA 18018 

MARILYN HOFFMAN/ 531 W. UNION BLVD./ BETHLEHEM PA 18018/ (215) 865-6931 

JOHN A. WEAVER/ 2112 PENNSYLVANIA AVE. F-6/ BETHLEHEM PA 180181 (215) 861-1085 

JOSEPH A. MEZZAROBA/ BOX 164/ E. GREENVILLE PA 18041/ (215) 412-8365 (WORK)/ (215) 619-9900 (HOME) 

BARBARA I. KARKUTT/ BOX 942/ EASTON PA 18042/ (215) 252-1684 

JOHN W. IOBST/ 22 N. KEYSTONE AVE./ EMMAUS PA 18049/ (215) 965-4611 

ALEX OSTAPENKO/ 346 ELLEN ST./ HELLERTOWN PA 18055/ (215) 838-1111 

RICHARD J. CICHELLI/ 901 WHITTIER DRIVE/ ALLENTOWN PA 18103/ (215) 191-9690 

RAMON,TAN/ 2345 UNION ST./ ALLENTOWN PA 18104/ (215) 434-5432 

THOMAS HALLDORSON/ BIRCHWOOD PARK #4/ SAYLORSBURG PA 18353 

STEPHEN J VNUK/ 140 MILL ST./ PLYMOUTH PA 18651/ (111) 119-9141 

JOSEPH A. PARKER JR./ DEPT. OF MATH AND COMPo SCI./ WILKES COLLEGE/ WILKES-BARRE PA 18103/ (111) 824-4651 X448 

BILL CHESWICK/ DARIEN 15B / VILLAGE 2/ NEW HOPE PA 18938 

CHESTER J. SALWACH/ 2124 DIAMOND STREET/ SELLERSVILLE PA 189601 (215) 123-8301 

TOM KELLY/ APT. C 3-9 ASHWOOD APARTMENTS/ 120 EAST STREET ROAD I WARMINSTER PA 18914/ (215) 614-9821 

T. L.(FRANK) PAPPAS/ 5130 GRAMERCY DRIVE/ CLIFTON HGTS PA 19018/ (215) 259-1325 

ATTN: MATHEMATICS DEPARTMENT/ VILLANOVA UNIVERSITY/ VILLANOVA PA 19085/ (215) 521-2100 

THOMAS SCOTTI COMPUTER CENTER/ VILLANOVA UNIVERSITY/ VILLANOVA PA 19085/ (215) 521-2100 X215 

DAVID A. NELSON/ INFORMATION ENGINEERING/ 3401 MARKET STREET/ PHILADELPHIA PA 19104/ (215) 381-5150 

FRANK L. FRIEDMAN/ DEPT. OF COMPo AND INFO. SCI./ TEMPLE UNIVERSITY/ PHILADELPHIA PA 19122 

GIORGIO P. INGARGIOLA/ CIS/ 382 SPEAKMAN HALL/ TEMPLE UNIVERSITY/ PHILADELPHIA PA 19122/ (215) 181-8451 

ROBERT KEZELL/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER ACTIVITY/ TEMPLE UNIVERSITY / PHILADELPHIA PA 19122/ (215) 181-8521 

FRANK RYBICKI/ COMPUTER ACTIVITY/ TEMPLE UNIVERSITY/ BROAD AND MONTGOMERY/ PHILADELPHIA PA 19122/ (215) 131-1115 

WILLIAM C. HOPKINS/ DEPT. OF COMPo AND INFO. SCI./ U OF PENNSYLVANIA/ PHILADELPHIA PA 19114/ (215) 243-8549 

JOHN T. LYNCH/ BURROUGHS CORP./ P.O. BOX 511/ PAOLI PA 19301 

E. L. ROWE/ BURROUGHS CORP./ BOX 511/ PAOLI PA 19301/ (215) 648-2218 

BILL BRENNAN/ 39 JODY DRIVE/ NORRISTOWN PA 19401 

LEE LAMBERT/ 961 SCHOOL STREET/ COLLEGEVILLE PA 19426 

RICHARD A. JOKIEL/ P.O. BOX 818/ POTTSTOWN PA 19464/ (215) 385-6324 

JOHN D. EISENBERG/ COMPUTING CENTRE/ SMITH HALL/ U OF DELAWARE/ NEWARK DE 19111/ (302) 138-8441 X51 (OFFICE)/ (302) 453-9059 (HOME) 

WILLIAM Q. GRAHAM/ COMPUTING CENTER/ U. OF DELAWARE/ 13 SMITH HALL/ NEWARK DE 19111/ (302) 368-1513 

DAVID HAWK/ 2Bl WHARTON DRIVE/ NEWARK DE 19111 

ARON K. INSINGA/ DEPT. OF ELEC. ENGR./ 126 DUPONT HALL/ UNIV. OF DELAWARE/ NEWARK DE 19111/ (302) 138-2406 

C. E. BRIDGE/ ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT LAB/ E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND CO./ 101 BEECH STREET/ WILMINGTON DE 19898/ (302) 114-1131 

STEPHEN C. SCHWARM/ E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS CO./ 101 BEECH ST. / WILMINGTON DE 19898/ (302) 114-1669 

MIKE FRAME/ FIRST DATA CORP./ 2011 EYE ST. NW/ WASHINGTON DC 20006/ (202) 812-0580 

RICK THOMAS/ 408 DOMER AVENUE/ TAKOMA PARK MD 20012/ (301) 565-2618 

TERRY P. MEDLIN/ SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH UNIT - DPSA/ NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DENTAL HEALTH/ BETHESDA MD 20014 

WAYNE RASBAND/ 8LDG 36 ROOM 2A-03/ NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH/ BETHESDA MD 20014/ (301) 496-4951

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JOHN M. SHAWl BLDG 36 / ROOM 2A29/ NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH/ BETHESDA MD 20014/ (301) 496-3204 

DAVID A. GOMBERG/ DEPT. OF MATH. STAT. AND COMPo SCI./ AMERICAN UNIVERSITY/ MASSACHUSETTS & NEBRASKA AVES./ WASHINGTON DC 20016/ (202) 686-2393 

JOSEPH P. JOHNSON/ 3520 QUEBEC ST. NW/ WASHINGTON DC 20016/ (202) 362-8523 

MARGERY AUSTIN/ THE URBAN INSTITUTE/ 2100 M STREET NW/ WASHINGTON DC 20037/ (202) 223-1950 

ARTHUR A. BROWN/ 1101 NEW HAMPSHIRE AVE. NW APT. 1002/ WASHINGTON DC 20037/ (202) 785-0716 

RICHARD TABOR/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY/ 2013 G STREET N.W. #201/ WASHINGTON DC 20052/ (202) 676-6140 

RAYMOND E. THOMAS/ DEPT. OF STATISTICS/ GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIV ./ WASHINGTON DC 20052/ (202) 676-6369 

T. HARDY/ SECTION J-640.02/ TECH A367/ NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS/ WASHINGTON DC 20234 

PETER A. RIGSBEE/ CODE 5494/ NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY/ WASHINGTON DC 20375/ (202) 767-3181 

PETER GUTTERMAN/ COMPUTING ACTIVITIES/DEPT. N954/ THE WORLD BANK/ 1818 H STREET N.W./ WASHINGTON DC 20433/ (202) 393-6360 

THOMAS A. KEENAN/ DIVISION OF MATHEMATICAL AND COMPUTER/ NATIONAL SCIENCE.FOUNDATION./ WASHINGTON DC 20550/ (202) 632-7346 

TED L. FREEMAN/ RDA INC./ 5012 HERZEL PLACE/ BELTSVILLE MD 20705/ (301) 937-2215 

SHMUEL PELEG/ COMPUTER SCIENCE CENTER/ U OF MARYLAND/ COLLEGE PAKK MD 20742/ (301) 454-4527 

BEN SHNEIDERMAN/ DEPT. OF INFO. SYS. MGMT./ U OF MARYLAND/ COLLEGE PARK MD 20742/ (301) 454-2548 

JOYCE A. SMITH/ COMPUTER SCIENCE CENTER/ PROGRAM LIBRARY/ U OF MARYLAND/ COLLEGE PARK MD 20742/ (301) 454-4261 

JOHN NOLAN/ NATIONAL SECURITY AGENCY/ R51/ DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE/ 9800 SAVAGE ROAD/ FT. MEADE MD 20755 

M. J. GRALIA/ APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY/ THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY/ JOHNS HOPKINS ROAD/ LAUREL MD 20810/ (301) 953-7100 X7386 

A. E. SALWIN/ APPLIED PHYSICS LABORATORY/ THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY/ JOHNS HOPKINS ROAD/ LAUREL MD 20810/ (301) 953-7100 

CHARLES BACON/ 10717 BURBANK DR./ POTOMAC MD 20854/ (301) 299-2732 (HOME)/ (301) 496-4823 (WORK) 

JACOB C. Y. WU/ SYSTEM SCIENCES DIVISION/ COMPUTER SCIENCES CORPORATION/ 8728 COLESVILLE ROAD/ SILVER SPRING MD 20910/ (301) 589-1545 X276 

ATTN: M. WATKINS - TECHNICAL LIBRARIAN/ GENERAL INSTRUMENT CORP./ 11126 MCCORMICK ROAD/ HUNT VALLEY MD 21031/ (301) 666-8700 X333 

DAVID MILLER/ 11203A AVALANCHE WAY/ COLUMBIA MD 21044/ (301) 992-5665 

RAINER F. MCCOWN/ MCCOWN COMPUTER SERVICES/ 9537 LONG LOOK LANE/ COLUMBIA MD 21045/ (301) 730-0379 

EDWIN J. CALKA/ E152/ AAI CORP/ P.O. BOX 6767/ BALTIMORE MD 21204 

JOHN LEWIS/ MATH. SCIENCES DEPT./ JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY/ CHARLES AND 34TH STREETS/ BALTIMORE MD 21218/ (301) 338-7207 

DAVID AULT/ COMPUTER SCIENCE/ VPI AND suI 11440 ISAAC NEWTON SQ. N./ RESTON VA 22090/ (703) 471-4601 

GUS BJORKLUND/ 2250 COPPERSMITH SQUARE/ RESTON VA 22091 

JAMES K. MOORE/ 12345 COLERAINE COURT/ RESTON VA 22091/ (703) 437-2338 

EDWARD w. HURLEY/ XONICS INC./ 1700 OLD MEADOW ROAD/ MCLEAN VA 22101/ (703) 790-1840 

MARK S. WATERBURY/ 8358 L DUNHAM CT./ SPRINGFIELD VA 22152 

L. EDWARD REICH/ 805 N. CLEVELAND STREET/ ARLINGTON VA 22201/ (703) 243-3131 

WILLIAM A. WHITAKER/ DARPA/ 1400 WILSON BLVD./ ARLINGTON VA 22209 

JOHN N. LATTA/ P.O. BOX 1297/ ARLINGTON VA 22210 

FRANK BREWSTER/ 4701 KENMORE AVE #1009/ ALEKANDRIA VA 22304/ (/03) 370-6645 

ARNOLD SHORE/ 5021 SEMINARY RD. #1613/ ALEKANDRIA VA 22311/ (703) 379-2247 

RONALD S. NAU/ C/O TELEDYNE GEOTECH/ P.O. BOX 334/ ALEKANDRIA VA 22314/ (703) 836-3882 

CARDL A. OGDIN/ SOFTWARE TECHNIQUE INC./ 100 POMMANDER WALK/ ALEKANDRIA VA 22314/ (703) 549-0646 

LINWOOD FERGUSON/ 741-B MOUNTAIN WOOD RD./ CHARLOTTESVIL VA 22901/ (804) 293-7816 

ROBERT A. GIBSON/ WEST LEIGH/ 2380 KINGSTON RD/ CHARLOTTESVIL VA 22901/ (804) 977-3233 

STEPHEN J. HARTLEY/ 2330-20 PEYTON DR./ CHARLOTTESVIL VA 22901! (804) 827-2897 (WORK) 

TIM HILL/ MEDICAL COMPUTING CENTER/ MEDICAL CENTER BOX 282/ UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA/ CHARLOTTESVIL VA 22901/ (804) 924-5261 

TERRENCE PRATT/ DEPT. OF APPLIED MATH/ THORNTON HALL/ UNIV. OF VIRGINIA/ CHARLOTTESVILVA 22901/ (804) 924-7201 

ATTN: J. F. MCINTYRE - LIBRARIAN/ COMPUTING CENTER/ GILMER HALL/ U OF VIRGINIA/ CHARLOTTESVILVA 22903/ (804) 924-3731 

DAVID A. MUNDIE/ FRENCH DEPT./ 302 CABELL HALL/ U. OF VIRGINIA! CHARLOTTESVIL VA 22903/ (804) 924-7157 

WILLIAM C. MOORE JR./ 3518 LUCKYHEE CRESCENT/ RICHMOND VA 23234/ (804) 275-6676 

ANN D. DAVIES/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ VIRGINIA COMMONWEALTH UNIVERSITY/ 1015 FLOYD AVE./ RICHMOND VA 23284/ (804) 770-6339 

FRANCES L. VAN SCOY/ DEPT. OF MATH AND COMPUTING SCIENCES/ OLD DOMINION UNIV./ NORFOLK VA 23508/ (804) 489-6522 

DAVID A. HOUGH/ 529 HELM DRIVE/ NEWPORT NEWS VA 23602/ (804) 874-3387 

J. C. KNIGHT/ LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER/ M/S 125A/ NASA/ HAMPTON VA 23665 

DAVID E. HAMILTON/ 119G PINEWOOD CRESCENT/ HAMPTON VA 23666/ (M04) 827-0758 

FRED w. POWELL/ INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS/ PO BOX 2585 / 865 MIDDLEBROOK AVENUE/ STAUNTON VA 24401/ (703) 885-4950 

STEVEN M. BELLOVIN/ DEPT. OF COMPo SCI./ U OF NORTH CAROLINA/ CHAPEL HILL NC 27514/ (919) 933-5698 

CHRISTOPHER K. JOHANSEN/ FREEKSHOW ELECTRONWORKS & XOPHER INFOR/ ROUTE 1 BOX 157/ HOT SPRINGS NC 28743/ (704) 622-3423 

HOWARD EISENSTEIN/ 6616 DARE CIRCLE/ COLUMBIA SC 29206/ (803) 782-0544 

GERALD STEINBACK/ COMPUTER SERVICES DIV./ U. OF SOUTH CAROLINA! COLUMBIA SC 29208/ (803) 777-6001 

T. RAY NANNEY/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ FURMAN UNIV./ GREENVILLE SC 29613/ (803) 294-2097 

GERALD N. CEDERQUIST/ DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS ASSOC./ 135 TECHNOLOGY PARK/ NORCROSS GA 30092/ (404) 448-1400 

M. L. MCGRAW/ 655 SPALDING DR./ ATLANTA GA 30328/ (404) 394-2017 

ATTENTION: JERRY W. SEGERS/ OFFICE OF COMPUTING SERVICES/ GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY/ ATLANTA GA 30332/ (404) 894-4676 

PHILLIP H. ENSLOW JR./ SCHOOL OF INFO. AND COMPo SCI./ GEORGIA TECH/ ATLANTA GA 30332/ (404) 894-3187 

JAMES N. FARMER/ OFFICE OF COMPUTING SERVICES/ GEORGIA TECH/ 225 NORTH AVE. NW/ ATLANTA GA 30332/ (404) 894-4660 

JOHN J. GODA JR./ SCHOOL OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTER SCI/ GEORGIA TECH/ ATLANTA GA 30332/ (404) 894-3131 

JOHN P. WEST/ OFFICE OF COMPUTING SERVICES/ GEORGIA TECH/ 225 NORTH AVE. N.W./ ATLANTA GA 30332/ (404) 894-4676 

C. EDWARD REID/ RT. 7 BOX 1257/ TALLAHASSEE FL 32303/ (904) 48M-2451 

T. P. BAKER/ DEPT. OF MATH/ 225 LOVE BUILDING/ FLORIDA STATE U,! TALLAHASSEE FL 32304/ (904) 644-2580 

TIM LOWERY/ COMPUTING CENTER/ 110 LOVE BUILDING/ FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY/ TALLAHASSEE FL 32304/ (904) 644-3860

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R. GARY LEE/ COMPUTING CENTER/ 110 LOVE BUILDING/ FLORIDA STATE U/ TALLAHASSEE FL 32306/ (904) 644-2761 

LE H. NGUYEN/ UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA STATION/ P.O. BOX 12605/ GAINESVILLE FL 32604/ (904) 377-9879 (HOME)/ (904) 392-0907 (OFFICE) 

ATTN: DIRECTOR/ NORTHEAST REGIONAL DATA CENTER/ 253 SSRB/ U OF FLORIDA/ GAINESVILLE FL 32611/ (904) 392-2061 

ATTN: LIBRARIAN/ CIRCA/ 411 WEIL/ U OF FLORIDA/ GAINESVILLE FL 32611/ (904) 392-0907 

JAMES B. CONKLIN JR./ CIRCA/ 411 WELL HALL/ U. OF FLORIDA/ GAINESVILLE FL 32611 

J. D. GEORGE/ COMPUTER BRANCH/ NAVAL RESEARCH LABORATORY/ P.O. BOX 8337/ ORLANDO FL 32806/ (305) 859-5120 

SAM HARBAUGH/ E.E. DEPT./ FLORIDA INST. OF TECHNOLOGY/ P.O. BOX 1150/ MELBOURNE FL 32901/ (305) 723-3701 X332 

GEORGE A. SEYFERT/ HARRIS CONTROLS DIVISION/ P.O. BOX 430/ MELBOURNE FL 32901/ (305) 727-5675 

TOM SPURRIER/ ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS DIVISION/ HARRIS CORP./ P.O. BOX 37/ MELBOURNE FL 32901 

CASEY TUBBS/ ELECTRONICS SYSTEMS DIVISION/ HARRIS CORP./ P.O. BOX 37/ MELBOURNE FL 32901/ (305) 727-4000 

GEORGE E. HAYNAM/ 556 PARKER ROAD/ W.MELBOURNE FL 32901/ (904) 378-8118 

BOB BRUCE/ COMPUTER SYSTEMS DIV./ MAIL DROP 15/ HARRIS CORPORATION/ 1200 GATEWAY DR./ FT.LAUDERDALE FL 33307/ (305) 974-1700 X235 

ATTN: MOD COMP LIBRARY/ MS #21/ 1650 W. MCNAB ROAD/ FT. LAUDERDAL FL 33309/ (305) 974-1380 

FRED L. SCOTTI BROWARD COMMUNITY COLLEGE/ 3501 DAVIE ROAD/ FT. LAUDERDAL FL 33314/ (305) 581-8700 

JEFFREY W. GRAHAM/ GRAHAM COMPUTER ENTERPRISES INC./ 3 OFFICE PARK CIR. - SUITE 106/ BIRMINGHAM AL 35223/ (205) 870-7267 

DONALD B. CROUCH/ DEPT.OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ U. OF ALABAMA/ P.O. BOX 6316/ UNIVERSITY AL 35486/ (205) 348-6363 

PHILIP N. BERGSTRESSER/ 128 JACKSON AVE./ MADISON AL 35758/ (205) 837-2400 

MARVIN E. KURTTI/ 1327 MONTE SANO BLVD. S.E./ HUNTSVILLE AL 35~01 

JOHN D. REYNOLDS/ C/O SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CORP./ 4810 BRADFORD BOULEVARD/ HUNTSVILLE AL 35801/ (205) 837-7610 

ATTENTION: DAVID MADISON/ ADVANCED SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY DEPT./ TEXAS INSTRUMENTS INC./ 304 WYNN DRIVE/ HUNTSVILLE AL 35806/ (205) 837-7510 

PEL HSIA/ COMPUTER SCIENCE PROGRAM/ U OF ALABAMA AT HUNTSVILLE! P.O. BOX 1247/ HUNTSVILLE AL 35807/ (205) 895-6088 

SAMUEL T. BAKER/ 1310 STONEWALL BLVD./ MURFREESBORO TN 37130/ (615) 896-3362 (HOME)/ (615) 741-3531 (OFFICE) 

STANLEY B. HIGGINS/ DEPARTMENT OF MEDICINE/ VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY/ NASHVILLE TN 37232/ (615) 322-3384 

ATTENTION: GORDON R. SHERMAN/ COMPUTER CENTER/ 200 STOKELY MGMT. CENTER/ U OF TENNESSEE/ KNOXVILLE TN 37916 

CHARLES PFLEEGER/ COMPo SCI. DEPT./ U OF TENNESSEE/ KNOXVILLE TN 37916/ (615) 974-5067 

ATTN: DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ U OF MISSISSIPPI/ UNIVERSITY MS 38677 

RALPH D. JEFFORDS/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ U. OF MISSISSIPPI/ UNIVERSITY MS 38677/ (601) 232-7219 (OFFICE)/ (601) 234-0874 (HOME) 

ROBERT A. SHIVE JR./ MILLSAPS COLLEGE/ STATION A/ JACKSON MS 3~210/ (601) 354-5201 

GAY THOMAS/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT./ DRAWER CC/ MISS. STATE MS 39762/ (601) 325-2942 

BRUCE DAWSON/ COMPUTER CENTER -BELKNAP/ COMPUTER AND SYSTEMS BUILDING/ UNIVERSITY OF LOUISVILLE/ LOUISVILLE KY 40208/ (502) 588-6123 

SANDEE MITCHELL/ DEPT. OF APPLIED MATH AND COMPUTER SCI/ U. OF LOUISVILLE/ SPEED SCIENCE S/ LOUISVILLE KY 40208/ (502) 636-6661 

JERRY LEVAN/ DEPT. OF MATH. SCIENCES/ EASTERN KENTUCKY UNIV./ RICHMOND KY 40475/ (606) 622-5782 

LAVINE THRAILKILL/ COMPUTING CENTER/ 72 MCVEY HALL/ U OF KENTUCKY/ LEXINGTON KY 40506/ (606) 258-2916 

M. W. VANNIER/ WENNER-GREN RESEARCH LABORATORY/ U. OF KENTUCKY! LEXINGTON KY 40506/ (606) 258-8885 

DAVID J. RYPKA/ DEPT. OF COMPo AND INFO. SCI./ OHIO STATE UNIV./ 2036 NEIL AVENUE MALL/ COLUMBUS OH 43210/ (614) 422-7402 

ROY F. REEVES/ 1640 SUSSEX COURT/ COLUMBUS OH 43220/ (614) 422-4843 

BRIAN NELSON/ COMPUTER SERVICES/ U. OF TOLEDO/ 2801 W. BANCROFT STREET/ TOLEDO OH 43606/ (419) 537-2511 

R. B. LAKE/ BIOMETRY/ WEARN BUILDING/ UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS/ CLEVELAND OH 44106/ (216) 791-7300 

FRANK OLYNYK/ CHI CORPORATION/ 11000 CEDAR AVE./ CLEVELAND OH 44106/ (216) 229-6400 

T. S. HEINES/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ CLEVELAND STATE UNIVERSITY/ CLEVELAND OH 44115/ (216) 687-4762/ (216) 687-4760 

TOM ZWlTTER/ ADVANCED DEVELOPMENTDIV./ BUILDING B/ OHIO NUCLEAR INC./ 6000 COCHRAN RD./ SOLON OH 44139 

JOHN R. LINDSAY/ 1609 SALEM AVE./ AKRON OH 44306/ (216) 784-68/4 

ROBERT L. BRIECHLE/ THE COMPUTER CENTER/ U OF AKRON/ 302 E. BUCHTEL AVE./ AKRON OH 44325/ (216) 375-7172 

E. C. ZIMMERMAN/ COMPUTER CENTER/ THE COLLEGE OF WOOSTER/ WOOSTER OH 44691/ (216) 264-1234 X304 

PATRICIA VAN DERZEE/ PROCESS CONTROLS DIVISION/ CINCINNATI MILACRON INC./ LEBANON OH 45036/ (513) 494-5320 

ROBERT J. SNYDER/ GR.FL. UNION BUILDING DATA CENTER/ INDIANA U - PURDUE U AT INDIANAPOLIS/ 1100 WEST MICHIGAN STREET/ INDIANAPOLIS IN 46202 

ATTN: DOCUMENTS ROOM LIBRARIAN/ COMPUTING CENTER/ U OF NOTRE DAME/ NOTRE DAME IN 46637/ (219) 283-7784 

R. WALDO ROTH/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT/ TAYLOR UNIVERSITY/ UPLAND IN 46989/ (317) 998-2751 X269 

ANDREW S. PUCHRIK/ 1803 VILLAGE GREEN BLVD. #94/ JEFFERSONVILL IN 47130/ (812) 283-4059 

DOUGLAS H. QUEBBEMAN/ COMPUTING SERVICES/ INDIANA UNIV. - SOUTHEAST/ 4201 GRANTLINE ROAD/ NEW ALBANY IN 47150/ (812) 945-2731 X287 

GEORGE GRUNWALD/ DEPT. MATH. SCIENCES/ BALL STATE UNIVERSITY/ MUNCIE IN 47306/ (317) 285-6164 

GEORGE COHN 111/ 316 N. WASHINGTON/ BLOOMINGTON IN 47401/ (812) 337-9255/ (812) 337-1911 

ANTHONY J. SCHAEFFER/ 3510 DUNSTAN DR/ BLOOMINGTON IN 47401/ (~12) 334-1163/ (812) 337-9137 

LAURA SNYDER/ 402 E. 17TH/ BLOOMINGTON IN 47401 

HAL STEIN/ BOX 102 WRIGHT QUAD/ INDIANA UNIVERSITY/ BLOOMINGTON IN 47401/ (812) 337-7081 

ALFRED I. TOWELL/ WRUBEL COMPUTER CENTER/ INDIANA UNIVERSITY/ BLOOMINGTON IN 47401/ (812) 337-1911 

DAVID S. WISE/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT./ 101 LINDLEY HALL/ INDIANA U/ BLOOMINGTON IN 47401/ (812) 337-4866 

STEPHEN W. YOUNG/ WRUBEL COMPUTER CENTER/ HPER BUILDING/ INDIANA UNIVERSITY/ BLOOMINGTON IN 47401/ (812) 337-1911 

JAMES R. MILLER/ P.O. BOX 1141/ LAFAYETTE IN 47902/ (317) 494-~232 (OFFICE) 

KENNETH LEROY ADAMS/ 927 N. SALISBURY ST./ W. LAFAYETTE IN 47906/ (317) 743-9905 (HOME)/ (317) 493-9407 OR 494-8232 (WORK) 

DAN DORROUGH/ 400 NORTH RIVER RD. - 1018/ W. LAFAYETTE IN 47906/ (317) 493-9408 

DOUGLAS COMER/ COMPUTER SCIENCES DEPT./ 402 MATH BLDG./ PURDUE UNIVERSITY/ W. LAFAYETTE IN 47907/ (317) 493-3327 

DOROTHY E. DENNING/ COMPUTER SCIENCES DEPT./ 442 MATH SCIENCES BLDG./ PURDUE UNIVERSITY/ W. LAFAYETTE IN 47907 

JOSEPH H. FASEL 111/ COMPUTER SCIENCES/ 442 MATH SCIENCES BUILiliNG/ PURDUE UNIVERSITY/ W. LAFAYETTE IN 47907/ (317) 494-8566 

EDWARD F. GEHRINGER/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ MATH SCIENCES BUILDING/ PURDUE UNIVERSITY/ W. LAFAYETTE IN 47907 

ALAN A. KORTESOJA/ 701 W. DAVIS/ ANN ARBOR MI 48103/ (313) 995-6124/ (313) 995-6000

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JOHN S. GOURLAY/ 1413 MCINTYRE/ ANN ARBOR MI 48105/ (313) 994-b645 

NEIL J. BARTA/ ADP NETWORK SERVICES/ 175 JACKSON PLAZA/ ANN ARBOR MI 48106! (313) 769-6800 

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PAUL R. TEETOR! OPER. SYS. GROUP! ADP NETWORK SERVICES! 175 JACKSON PLAZA! ANN ARBOR MI 48106! (313) 769-6800 

DAVID LIPPINCOTT! INFORMATION CONTROL SYSTEMS! 313 N. FIRST SrREET! ANN ARBOR MI 48107! (313) 761-1600 EXT. 40 

PAUL PICKELMANN! 2217 CROSS! 1440 HUBBARD ST.! ANN ARBOR MI 48109! (313) 764-2121 

LOUIS F. WOJNAROSKI! MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH INST.! U. OF MICHIGAN! ANN ARBOR MI 48109! (303) 763-1143 

KARL L. ZINN/ CTR. FOR RESEARCH ON LEARNING & TEACHI! UNIV. OF MICHIGAN! 109 EAST MADISON STREET! ANN ARBOR MI 48109 

L. RICHARD LEWIS! 5806 COOLIDGE ROAD! DEARBORN MI 48127! (313) 274-6871 

GREGORY J. WINTERHALTER! 3825 NORTH ZEEB! DEXTER MI 48130 

WILLIAM GROSKY! MATH DEPT - COMPo SCI. SECTION/ WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY! DETROIT MI 48202 

RONALD G. MOSIER/ 17596 WILDEMERE! DETROIT MI 48221! (313) 956-2417 

R. NEIL FAlMAN JR.! 8235 APPOLINE/ DETROIT MI 48228! (513) 834-3065 

MARK HERSEY/ 323 VILLAGE DRIVE APT. 534! EAST LANSING MI 48823/ (517) 351-5703 (HOME)! (517) 355-1764 (OFFICE) 

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JOHN B. EULENBERG! COMPo SCI. DEPT.! MICHIGAN STATE U! EAST LANSING MI 48824! (517) 353-0831 

STEVEN L. HUYSER! COMPUTER LABORATORY! MICHIGAN STATE U! EAST LANSING MI 48824! (517) 353-1800 

MARK RIORDAN! USER SERVICES! COMPUTER LABORATORY/ MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY! EAST LANSING MI 48824! (517) 353-1800 

H. G. HEDGES! DEPT. OF COMPo SCI.! MICHIGAN STATE U! E. LANSING MI 48824! (517) 353-6484 

ALLAN MOLUF! 3410 DAVIDSON! LANSING MI 48910! (517) 393-8639 

MARK T. o' BRYAN! PRESTIGE APARTMENT E! 421 STANWOOD DRIVE! KAL AMAZOO MI 49007 

MARK C. KERSTETTER! DEPT. OF MATHEMATICS! WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY! KALAMAZOO MI 49008! (616) 383-6165 

JACK R. MEAGHER! COMPUTER SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS! WESTERN MICHIGAN UNIV.! KALAMAZOO MI 49008! (616) 383-0095 

GORDON A. STEGINK! COMPUTER CENTER! 325 MANITOU HALL! GRAND VALLEY STATE COLLEGE! ALLENDALE MI 49401! (616) 895-6611 X571 

GEORGE O. STRAWN! DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE! IOWA STATE U! AMES IA 50011! (515) 294-2259 

TOM MOBERG! ACADEMIC COMPUTING! GRINNELL COLLEGE! GRINNELL IA 50112! (515) 236-6521 

LARRY CRANE/ ELECTRONIC DATA SYSTEMS CORP.! 1200 LOCUST! DES MOINES IA 50309 

MIKE BURGHER/ DIAL COMPUTER CENTER! DRAKE UNIVERSITY/24TH AND CARPENTER! DES MOINES IA 50311! (515) 271-3918 

EDWARD O. THORLAND! COMPUTER CENTER! LUTHER COLLEGE! DECORAH IA 52101! (319) 387-1043 

ATTN: SERIALS DEPT.! UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES/ UNIVERSITY OF IOWA! IOWA CITY IA 52242 

ATTN: UCC LIBRARIAN! UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ LCM! UNIVERSITY OF IOWA! IOWA CITY IA 52242! (319) 353-3170 

MICHAEL A. BEAVER! INSTRUMENTS DIVISION! BUNKER RAMO! 902 WISCONSIN ST.! DELAVEN WI 53115 

JAMES s. BOTIC! POST OFFICE BOX 423 MS/51! JOHNSON CONTROLS INC.! 507 EAST MICHIGAN STREET! MILWAUKEE WI 53201! (414) 276-9200 

W. A. HINTON! 3469 N. CRAMER ST.! MILWAUKEE WI 53211! (414) 964-2671 (HOME)! (414) 963-4005 (OFFICE) 

BROOKS DAVID SMITH! 4473 N. NEWHALL ST./ SHOREWOOD WI 53211! (414) 963-6413 

JOHN G. DOBNICK! 3171 S. 83 ST.! MILWAUKEE WI 53219! (414) 963-5727 

HERMAN BERG! 108 E. DAYTON/ MADISON WI 53703! (608) 255-8545 

KEVIN w. CARLSON/ 1820 SUMMIT AVE! MADISON WI 53705! (608) 238,-3441 

EDWARD H. HARRIS! SYNNOVATION INC.! 2106 BASCOM ST.! MADISON WI 53705! (608) 233-1984 

ATTN: FRIEDA S. COHEN! ACADEMIC COMPUTING CENTER! U OF WISCONS.IN! 1210 W. DAYTON ST.! MADISON WI 53706 

CHARLES N. FISCHER! MACC! U OF WISCONSIN! 1210 WEST DAYTON ST. / MADISON WI 53706! (608) 262-7870 

FRANK H. HORN! ACADEMIC COMPUTER CENTER! U OF WISCONSIN! 1210 WEST DAYTON STREET! MADISON WI 53706! (608) 262-9841 

RICHARD LEBLANC/ MADISON ACADEMIC COMPUTER CENTER! U OF WISCONSIN! 1210 W. DAYTON STREET! MADISON WI 53706! (608) 262-0138 

ED GLASER! COMPUTING SERVICES! U OF WISCONSIN - GREEN BAY! GREEN BAY WI 54302! (414) 465-2309 

DAVID A. NUESSE! DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE! U OF WISCONSIN - EAU CLAIRE! EAU CLAIRE WI 54701! (715) 836-2526 

RUDOLPH C. POLENZ! INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND COMPUTING SERV! U OF WISCONSIN - EAU CLAIRE! EAU CLAIRE WI 54701! (715) 836-4428 

BRUCE A. PUMPLIN! DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE! U OF WISCONSIN - 

EAU CLAIRE! EAU CLAIRE WI 54701! (715) 836-2315 

CARL HENRY! COMPUTER CENTER! CARLETON COLLEGE! NORTHFIELD MN 5~057! (507) 645-4431 XS04 

TIMOTHY W. HOEL! ACADEMIC COMPUTER CENTER! ST. OLAF COLLEGE! NORTHFIELD MN 55057! (507) 663-3096 

CHRIS BOYLAN/ 14620 BISCAYNE WAY! ROSEMOUNT MN 55068! (612) 423-1922 

JOHN E. COLLINS! BLDG 235 F247! 3M CENTER! ST. PAUL MN 55101! (612) 736-0778 

GLENN FISHBINE! GCCPC! CCP! 444 LAFAYETTE RD.! ST. PAUL MN 55101! (612) 296-7543 

GEOFF WATTLES! P.O. BOX 4244! ST. PAUL MN 55104! (612) 331-7087 

GEORGE GONZALEZ! 1435 W. JESSAMINE APT. #305/ ST. PAUL MN 55108! (612) 647-0976 

JAMES KREILICH! 1408 ALBANY AVE.! ST. PAUL MN 55108! (612) 644-1375 

GLENN MILLER! 2317 N. HENRY ST./ N. ST. PAUL MN 55109! (612) 777-2483 

DARRELL L. WONDRA! ARH254! CONTROL DATA CORP.! 4201 LEXINGTON AVE. N.! ARDEN HILLS MN 55112! (612) 482-2542 (OFFICE)! (612) 484-3804 (HOME) 

PAUL K. HUNTWORK! CONTROL DATA CORP.! 4201 LEXINGTON AVE. N.! ST. PAUL MN 55112! (612) 482-2772 

RUSS PETERSON! ARH254! CONTROL DATA CORP.! 4201 N. LEXINGTON! ST. PAUL MN 55112! (612) 482-2548 

MARK RUSTAD! 585 HARRIET AVE #213! ST. PAUL MN 55112/ (612) ~a3-0589 

KEVIN HAUSMANN/ MINNESOTA EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING CONSOR/ 2520 l/. BROADWAY! LAUDERDALE MN 55113! (612) 376-1119 

SUE PETERSON! COMTEN INC.! 1950 W. COUNTY RD. B2! ROSEVILLE WI ~5113! (612) 633-8130 X249 

ROBERT D. VAVRA! 741 TERRACE DRIVE! ROSEVILLE MN 55113/ (612) 483-6123 

STEVEN W. WEINGART! MS 4753! SPERRY-UNIVAC! 2276 HIGHCREST DRIVE! ROSEVILLE MN 55113! (612) 633-6170 X3748 

ATTENTION: ROBERT E. NOVAK! DSPL DEVELOPMENT GROUP! SPERRY UNIVAC! UNIVAC PARK ! P.O. BOX 3525! ST. PAUL MN 55165! (612) 456-5551

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ROBERT A. LAWLER/ MS U2M23/ UNIVAC PARK/ P.O. BOX 3525/ ST. PAUL MN 55165/ (612) 456-3107 

LEO J. SLECHTA/ DSD/ SPERRY UNIVAC/ BOX 3525 MS U1U25/ ST. PAUL MN 55165/ (612) 456-2743 

RAYMOND YOUNC/ M.S. U2U22/ SPERRY UNIVAC/ P.O. BOX 3525/ ST. PAUL MN 55165/ (612) 456-5517 

DAVID HELFINSTINE/ 1136 5TH AVENUE SOUTH/ ANOKA MN 55303/ (612) 421-8964 

HAROLD DE VORE/ 13401 MORGAN AVE. SOUTH APT. 321/ BURNSVILLE MN 55337/ (701) 746-6977 

PAUL CHRISTOPHERSON/ M.S. MNll-1611/ HONEYWELL INC./ 600 SECOND STREET N./ HOPKINS MN 55343/ (612) 542-6438 

GENE H. OLSON/ 421 COUNTY ROAD 3 APT 512/ HOPKINS MN 55343/ (612) 938-2454/ 941-5560 X429 (WORK) 

ROSS D. SCHMIDT/ MN 11-2120/ HONEYWELL INC./ 600 2ND ST. NO.E.I HOPKINS MN 55343/ (612) 542-6741 

MARK BILODEAU/ ENGINEERING SYSTEMS 4TH FLOOR/ NORTHERN STATES POWER/ 414 NICOLLET MALL/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55401/ (612) 330-6749/ (612) 330-5899 

CHRIS EASTLUND/ ENGINEERING SYSTEMS 4TH FLOOR/ NORTHERN STATES POWER/ 414 NICOLLET MALL/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55401/ (612) 330-6749/ (612) 330-5899 

RICK L. MARCUS/ 1609 11TH AVE. S./ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55404/ (612) 339-1638 

JOHN STANLEY/ 607 S. 9TH ST./ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55404/ (612) 339-/728 

BRUCE M. SORLIE/ 2810 29TH AVE. S./ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55406/ (612) 729-4435 

INDULIS VALTERS/ 2810 E. 22ND STREET/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55406/ (612) 341-4430 (HOME) 

ABDUL RASAQ BELLO/ P.O. BOX 8681/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55408/ (612) 330-4106 

DON HAMNES/ 4215 PLEASANT AVE. SO./ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55409/ (612) 823-3030 

WILLIAM C. MARSHALL/ SYSTEMS AND RESEARCH CENTER/ MN-17-2321/ HONEYWELL INC./ 2700 RIDGWAY PARKWAY! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55413! (612) 378-4501 

BELLE SHENOY! MS MN17-1649! HONEYWELL INC.! 2600 RIDGWAY ROAD! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55413! (612) 378-5418 

STANLEY C. VESTAL! MS 2340! HONEYWELL INC.! 2600 RIDGWAY PKWY./ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55413! (612) 378-5046 

ATTN: KAPPA ETA KAPPA! 330 11TH AVE. S.E.! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55414! (612) 331-2133 

KEVIN R. DRISCOLL! 330 SE 11TH AVENUE! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55414! (612) 331-2133 

JOHN FUNG! 425 13TH AVE S.E. #1502/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55414/ (612) 376-5464 (OFFICE)! (612) 378-0427 (HOME) 

GARY M. JACKSON! 1008 27TH AVE. SE. APT.A! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55414! (612) 378-2178 

WALT PERKO! 727 15TH AVE. S.E.! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55414! (612) 331-6984 

WARREN STENBERG! 2012 CEDAR LAKE PKWY! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55416! (612) 920-7465 

KEITH HAUER-LOWE! 4819 COLUMBUS AVE. SO.! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55417/ (612) 633-6170 X3362 (WORK)! (612) 824-8026 (HOME) 

RICHARD HENDRICKSON/ CRAY RESEARCH INC.! 7850 METRO PARKWAY SUITE 213! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55420/ (612) 854-7472 

STEVEN N. TRAPP! 5020 MULCARE DR/ COLUMBIA HTS. MN 55421/ (612) 571-5020 

WILLIAM T. WOOD! 3820 MACALASTER DR. NE #311! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55421/ (612) 788-2390 

CALVIN STEVENS! 4936 SORELL AVE. N.! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55422/ (612) 588-7724 

KEITH BOLSON! 7425 17TH AVE. SO.! RICHFIELD MN 55423! (612) 866-4658 

JOHN ALSTRUP! INTERDATA! 4620 VALLEY VIEW ROAD/ EDINA MN 55424/ (612) 854-4264 

ROBERT A. STRYK! 5441 HALIFAX LANE! EDINA MN 55424! (612) 920-~434 (HOME)! (612) 887-4356 (OFFICE) 

RON THOMAS/ DATA 100 CORPORATION! 7725 WASHINGTON AVE. S.! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55425! (612) 941-6500 

RICHARD HOYME! 1404 KELLY DR. N.! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55427! (612)~45-4642 

HUGO MEISSER! 3021 WISCONSIN AVE. N.! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55427/ (612) 544-2349 

JACK ANDERSON/ HART ENGINEERING CO. INC./ 9341 PENN AVENUE SOUTH! BLOOMINGTON MN 55431! (612) 881-8464 

JONATHON R. GROSS! CYTROL INC.! 4510 W. 77TH ST.! EDINA MN 55435! (612) 835-4884 

DENNIS NICKOLAI! SOUTHGATE OFFICE PLAZA! CONTROL DATA CORPORATION! 5001 W. 80TH ST.! BLOOMINGTON MN 55437! (612) 830-6609 

RANDALL W. HANSEN! HQS06B/ CONTROL DATA CORPORATION! P.O. BOX O! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55440! (612) 853-5466 

JON HANSON! SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT! DATA 100 CORP! BOX 1222! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55440/ (612) 941-6500 

GENE MARTINSON! SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT! DATA 100 CORP/ BOX 1222! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55440/ (612) 941-6500 

DOUG PIHL/ SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT! DATA 100 CORP/ BOX 1222! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55440! (612) 941-6500 

BILL SIMMONS/ SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT! DATA 100 CORP! BOX 1222! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55440! (612) 941-6500 

RICHARD SPELLERBERG/ SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT! DATA 100 CORP! BOX 1222! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55440! (612) 941-6500 

JERRY STODDARD/ SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT! DATA 100 CORP! BOX 1222! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55440! (612) 941-6500 

TOM URSIN/ SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT! DATA 100 CORP/ BOX 1222! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55440! (612) 941-6500 

JAMES A. VELLENGA! SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT! DATA 100 CORP! BOX 1222/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55440! (612) 941-6500 X227 

JIM VERNON/ SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT! DATA 100 CORP! BOX 1222! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55440! (612) 941-6500 

DAVID C. MESSER/ 3205 N. HARBOR LANE APT 4301! PLYMOUTH MN 55441 

MIKE TILLER/ 2501 N. LANCASTER LN. #178! PLYMOUTH MN 55441! (612) 546-6687 

TIM BONHAM/ D605!1630 S. 6TH ST.! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55454! (612) 339-4405 

JACK LAFFE/ 320 19TH AVE. S./ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55454/ (612) 336-4946 

R. K. NORDIN/ 1615 SOUTH 4TH ST. APT.M3607! MINNEAPOLIS MN 554541 (612) 339-5232 (HOME)! (612) 482-3751 (OFFICE) 

ATTENTION: PAUL C. SMITH! CONSULTING GROUP ON INSTRUCTIONAL DESI! 205 ELLIOTT HALL! U OF MINNESOTA! EAST BANK! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455! (612) 373-5352 

ATTENTION: STEVE REISMAN/ SCH. OF DENTISTRY!CLINICAL SYS. DIV. / 8-440 HEALTH SCIENCE UNIT A! U OF MINNESOTA! EAST BANK! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455 

(612) 376-4131 

ATTN: COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT.! 114 LIND HALL! U OF MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455! (612) 373-0132 

ATTN: REFERENCE ROOM! UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ 227 EXP ENGR I U OF MINNESOTA! EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455! (612) 373-7744 

SCOTT BERTILSON! UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER! 227 EXP. ENGR.! U OF MINNESOTA! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455! (612) 376-5262 (WORK)! (612) 729-0059 (HOME) 

BRADFORD E. BLASING! 1308 CENTENNIAL HALL/ UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA! EAST BANK! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455! (612) 376-6053 

KEN BORGENDALE! C.SCI. DEPT./ 114 LIND HALL/ U OF MINNESOTA! E.AST BANK! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455! (612) 824-3389 

JEFFREY J. DRUMMOND! UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ LAUDERDALE/ U OF MINNESOTA! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455! (612) 373-4573 

RON DYKSTRA/ WEST BANK COMPUTER CENTER! 93B BLEGEN HALL! UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA! WEST BANK! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455! (612) 373-3608 

JOHN T. EASTON! SSRFC! 25E BLEGEN HALL/ U OF MINNESOTA/ WEST BANK! MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455! (612) 373-5599! (612) 373-7525

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LINCOLN FETCHER/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ 227 EXP. ENGR./ U OF MINNESOTA/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 376-1637 

KEVIN FJELSTED/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ 227 EXP ENGR/ U OF MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-4181 

K. FRANKOWSKI/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT/ 110H LIND HALL/ U OF MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-7591 

SARA K. GRAFFUNDER/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ 227 EXP. ENGR. I U OF MINNESOTA/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 376-5262 

KRISTINA GREACEN/ C.SCI. DEPT./ 114 LIND HALL/ U OF MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455 

JOEL M. HALPERN/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ 227 EXP. ENGR./ U OF MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-4181 

BRIAN HANSON/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ 227 EXP. ENGR./ U OF MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 376-5262 (OFFICE) 

THEA D. HODGE/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ 227 EXP. ENGR./ U 0 F MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-4599 

TIMOTHY J. HOFFHANN/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ 227 EXP. ENGR./ U OF MINNESOTA/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 926-9330 (HOME)/ (612) 376-5262 (WORK) 

PETER YAN-TEK HSU/ 475 FRONTIER HALL/ U OF MINNESOTA/ EAST BAN K/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-7052 

PATRICK L. JARVIS/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ 227 EXP. ENGR./ U OF MINNESOTA/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 376-1763 

GEORGE D. JELATIS/ BOX 15 MAYO/ U OF MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-8941 

MITCHELL R. JOELSON/ SSRFC/ 25 BLEGEN HALL/ U OF MINNESOTA/ WE ST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-9914/ (612) 373-5599 

DAN LALIBERTE/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ 227 EXP. ENGR./ U 0 F MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-4181 

LAWRENCE A. LIDDIARD/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ 227 EXP. ENG . BLDG./ U OF MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-5239 

DENNIS R. LIENKE/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ 227 EXP. ENGR./ U OF MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-1572 

SHIHTA LIN/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ 227 EXP ENGR/ U OF MIN NESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS t~ 55455/ (612) 373-4886 

JOHN E. LIND/ 139 TERRITORIAL HALL/ UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455 

MICHAEL MEISSNER/ C.SCI. DEPT./ 114 LIND HALL/ U OF MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455 

ANDY MICKEL/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ 227 EXP. ENGR./ U OF MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 376-7290 

JAMES F. MINER/ SSRFC/ 25 BLEGEN HALL/ U OF MINNESOTA/ WEST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-9916 

TOM MOHER/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT./ 114 LIND HALL/ UNIV. OF MIN NESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-7746 

JOHN NAUMAN/ 901 MIDDLEBROOK HALL/ U OF MINNESOTA/ WEST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 376-6596 

DAVID PERLMAN/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT/ 114 LIND HALL/ U 0 F MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-7581 

MICHAEL PRIETULA/ MISRC/ 93 BLEGEN HALL/ U OF MINNESOTA/ WEST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-4973 

TIMOTHY J SALOl UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ LAUDERDALE/ U OF MINNESOTA/ MINNEAPOLIS !~ 55455/ (612) 376-5607 

BOB SCARLETT/ PHYSICS DEPT./ 148 PHYSICS/ U OF MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-0243 

G. MICHAEL SCHNEIDER/ C.SCI. DEPT./ 114 LIND HALL/ U OF MINNES OTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-7582 

JOHN P. STRAIT/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ 227 EXP. ENGR./ U OF MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 376-7290 

JOHN URBANSKI/ WEST BANK COMPUTER CENTER/ BLEGAN HALL/ U OF MI NNESOTA/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 377-3198/ (612) 373-3608 (WORK) 

KAREN WAGGONER/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ 129 SPACE SCIENCE CENTER - SICL/ U OF MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-5768 

WARREN J. WARWICK/ DEPT. OF PEDIATRICS/ BOX 184 MAYO/ U OF MIN NESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-8886 

PETER H. ZECHMEISTER/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ 227 EXP. ENG R./ U OF MINNESOTA/ EAST BANK/ MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-4181 

ATTN: SSRFC LIBRARY/ SSRFC/ 25 BLEGEN HALL/ U OF MINNESOTA/ WEST BANK/ MINNEPOLIS MN 55455/ (612) 373-5599 

DAVID SARANEN/ 117 7TH ST. SO./ VIRGINIA MN 55792/ (218) 741-1378 

ATTENTION: DAN BURROWS/ UMD COMPUTER CENTER/ 178 M.W.ALWORTH HALL/ U OF MINNESOTA - 

DULUTH/ DULUTH MN 55812/ (218) 726-7587 

MARK LUKER/ DEPT. OF MATH SCIENCES/ U OF MINNESOTA - DULUTH/ DULUTH MN 55812/ (218) 726-8240 

L. W. YOUNGREN/ 1505 N.W. 41ST ST. APT. 18F/ ROCHESTER MN 55901/ (507) 285-9696 

GERALD W. CICH&~OWSKI/ DEPT. COMPUTER SCIENCE/ ST. MARY'S COLLEGE/ P.O. BOX 56/ WINONA MN 55987/ (507) 452-4430 X229 

JAMES F. MARTINSON/ 1210 WILLMAR AVE/ WILLMAR MN 56201/ (612) 796-2342 

ANDY LOPEZ/ COMPUTER CENTER/ U OF MINNESOTA - MORRIS/ MORRIS MN 56267/ (612) 589-1665 X321 

LARRY GROVER/ 330 ANGUS HIRE APTS #127 RT 7/ ST. CLOUD MN 56301 I (612) 252-0290 

PAUL HELVIG/ 314 4TH AVE. S./ ST. CLOUD MN 56301/ (612) 253-8081 

R. WARREN JOHNSON/ DEPT. OF MATH AND COMPo SCI./ ST. CLOUD STA TE U/ ST. CLOUD MN 56301/ (612) 255-2147 

C R CORNER/ 514 SOUTH 9TH ST/ MOORHEAD MN 56560/ (218) 233-1134 

R. I. JOHNSON/ COMPo SCI. DEPT./ U OF NORTH DAKOTA/ BOX 8181 UNIVERSITY STATION / GRAND FORKS ND 58202/ (701) 777-4107 

GARY J. BOOS/ 517 N. 7TH STREET/ BISMARCK ND 58501/ (701) 223-0441 (WORK) 

ATTN: COMPUTING CENTER/ MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY/ BOZEMAN MT 5Y715 

JAMES C. WILLIAMS/ COMPUTING CENTER/ MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY/ BOZEMAN Ml 59717/ (406) 994-3042 

ATTN: COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT/ UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA/ MISSOULA MT 59801/ (406) 243-2883 

MARK S. NIEMCZYK/ HEWITT ASSOCIATES/ 102 WiLMOT ROAD/ DEERFIELD IL 60015/ (312) 945-8000 

DANIEL M. O'BRIEN/ 665 PIERCE CT./ GRAYSLAKE IL 60030 

JOSEPH LACHMAN/ COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND SOFTWARE/ LACHMAN ASSOCIATES/ 8931 BRONX AVENUE/ SKOKIE IL 60076/ (312) 674-5685 (WORK) 

FRED E. BALLARD/ 2139 LINCOLNWOOD DRIVE/ EVANSTON IL 60201/ (312) 491-0951 (HOME)/ (312) 822-7921 (WORK) 

JOHN L. NORSTAD/ VOGELBACK COMPUTING CENTER/ NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY/ 2129 SHERIDAN RD./ EVANSTON IL 60201/ (312) 492-5369 

ALBERT STEINER/ VOGELBACK COMPUTING CENTER/ NORTHWESTERN U/ 2129 SHERIDAN ROAD/ EVANSTON IL 60201/ (312) 492-3682 

BRIT J. BARTTER/ 850A FOREST AVENUE/ EVANSTON IL 60202 

MARTIN R. KRAIMER/ B221-B247/ ARGONNE NATIONAL LAB. / 9700 S. CASS AVE. / ARGONNE IL 60439/ (312) 739-7711 X3660 

TRUMAN C. PEWITT/ APPLIED MATH DIVISION/ BLDG. 221/ ARGONNE NATI,)NAL LABORATORY/ 9700 SOUTH CASS AVENUE/ ARGONNE IL 60439/ (312) 739-7711 

TERRY E. WEYMOUTH/ 4702 BEAU BIEN LANE EAST/ LISLE IL 60532 

JONATHAN SACHS/ TRANS UNION SYSTEMS CORPORATION/ III WEST JACKSON BLVD/ CHICAGO IL 60604/ (312) 431-3330 

DAVID E. CARLTON/ DEPT. OF INFO. SCI./ NORTHEASTERN ILLINOIS U I 5500 N. ST. LOUIS AVE./ CHICAGO IL 60625 

MIKE LEMON/ 168 WEST THIRD STREET/ EL PASO IL 61738/ (309) 527-4342 

ATTN: CONSULTING OFFICE/ COMPUTING SERVICES OFFICE/ 116 DIGITAL COMPUTER LAB1 U OF ILLINOIS/ URBANA IL 61801/ (217) 333-6133 

RICHARD BALOCCA/ 114B DIGITAL COMPUTER LAB/ U OF ILLINOIS/ URBANA IL 61801/ (217) 344-5284 

ROGER GULBRANSON/ PHYSICS DEPT./ U OF ILLINOIS/ URBANA IL 61801/ (217) 344-4162 (HOME)/ (217) 333-3191 (OFFICE) 

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ATTN: RECEIVING CLERK/ CERL - SOC/ U.S. ARMY/ P.O. BOX 4005/ Cl~AIGN IL 61820/ (217) 352-6511 

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WALT PARRILL/ MID. ILLINOIS COMPUTER co-opt COTTONWOOD ROAD/ EDWARDSVILLE IL 62025/ (618) 288-7268 

DONALD S. KLETT/ SANGAMDN STATE UNIV./ SPRINGFIELD IL 62708/ (217) 786-6549 

THOMAS MELLMAN/ 603-1/2 S. WASHINGTON/CARBONDALE IL 62901/ (6 18) 457-2708 

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LARRY D. LANDIS/ UNITED COMPUTING SYSTEMS/ 2525 WASHINGTON/ KANSAS CITY MO 64108/ (816) 942-6063 

JEFFERY M. RAZAFSKY/ UNITED COMPUTING SYSTEMS INC./ 500 W. 26T:!STREET/ KANSAS CITY MO 64108/ (816) 221-9700 

ROBERT TEISBERC/ UNITED COMPUTING SYSTEMS/ 2525 WASHINGTON/ KAN,AS CITY MO 64108 

HOWARD D. PYRON/ MATH - C.SCI./ U OF MISSOURI - ROLLA/ ROLLA MO 65401/ (314) 341-4491 

LHARLES J. BANGERT/ COMPUTATION CENTER/ UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS/ P.O. DRAWER 2007/ LAWRENCE KS 66045/ (913) 864-4291 

STEVEN S. MUCHNICK/ DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ U OF KANSAS/ LAWRENCE KS 66045 

DAVID NEAL/ 1534 COLLEGE AVE UC10/ MANHATTAN KS 66502/ (913) 539-9209/ (913) 532-6350 (WORK) 

RODNEY M. BATES/ 4732 N. GLENDALE/ WICHITA KS 67220/ (316) 744-2847/ (316) 687-5275 

KEN RITCHIE/ 508 BEAMAN DR./ BELLEVUE NE 68005/ (402) 291-7224 (HOME)/ (402) 291-5400 (WORK) 

JERRY L. RAY/ 21320 OLDGATE RD./ ELKHORN NE 68022/ (402) 289-3381/ (402) 291-5400 

LYNNE J. BALDWIN/ DEPT. OF MATH/COMP. SCI./ U OF NEBRASKA/ BOX 688/ OMAHA NE 68101/ (402) 554-2836 

RONALD G. MARTIN/ 12430 WALKER DRIVE/ OMAHA NE 68123/ (402) 294-3253 

SHARAO c. SETH/ DEPT. OF COMPo SCI./ U OF NEBRASKA/ LINCOLN NE 68588/ (402) 472-3488 

D. B. KILLEEN/ COMPUTER LAB/ RICHARDSON BLDG./ TULANE UNIVERSITY/ NEW ORLEANS LA 70118 

FRED A. HOSCH/ COMPUTER RESEARCH CENTER/ UNIV. OF NEW ORLEANS/ NEW ORLEANS LA 70122/ (504) 283-0347 

SAM HILLS/ 3514 LOUISIANA AVE. PKWY./ NEW ORLEANS LA 70125/ (504) 821-1737 

ATTN: SERIALS DEPT./ U. OF S.W. LOUISIANA LIBRARIES/ 302 E. ST. MARY BLVD./ LAFAYETTE LA 70504 

WARREN JOHNSON/ U OF SOUTHWESTERNLOUISIANA/ BOX 4-2770 USL STATION/ LAFAYETTE LA 70504/ (318) 234-7349 

ED KATZ/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT./ U OF SOUTHWESTERNLOUISIANA/ BOX 4-4330 USL STATION/ LAFAYETTE LA 70504/ (318) 233-6840/ (318) 233-6767 

STEVE LANDRY/ COMPUTER CENTER/ U OF SOUTHWESTERNLOUISIANA/ P.O. BOX 4-2770/ LAFAYETTE LA 70504/ (318) 234-7349 

DAVID LANDSKOV/ U OF SOUTHWESTERNLOUISIANA/ USL BOX 4-4154/ LAFAYETTE LA 70504/ (318) 234-7640 

A. I. STOCKS/ P.O. BOX 4-1039/ USL STATION/ LAFAYETTE LA 70504/ (318) 233-3850 X538 

TERRY M. WALKER/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT./ U OF SOUTHWESTERNLOU ISIANA/ P.O. BOX 4-4330/ LAFAYETTE LA 70504/ (318) 234-7640 

MIKE CHALENBURG/HARDING COLLEGE/ BOX 4/ SEARCY AR 72143/ (501) 268-6161 X322 

JOHN NUNNALLY/ HARDING COLLEGE/ BOX 744/ SEARCY AR 72143/ (501) 268-6161 X440 

DENNIS DANCE/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT./ UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS AT LITTLE ROCK/ 33RD AND UNIVERSITY/LITTLE ROCK AR 72204/ (501) 569-3252 

RICHARD V. ANDREE/ MATH DEPT./ U OF OKLAHOMA/ NORMAN OK 73019/ (405) 325-3410 

MARY DEE FOSBERG/ 600 TIMBER LANE/ EDMOND OK 73034 

ARDOTH H. WILSON/ COMPUTER CENTER/ CENTRAL STATE UNIVERSITY/ EDMOND OK 73034/ (405) 341-2980 X321 

RALPH HOWENSTINE/ P.O. BOX 1327/ NORMAN OK 73070 

DAVID HUSNIAN/ 1731 N.W. 29TH/ OKLAHOMA CITY OK 73106/ (213) 521-1547 

STEPHEN A. PITTS/ 305 EAST JARHAN DRIVE/ MIDWEST CITY OK 73110/ (405) 732-4060 

DAVE R. ELAND/ ORAL ROBERTS UNIVERSITY/ 7777 SOUTH LEWIS/ TULSA OK 74171/ (918) 492-6161 

ROGER R. BATE/ 3428 MISSION RIDGE/ PLANO TX 75023/ (214) 238-3U52 

JOE c. ROBERTS/ 1529 MEAOOWCREST/GARLAND TX 75042 

GILBERT J. HANSEN/ 3104 BONNIEBROOKDRIVE/ PLANO TX 75075/ (214) 423-7837 

BRIAN W. JOHNSON/ 1525 WESTLAKE/ PLANO TX 75075/ (214) 690-2885 

ATTN: COMPUTER SERVICES - F01.3/ U. OF TEXAS AT DALLAS/ P.O. BOX 688/ RICHARDSON TX 75080/ (214) 690-2651 

GEORCE LIGLER/ 1000 W. SPRING VALLEY RD. APT. 263/ RICHARDSON TX 75080/ (214) 231-0825 

FRANK DUNN/ 1912 E. SPRING VALLEY ROAD/ RICHARDSON TX 75081/ (214) 231-3423 

DAVE HABERMAN/ 1806 AUBURN DRIVE/ RICHARDSON TX 75081/ (214) 238-4446/ (214) 238-5357 

J. P. HARVELL/ ADV. SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 410-260/ ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL/ 1200 N. ALMA ROAD/ RICHARDSON TX 75081/ (214) 783-3854 

DOUGLAS S. JOHNSON/ 907 EDGEWOOD DR/ RICHARDSON TX 75081/ (214) 238-4092 (TI) 

KENNETH L. WILLIAMS/ 614 CLEARWOOD DR./ RICHARDSON TX 75081/ (214) 341-6278 

.u.KKA. SCHROEDER/ 6451 VANDERBILT/DALLAS TX 75214/ (214) 824-0834 

DEXTERCOOK/3040PARKLANEAPT. 106/DALLASTX 75220/(214)3)8-3794 

DONNA K. DUNAWAY/ TEXAS INSTRUMENTSINC./ P.O. BOX 5936 - MS132/ DALLAS TX 75222/ (214) 238-2635 

TED FISHMAN/ TEXAS INSTRUMENTS/P.O. BOX 6015 (MS 3101)/ DALLAS TX 75222/ (214) 689-4111 X330 

DENNIS J. FRAILEY/ COMPo SCI. DEPT./ SOUTHERN METHODIST UNIV./ DALLAS TX 75222 

DAVID E. BREEDING/ HARRIS DATA COMM DIV/ 11262 INDIAN TRAIL/ DALLAS TX 75229/ (214) 620-4294 

JERRY SCHIEFFER/ HARRIS CORPORATION/ 11262 INDIAN TRAIL/ DALLAS TX 75229/ (214) 620-4237 

T. W. EKBERC/ HARRIS DATA COMMUNICATIONS/11262 INDIAN TRAIL/ DALLAS TX 75234/ (214) 620-4208 

SAM LISOOK/ HARRIS DATA COMMUNICATIONSDIV./ 11262 INDIAN TRAIL _ P.O. BOX 44076/ DALLAS TX 75234/ (214) 620-4225 

JOHN EARLS/ SUITE 509W/ ARTHUR A. COLLINS INC./ 13601 PRESTON RD./ DALLAS TX 75240/ (214) 661-2928 

GERALD A. SHOULTS/ 13336 MAHAM RD. APT. 138/ DALLAS TX 75240/ (214) 238-4458 (OFFICE)/ (214) 234-2182 (HOME)

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84112 

W. J. MEYERS/ 4-214S TKE TIMBERS/ 13447 N. CENTRAL EXPR./ DALLAS TX 75243/ (214) 231-4869 

JOE COINTMENT/ 77D9 QUEENS GARDEN DR./ DALLAS TX 75248/ (214) 387-0468 

JOHN J. ALLAN 111/ CENTER FOR SPECIAL STUDIES/ 118 CARUTK KALLI SOUTHERN METHODIST UNIV./ SCHOOL OF ENGR. AND APPL. SCIENCE/ DALLAS TX 75275 

(214) 692-3058 

GARY CEDERQUIST/ SOUTHERN METKODIST UNIV./ BOX 2112/ DALLAS TX /5275 

JANET TAYLOR/ USER SERVICES/ COMPUTING CENTER/ SOUTKERN METHODIST UNIVERSITY/ DALLAS TX 75275/ (214) 692-2900 

JESSE D. MIXON/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ STEPHEN F. AUSTIN STATE U/ P.O. BOX 6167 SFA STATION/ NACOGDOCHES TX 75961/ (713) 569-2508 

MICHAEL SETTLE/ 751 WASHINGTON #115/ ARLINGTON TX 76011 

PHILIP STEPHENSON/ COMPUTER TRAINING & DEVELOPMENT/ UNIV. OF TEXAS-ARLINGTON/ BOX 19608/ ARLINGTON TX 76019/ (817) 273-3666 

RANDY BEST/ 5878 CALLOWAY DR. NORTH/ FT. WORTH TX 76114/ (817) 731-4974 

EDWARD E FERGUSON/ 1222 AUSTIN AVE/ DENTON TX 76201/ (214) 231-9736 

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S. BALASUBRAMANIAN/ SHELL DEVELOPMENT COMPANY/ PO BOX 481/ KOUSTON TX 77001/ (713) 667-5661 

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TONEY MORELOCK/ TEXAS EASTERN TRANSMISSION/ P.O. BOX 2521/ HOUSTON TX 77001/ (713) 651-0161 

CKARLES L. HETHCOAT 111/ C/O PIPELINE TECKNOLOGISTS INC./ P.O. BOX 22146/ HOUSTON TX 77027/ (713) 622-3456 X334 (WORK)/ (713) 626-7737 (HOME) 

JAMES A. KENDALL/ MHMR/TRIMS/ TEXAS MEDICAL CENTER/ HOUSTON TX 77030/ (713) 797-1976 

JOHN EARL CRIDER/ 2918 KEVIN LANE/ HOUSTON TX 77043/ (713) 665-3016 

SCOTT K. WARREN/ ROSETTA ALGORITHMS/ 2414 BRANARD #D/ KOUSTON TX 77098/ (713) 526-0849 

RUSSELL W ZEARS/ BIOMETRY LAB/ 449 ADMINISTRATION BLDG R7/ UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL BRANCK/ GALVESTON TX 77550/ (713) 765-1813 

RICKARD HUBER/ DEPT. OF INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING/ TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY/ COLL. STATION TX 77843/ (713) 845-5531 X256 

MIKE GREEN/ DATAPOINT CORPORATION/ 9725 DATAPOINT DRIVE/ SAN ANTONIO TX 78284/ (512) 699-7345 

WILLETT KEMPTON/ 2512 SAN GABRIEL ST./ AUSTIN TX 78705 

ATTN: DOROTHY SMITH - REFERENCE LIBRAR/ COMPUTATION CENTER/ U OF TEXAS AUSTIN/ AUSTIN TX 78712/ (512) 471-3242 

WILKELM BURGER/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCES/ 328 PAINTER KALL/ UNIV. OF TEXAS - AUSTIN/ AUSTIN TX 78712/ (512) 471-1902 

rOM KEEL/ COMPUTATION CENTER/ UNIV. OF TEXAS - 

AUSTIN/ AUSTIN TX 78712 

WAYNE SEIPEL/ BOX 8259 U.T. STA./ AUSTIN TX 78712/ (512) 472-1773 

WALLY WEDEL/ COMPUTATION CENTER/ U OF TEXAS AUSTIN/ AUSTIN TX 78712/ (512) 471-3242 

EDWARD P. STRITTER/ V BLDG./ MOTOROLA/ 3501 ED BLUESTEIN BLVD. I AUSTIN TX 78721/ (512) 928-2600 XS01 

DONALD G. WEISS/ 3501 ED BLUESTEIN BLVD./ AUSTIN TX 78721/ (512) 928-2600 

JOEL BONEY/ 6707 LASALLE/ AUSTIN TX 78723/ (512) 928-4649 

DAVID W. HOGAN/ 4104 AVENUE F/ AUSTIN TX 78751 

TERRY RITTER/ 12002B POLLYANNA AVE./ AUSTIN TX 78753/ (512) 928-2600 XS32 

WILLIAM L. COHAGAN/ SUITE 211/ S/B/P & C ASSOCIATES/ 8705 SHOAL CREEK BLVD./ AUSTIN TX 78758/ (512) 458-2276 

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DAVID N. GRAY/ MS 2188/ TEXAS INSTRUMENTS/ P.O. BOX 2909/ AUSTIN TX 78769/ (512) 258-5121 X2377 

HARRY P. HAIDUK/ DEPT. OF COMPo INFO. SYSTEMS/ WEST TEXAS STATE U/ CANYON TX 79015/ (806) 656-3966 

MAURICE BALLEW/ COMPUTER SERVICES/ TEXAS TECH UNIVERSITY/ BOX 4519/ LUBBOCK TX 79409/ (806) 742-2900 

LfnNARD H. WEINER/ DEPT. OF MATH AND COMPo SCI./ TEXAS TECK. UI P.O. BOX 4319/ LUBBOCK TX 79409/ (806) 742-2571 

D. A. CAUGHFIELD/ 609 E. N. 21ST/ ABILENE TX 79601/ (915) 672-1604 

JOHN TUCKER/ 628 E.N. 16TH ST./ ABILENE TX 79601/ (915) 673-2840 

GREGG E. MARSHALL/ P.O. BOX 2784/ DENVER co 80201/ (303) 499-1000 X4482 

NORMAN To OLSEN/ C/O AUTO TROL CORP./ 5650 N. PECOS/ DENVER CO 80201/ (303) 458-5900 

DAVID M. WARNER/ 755 VISTA LANE/ LAKEWOOD CO 80215/ (303) 238-0900 

ATTN: CHIEF BRANCH OF DATA SYSTEM SERV/ HSAC-POB 25367/ MINE ENFORCEMENT AND SAFETY ADM./ DENVER FEDERAL CENTER/ DENVER co 80225/ (303) 234-3025 

ATTN: LIBRARY/ 67 DENVER FEDERAL CENTER/ BUREAU OF RECLAMATION I DENVER CO 80225 

ATTN: KARIN & MICHELE - 

PASCAL DISTRIB/ COMPUTING CENTER LIBRARY/ UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO/ 3645 MARINE STREET/ BOULDER co 80302/ (303) 492-8131 

KOWARD BUSSEY JR./ NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMIN/ BLDG. 1 RM 4557/ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COM}ffiRCE/BOULDER CO 80302 

RAYNER K. ROSICH/ OT/ITS/ U.S. DEPT. OF COM}ffiRCE/325 BROAD\IM I BOULDER CO 80302/ 

(303) 499-1000 X3109 

JOE WATKINS/ 2895 18TK STREET/ BOULDER 00 80302/ (303) 443-8598 

DENNIS R. ELLIS/ C/O CRAY RESEARCH/ 75 MANHATTAN DR. - 

SUITE #3/ BOULDER 00 80303/ (303) 499-3055 

VINCENT B. WAYLAND/ C/O CRAY RESEARCH INC./ 75 MANHATTAN DRIVE SUITE 3/ BOULDER CO 80303/ (303) 499-3055 

BRUCE K. RAY/ POLYMORPHIC COMPUTER SYSTEMS/ P.O. BOX 3581/ BOULDER CO 80307/ (303) 443-5362 

LLOYD D. FOSDICK/ DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ ECOT 7-7/ U OF COLORADO/ BOULDER CO 8309/ (303) 492-7514 

GEORGE H. RICHMOND/ COMPUTING CENTER/ UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO/ 3645 MARINE STREET/ BOULDER co 80309/ (303) 492-8131 

TERRY L. SPEAR/ CLIPR/ E318 MUENZINGER/ UNIV. OF COLORADO/ BOULDER co 80309/ (303) 492-6991 

WILLIAM M. WAITE/ ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPT./ SOFTWARE ENGINEERING GROUP/ UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO/ BOULDER CO 80309 

HERBERT RUBENSTEIN/ 401 GARDEN STREET/ GOLDEN CO 8041/ (303) 278-3469 

ATTN: USER SERVICES GROUP/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ COLORADO STATE U/ FORT COLLINS co 80523/ (303) 491-5133 

DALE H. GRIT/ DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ COLORADO STATE UI FT. COLLINS CO 80523/ (303) 491-7033 

JEFF EASTMAN/ CALCULATOR PRODUCTS DIV./ HEWLETT PACKARD/ P.O. BOX 301/ LOVELAND CO 80537 

KENRY R. BAUER 111/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT./ UNIVERSITY OF WYOMING/ BOX 3682/ LARAMIE WY 82071/ (307) 766-5134 

KYU Y. LEE/ E.G.& G. IDAHO INC./ P.O. BOX 1625/ IDAHO FALLS ID 83401/ (208) 526-0111 X321 

JOHN DICKINSON/ DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL ENGR./ 214 BEL/ UNIV. OF IDAHO/ MOSCOW ID 83843/ (208) 885-6554/6555 

ATTN: B1700 PROTEUS PROJECT/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT./ 3160 MEB/ U OF UTAH/ SALT LAKE CIT UT 84112/ (801) 581-8224 

MARTIN L GRISS/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT/ U OF UTAH/ SALT LAKE CIT UT 84112/ (801) 581-6542

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87544 

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91103 

91107 

M. A. KLEINERT/ COMPo SCI. DEPT./ 3160 MERRILL ENG. BLDG./ U OF UTAH/ SALT LAKE CIT UT 84112 

GARY LINDSTROM/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT./ U OF UTAH/ SALT LAKE CIT UT 84112/ (801) 581-8224 

ED SHARP/ COMPUTER CENTER/ U OF UTAH/ SALT LAKE CIT UT 84112/ (801) 581-6802 

DENNIS FAIRCLOUGH/ EYRING RESEARCH INSTITUTE/ 1455 WEST 820 NORTH/ PROVO UT 84601/ (801) 375-2434 

PAUL GODFREY/ 41 SOUTH 500 WEST/ PROVO UT 84601/ (801) 377-4331 

THEODORE A. NORMAN/ COMPo SCI. DEPT./ BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY/ PROVO UT 84602/ (801) 374-1211 X3027 

RICHARD OHRAN/ ELECTICAL ENGINEERING DEPT/ 459 ESTB/ BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY/ PROVO UT 84602/ (801) 374-1211 X4012 

E. W. ERRICKSON/ P.O. BOX 11472/ PHOENIX AZ 85061/ (602) 242-3420 

DENNIS KODlMER/ SUITE 100/ TERAK CORPORATION/ 14425 N. SCOTTSDALE RD./ SCOTTSDALE AZ 85260/ (602) 991-1580 

BRIAN D. LOCKREY/ COMPUTER SERVICES ECA-l09/ ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY/ TEMPE AZ 85281/ (602) 965-7327 

PATRICK PECORARO/ UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER/ U OF ARIZONA/ TUCSON AZ 85721/ (602) 884-2901 

R. W. MILKEY/ KITT PEAK NATIONAL OBSERVATORY/ P.O. BOX 26732/ TUCSON AZ 85726/ (602) 327-5511 

W. RICHARD STEVENS/ KITT PEAK NATIONAL OBSERVATORY/ P.O. BOX 26732/ TUCSON AZ 85726/ (602) 327-5511 

JOHN E. WAHL/ P.O. BOX 18078/ TUCSON AZ 85731/ 

(602) 747-0700 X307 

NEAL H. CHAMPION/ 435 S. GRANITE/ PRESCOTT AZ 86301 

TOM SANDERSON/ RFO 1 BOX 459/ BELEN NM 87002 

BOB WALSH/ 817 LAFAYETTE DR. NE/ ALBUQUERQUE NM 87106/ (505) 268-1654 

DON H. ROWLAND/ 5805 TORREON DR./ ALBUQUERQUE NM 87109/ (505) 821-9207 (HOME)/ (505) 264-9149 (OFFICE) 

ATTENTION: ARMENELLA VINSON/ E.G. & G. INC./ PO BOX 10218 - ALAMEDA STA./ ALBUQUERQUE NM 87114/ (505) 898-8000 EXT 246 

ALFRED J. HULBERT/ INHALATIONTOXICOLOGY RESEARCH INST./ P.O. BOX 5890/ ALBUQUERQUE NM 87115/ (505) 264-2030 

BRUCE LINK/ DIVISION 1712/ SANDIA LABORATORIES/ ALBUQUERQUE NM 87115 

NANCY RUIZ/ ORG. 5166/ SANDIA LABS/ ALBUQUERQUE NM 87115/ (505) 264-3690 

ATTN: AIR FORCE WEAPONS LABORATORY/ DYM (HARRY M. MURPHY JR.)/ KIRTLAND AFB NM 87117/ (505) 264-9317 

KAY A. HANSBOROUGH/ 2377B 45TH ST./ LOS ALAMOS NM 87544/ (505) 662-9369 (HOME)/ (505) 667-5275 (OFFICE) 

BILL BUZBEE! LOS ALAMOS SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY! C-DO MS-260! UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA! P.O. BOX 1663/ LOS ALAMOS NM 87545 

ROBERT T. JOHNSON! C-l1 MAIL STOP 296! LOS ALAMOS SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY! P.O. BOX 1663! LOS ALAMOS NM 87545! (505) 667-5014 

JOHN MONTAGUE/ GROUP Cll/ MAIL STOP 296! LOS ALAMOS SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY! LOS ALAMOS NM 87545 

JAMES DARLING! NEW MEXICO TECH! BOX 2139 CAMPUS STATION! SOCORRO NM 87801! (505) 835-5455 

T. A. NARTKER! NEW MEXICO INSTITUTEOF MINING AND TEC! SOCORRO NM 87801! (505) 835-5126 

KIM L. SHIVELEY! NEW MEXICO TECH.! P.O. BOX 2129 C.S.! SOCORRO NM 87801! (505) 835-5766 

J. MACK ADAMS! COMPo SCI. DEPT.! NEW MEXICO STATE U! BOX 3CU! LAS CRUCES NM 88003! (505) 646-3723 

ATTN: USER SERVICES LIBRARIAN! UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER! NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY! BOX 3AT! LAS CRUCES NM 88003! (505) 644-4433 

ATTN: RESEARCH PROGRAMMINGADVISOR! COMPUTING CENTER! U. OF NEVADA - LAS VEGAS! 4505 MARYLAND PARKWAY! LAS VEGAS NV 89154! (702) 739-3557 

JOHN WERTH! DEPT. OF MATH! U OF NEVADA LAS VEGAS! LAS VEGAS NV !S9154! (702) 739-3715 

ATTENTION: ROY MAXION-PROGRAMMINGADVI! UNS COMPUTING CENTER! 22 WR! U OF NEVADA/ BOX 9068! RENO NV 89507! (702) 784-4008 

GARY CARTER/ SEISMOLOGY DEPT./ MACKAY SCHOOL OF MINES! U OF NEVADA RENO! RENO NV 89507 

WILLIAM R. 30NHAM! SIERRA DIGITAL SYSTEMS! 1440 WESTFIELD AVE./ RENO NV 89509/ (702) 329-9548 

ATTN: ACADEMIC SERVICES! UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTER! U OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA! 1020 W. JEFFERSON BLVD.! LOS ANGE~ES CA 90007/ (213) 746-2957 

JORGEN STAUNSTRUP! COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT.! UNIV. OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA! UNIVERSITY PARK! LOS ANGELES CA 90007! (213) 748-1977 

FREDERICK C. COWAN! MAIL STATION A2-2043! THE AEROSPACE CORP.! P.O. BOX 92957/ LOS ANGELES CA 90009! (213) 648-6482 

~NN~ltl luUNG! 3311 WEST 3RD ST. APT. 1-319/ LOS ANGELES CA 90020! (213) 383-9666 

ERIC PUGH! 632 LEVERING AVE. APT. D! LOS ANGELES CA 90024! (213) 479-1352 

KARL H. RYDEN! HEALTH SCIENCES COMPUTING FACILITY! 23 DEPT OF BIOMATH! UCLA/ LOS ANGELES CA 90024! (213) 825-5200 

BRUCE SEILER! DEPT. OF CHEMISTRY/ UCLA! 405 HILGARD AVENUE/ LOS ANGELES CA 90024! (213) 825-3818 

WILLIAM MOSKOWITZ! INSTRUCTIONAL SUPPORT GROUP! CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY/ 5670 WILSHIRE BOULEVARD! LOS ANGELES CA 90036! (213) 852-5780 

STEVEN BARRYTE! 6620 W. 5TH STREET/ LOS ANGELES CA 90048! (213) 653-8697 

DAVID G. CLEMANS! 2830 SEPULVEDA APT.20! LOS ANGELES CA 90064! (213) 473-7961 

ERWIN BOOK! 3169 COLBY AVENUE/ LOS ANGELES CA 90066 

HOWARD H. METCALF! 2590 GLEN GREEN #4! HOLLYWOOD CA 90068 

ARTHUR I. SCHWARZ! BLDG. 150/MS A222! HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO.! CULVER CITY CA 90230 

ATTN: LAL CHAN DANI ENTERPRISES!COMPUTER LAND! 16919A HAWTHORNE BLVD.! LAWNDALE CA 90260 

JIM HIGHTOWER! 4947 BROWNDEERLANE/ RANCHO PALOS CA 90274! (213) 541-4662 

MARK L. ROBERTS! RYAN MCFARLAND CORPORATION! 608 SILVER SPUR ROAD! ROLL.H.ESTATE CA 90274! (213) 377-0491 

JOHN R. DEALY! BLDG. R3!1072! TRW DSSG! ONE SPACE PARK/ REDONDO BEACH CA 90278! (213) 535-0833 

WILEY GREINER! 90!2178! TRW DSSG/ ONE SPACE PARK! REDONDO BEACH CA 90278! (213) 535-0313 

J. B. HEIDEBRECHT! 2178 BLD. 90! TRW DSSG/ ONE SPACE PARK! REDONDO BEACH CA 90278! (213) 535-0313 

DENNIS HEIMBIGNER! 2500 CARNEGIE LANE #B! REDONDO BEACH CA 90278! (213) 535-0833 

RALPH L. LONDON/ INFORMATIONSCIENCES INSTITUTE! U OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA! 4676 ADMIRALTY WAY! MARINA DEL RE CA 90291! (213) 822-1511 X195 

MICHAEL TEENER! TECHNOLOGY SERVICE CORP.! 2811 WILSHIRE BLVD.! SANTA MONICA CA 90403! (213) 829-7411 X244 

WiLLIAM E. FISHER! 2074 SANTA FE AVENUE! TORRANCE CA 90501 

JOHN R. BARR! 22014 REYNOLDS DRIVE! TORRANCE CA 90503! (213) 648-8295! (213) 540-1381 

PHYLLIS A. REILLY/ 19711 GALWAY AVENUE! CARSON CA 90746/ (213) 321-5215 

CLARK M. R08ERTS/ 219 VIOLET AVENUE! MONROVIA CA 91016/ (213) 456-3858 (HOME)! (213) 658-2405 (WORK) 

E. E. SIMMONS/ 455 SOUTH OAKLAND AVE/ PASADENA CA 91101 

CHARLES L. LAWSON! JET PROPULSION LABORATORY!MS 125!128! CALIFORNIA INSTITUTEOF TECHNOLOGY! 4800 OAK GROVE DR.! PASADENA CA 91103! (213) 354-4321 

R08ERT M. LANSRJRD! 3620 GREENHILL ROAD! PASADENA CA 91107! (213) 351-0206

91109 

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ATTN: LIBRARY/ BURROUGHS CORP./ 460 SIERRA MADRE VILLA/ PASADENA CA 91109/ (213) 351-6551 X505 

KEN MODESITT/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT./ CALIFORNIA STATE UNIV./ 18111 NORDHOFF ST./ NORTHRIDGE CA 91330 

MARK T. MARSHALL/ 18229 TOPHAM ST./ RESEDA CA 91335/ (213) 345-1739 

ED KEITH/ CITRUS COLLEGE/ 18824 E. FOOTHILL BLVD./ AZUSA CA 91702/ (213) 335-0521 X313! (213) 963-1052 

GERALD BRYAN/ SEAVER COMPUTER CENTER/ CLAREMONT COLLEGES! CLAREMONT CA 91711! (714) 626-8511 X3228 

CHRIS P. LINDSEY/ COMPUTING! HARVEY MUDD COLLEGE! CLAREMONT CA 91711! (.714) 626-8511 X2897 

STANLEY E. LUNDE/ 890 HOOD DRIVE/ CLAREMONT CA 91711/ (714) 626-9977 

DAVID C. FITZGERALD! 652 S. CULLEN! GLENDORA CA 91740/ (213) 335-6055 

TOM GREER/ 224 N. ALABAMA ST./ SAN GABRIEL CA 91775 

MARK J. KAUFMAN! 916 E WASHINGTON APT. 108! ESCONDIDO CA 92025! (714) 743-5911 

K. DOUGLAS JOHNSTON! 1375 N BROADWAY APT F-2! ESCONDIDO CA 92026! (714) 743-5830! (714) 485-2309 (WORK) 

LANCE A. LEVENTRAL/ P.O. BOX 1258! RANCHO SANTAF CA 92067! (714) 755-6541 

KEN BOWLES! APIS DEPT./ C-21! U OF CALIFORNIA - SAN DIEGO/ LA JOLLA CA 92093! (714) 755-7288! 452-4526 

JIM MADDEN! C-010 COMPUTER CENTER/ UNIV. OF CALIFORNIA - SAN ,IEGO! LA JOLLACA 92093! (714) 452-4067 

MARK OVERGAARD! APIS DEPT./ C-014! U OF CALIFORNIA - SAN DIEGO! LA JOLLA CA 92093! (714) 452-4723 

DAVID M. BULMAN! PRAGMATICS INC.! BOX 33228! SAN DIEGO CA 921Q3! (714) 565-0565 

WARREN EDWARD LOPER/ 6542 ALCALA KNOLLS DR./ SAN DIEGO CA 9211!1! (714) 560-0718 (HOME)! (714) 225-2480 (WORK) 

LOUIS A. BENTON! STAFF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY CORP.! 10457 J ROSE~LE ST.! SAN DIEGO CA 92121! (714) 453-0303 

CRAIG MAUDLIN! SUITE M! RENAISSANCE SYSTEMS! 11760 SORRENTO VALLEY RD.! SAN DIEGO CA 92121! (714) 452-0681 

GORDON J. WOOD/ 5818 MOTT ST./ SAN DIEGO CA 92122! (714) 453-8167 

MICHAEL S. BALL! CODE 632! NAVAL OCEAN SYSTEMS CENTER! SAN DIEGO CA 92152 

KENNETH O. LELAND! R & D CENTER! NAVY PERSONNEL! CODE 9303/ SAN DIEGO CA 92152! (714) 225-7388! 933-7388 (DEF. DEPT. AV) 

DAVID H. WELCH! P.O. BOX 721! COLTON CA 92324 

TED C. PARK/ SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT/ SUITE 302! MEDICAL DATA CONSULTANTS/ 1894 COMMERCENTER WEST! SAN BERNARDIN CA 92408! (714) 825-2683 

ATTN: COMPUTER SCIENCES INSTITUTE/ U OF CALIFORNLA! RIVERSIDE CA 92507 

KURT COCKRUM! 3398 UTAH! RIVERSIDE CA 92507! (714) 682-1907 

ATTENTION: A.S. WILLIAMS/ LIBRARY/ TECHNOLOGY MARKETING INC.! 3170 RED HILL AVE.! COSTA MESA CA 92626! (714) 979-1100 

SEYMOUR SINGER! BLDG 606!M.S. K110/ HUGHES AIRCRAFT CO./ P.O. BOX 3310/ FULLERTON CA 92634 

ED HlRAHARA/ 25062 GRISSOM RD.! LAGUNA HILLS CA 92653/ (714) 8/1-3232 X3073/ OR X3989 

L. M. FOSTER/ COLLINS GOVT. TELECOMM. DIV. TECH. INF! ROCKWELL INTERNATIONAL CORP.! 4311 JAMBOREE ROAD (501-105)! NEWPORT BEACH CA 92663! (714) 388-4389 

ROBERT L. JARDINE! BURROUGHS CORP.! 25725 JERONIMO ROAD! MISSION VIEJO CA 92675! (714) 768-2370 

ROBERT L. HARTMAN/ 1425 E. FRANZEN AVE./ SANTA ANA CA 92701! 

(714) 646-7466 

COLE A. CHEVALIER! CONTROL DATA CORPORATION! 3519 W. WARNER/ SANTA ANA CA 92704! (714) 754-4134 

CHARLES J. FETE/ W-14! C!O CONTROL DATA CORP.! 3519 W. WARNER AVE.! SANTA ANA CA 92704! (714) 754-4155 

.JIM FONTANA! CONTROL DATA CORPORATION/ 3519 W. WARNER AVE./ SANTA ANA CA 92704! (714) 754-4102 

S. J. PACKER/ CONTROL DATA CORPORATION/ 3519 W. WARNER AVE./ SANTA ANA CA 92704! (714) 754-4129 

WALTER KOSINSKI! INFORMATION SCIENCES CONSULTING! 1654 SE SKYLINE DRIVE! SANTA ANA CA 92705! (714) 838-9387 

GREGORY L. HOPWOOD/ MINICOMPUTER OPERATIONS/ SPERRY UNIVAC! 2722 MICHELSON DRIVE! IRVINE CA 92713/ (714) 833-2400 

BOB HUTCHINS! COMPUTER AUTOMATION INC./ 18651 VON KARMAN! IRVINE CA 92713/ (714) 833-8830 X335 

ERIC OLSEN/ VARIAN DATA MACHINES/ 2722 MICHELSON DRIVE! IRVINE CA 92713! (714) 833-2400 

WILLIAM E. CROSBY/ 15381 ORLEANS CIR./ IRVINE CA 92714! (714) ~51-5632 

RUDY L. FOLDEN/ 14681 COMET ST.! IRVINE CA 92714! (714) 552-0398 

STEVE LUNDQUIST! 5142 CHATEAU CIRCLE! IRVINE CA 92714/ (714) 871-3232 X4352 

DONALD D. PECKHAM! PERTEC COMPUTER CORP.! 17112 ARMSTRONG AVE.! SANTA ANA CA 92714! (714) 540-8340 

WILLLAM J. EARL! 6 LEMON TREE/ IRVINE CA 92715/ (714) 552-1543 

JOHN M. GRAM! COMPUTING FACILITY! U OF CALIFORNIA/ IRVINE CA 92717! (714) 833-6844 

JON F. HUERAS/ DEPT. OF INFORMATION AND COMPo SCI./ U OF CALIfORNIA IRVINE/ IRVINE CA 92717/ (714) 833-2400 

WILLIAM L. COOPER! ORG 4400! INTERSTATE ELECTRONICS! 707 E. VERMaNI! ANAHEIM CA 92805! (714) 772-2811 X1848 

DAVID W. GIEDT! 5421 WILLOWICK CIR./ ANAHEIM CA 92807! (714) 7/2-2811 

D. MARCUS/ GTE INFORMATION SYSTEMS! 5300 E. LA PALMA! ANAHEIM CA 92807! (714) 524-4461 

JIM MCCORD/ SYSTEMETRICS INC.! 120' E. DE LA GUERRA STREET! SANTA BARBARA CA 93101! (805) 963-8941 

ATTENTION: NANCY BROOKS! SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DIVISION/ GENERAL RESEARCH CORPORATION! 5383 HOLLISTER AVE.! SANTA BARBARA CA 93105! (805) 964-7724 

ROBERT ALAN DOLAN! SPEECH COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH LAB/ 800A MIRAMONTE DRIVE! SANTA BARBARA CA 93109! (805) 965-3011 

NEIL W. WEBRE! DEPT. OF COMPo SCI. AND STAT.! CALIF. POLY. STATE UNIV.! SAN LUIS OBIS CA 93401! (805) 546-2986 

JAMES L. BEUG! DEPT. OF COMPo SCI.! CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC STATE U! SAN LUIS OBIS CA 93407! (805) 546-1255 

DANA A. FREIBURGER/COMPUTER CENTE/ CALIFORNIA POLYTECHNIC ST. UNIV.! SANLUIS OBISP CA 93407! (805) 546-2005 

H. MARC LEWIS! PO BOX 505! SANTA MARGARI CA 93453! (805) 546-2009 

GARY BABCOCK/ 110-E RICHMOND ROAD/ CHINA LAKE CA 93555! (714) 939-3661 

ATTN: COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT. A/ CODE 52! NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL! MONTEREY CA 93940 

ATTN: COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT. B/ CODE 52! NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL! MONTEREY CA 93940 

GORDON BRADLEY! COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT./ NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL! MONTEREY CA 93940 

SUSAN FEUERMAN/ W.R. CHURCH COMPUTER CENTER! CODE 0141/ NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL! MONTEREY CA 93940 

HORACE ENEA! HEURISTICS INC.! 900 N. SAN ANTONIO ROAD/ LOS ALTOS CA 94022! (415) 948-2542 

DAVID ELLIOT SHAW! STRUCTURED SYSTEMS CORPORATION/ 343 SECOND STREET - 

SUITE K/ LOS ALTOS CA 94022! (415) 321-8111 

DENNIS R. ALLISON! 169 SPRUCE AVENUE! MENLO PARK CA 94025/ (41~) 325-2962 

GENE AUTREY-HUNLEY/318-8/ SRI INTERNATIONAL/333 RAVENSWOOD AVE./ MENLO PARK CA 94025! (415) 326-6200 X2629 

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Y5014 

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95014 

Y5014 

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Y5051 

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Y5051 

APRIL MILLER CONVERSE/ SEISMIC ENGINEERING BRANCH/ M/S 87/ U.S.G.S./ 345 MIDDLEFIELD ROAD/ MENLO PARK CA 94025 

JEFFRY G. SHAWl P.O. BOX 2678/ MENLO PARK CA 94025 

ZAY CURTIS/ P.O. BOX 235/ MOFFETT FIELD CA 94035/ (415) 964-99UO 

CARL s. ROSENBERG/ AMES RESEARCH CENTER/ MAIL STOP 239-19/ MOFFETT FIELD CA 94035/ (415) 965-6436 (WORK)/ (415) 967-7000 (HOME) 

J. R. BAICHTAL/ PCM SWITCHING ENGINEERING/ TRW/VIDAR/ 77 ORTEGA AVENUE/ MOUNTAIN VIEW CA 94040/ (415) 961-1000 

WARREN VAN CAMP/ 178 CENTRE #14/ MI. VIEW CA 94041/ (415) 967-3170 

RICH ALTMAIER/ 655 S. FAIROAKS AVE. APT. GI0l/ SUNNYVALE CA 94v66 

DENNIS s. ANDREWS/ COMPUTING SERVICES/ AMDAHL CORP./ 1250 E. A~~ut~ &Vt/ ~uNNYVALE CA 94086/ (408) 735-4011 

GL~N T. EDENS/ DACONICS DIV./ XEROX/ 350 POTRERO AVENUE/ SUNNYVALE CA 94086/ (408) 738-4800 (DACONICS)/ (415) 494-4464 (XEROX/PARC) 

DENNIS ERNST/ INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED COMPUTATION/ 1095 E. DUANE/ SUNNYVALE CA 94086/ (408) 735-0635 

DENNIS GRAHAM/ AMDAHL CORP./ 1250 E. ARQUES AVE./ SUNNYVALE CA 94086/ (408) 735-4602 

ROBERT s. LENT/ AMDAHL CORPORATION/ P.O. BOX 5070/ SUNNYVALE CA 94086/ (408) 735-4205 

GEORGE LEWIS/ R & D/ BASIC TIMESHARING INC./ 870 WEST MAUDE AVENUE/ SUNNYVALE CA 94086/ (408) 733-1122 

M. H. MACDOUGALL/ AMDAHL CORP./ P.O. BOX 5070/ SUNNYVALE CA 94U86/ (408) 735-4654 

FLEMING M. OLIVER/ 213 WEDDELL APT. 12/ SUNNYVALE CA 94086 

ARTHUR C. WILLIS/ AMDAHL CORP./ 1250 EAST ARQUES AVE./ SUNNYVALE CA 94086/ (408) 735-4011 

ANDREW HARRIS ZIMMERMAN/ 550 NORTH FAIR OAKS AVE. APT. 14/ SU~NYVALE CA 94086 

ADRIAN BYRAM/ 1131 S. SAGE COURT/ SUNNYVALE CA 94087 

RICHARD COREl PO BOX 61628/ SUNNYVALE CA 94088/ (408) 735-8400 X233 

T. D. TELFORD/ DEPT. 19-63/ BLDG 529/ LOCKHEED/ P.O. BOX 504/ SUNNYVALE CA 94088/ (408) 742-7301 

GARY w. WINIGER/ P.O. BOX 60835/ SUNNYVALE CA 94088/ (415) 96(-6982/ (408) 742-5699 (WORK) 

JIM ELAM/ 150 LOMBARD #601/ SAN FRANCISCO CA 94111 

RICHARD H. KARPINSKI/ 3071 MARKET STREET/ SAN FRANCISCO CA 94114/ (415) 666-4529 

FRANCIS KRIKORIAN/ ADMIN. INFO. SYSTEMS/ 101 BUILDING ME 4/ U.C.S.F. MEDICAL CENTER/ SAN FRANCISCO CA 94143/ (415) 666-3012 

LINDA E. CROLEY/ BNR INC./ 3174 PORTER DR./ PALO ALTO CA 94304/ (415) 494-3942 X40 OR 61 

SAM GEBALA/ HEWLETT PACKARD/ 3500 DEER CREEK RD./ PALO ALTO CA Y4304/ (415) 494-1444 X214 

H. s. MAGNUSKI/ GAMMA TECHNOLOGY/ 800 WELSH ROAD/ PALO ALTO CA Y4304/ (415) 326-1661 

rAUL MCJONES/ SDD/SD/ XEROX CORPORATION/ 3333 COYOTE HILL ROAD/ PALO ALTO CA 94304/ (415) 494-4522 

PAUL HECKEL/ INTERACTIVE SYSTEMS CONSULTANTS/ P.O. BOX 2345/ PALO ALTO CA 94305/ (415) 965-0327 

ATTN: LIBRARY / SERIALS/ BIN 82/ STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CENTER/ P.O. BOX 4349/ STANFORD CA 94305 

JOHN BANNING/ MAIL DROP 88/ STANFORD LINEAR ACCELERATOR CENTER/ P.O.BOX 4349/ STANFORD CA 94305/ (415) 854-3300 X2802 (OFFICE)/ (415) 325-9226 (HOME) 

DAVID C. LUCKRAM/ COMPo SCI. DEPT./ A.I. LABORATORY/ STANFORD UNIVERSITY/ STANFORD CA 94305/ (415) 497-4971 

HUGH MCLARTY/ BOX 10291/ STANFORD CA 94305/ (415) 322-4822 

BRIAN MCGUIRE/ P.O. BOX 1371/ FREMONT CA 94538 

WILLIAM F. RAGSDALE/ DORADO SYSTEMS/ 20956 CORSAIR BLVD./ HYW ARD CA 94545/ (415) 783-0289 

JOHN C. BEATTY/ L-73/ LAWRENCE LIVERMORE LAB/ BOX 808/ LIVERMCRE CA 94550/ (415) 447-1100 X3114 

S. T. HEIDELBERG/ DIVISION 8323/ SANDIA LABORATORIES/ LIVERMORE CA 94550/ (415) 455-2179 

WILLIAM P. TAYLOR/ L-315/ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA/ P.O. BOX 8U8/ LIVERMORE CA 94550/ (415) 455-6729 

J. E. POLLACK/ 435 ABBIE STREET/ PLEASANTON CA 94566 

RALPH w. SWEARINGEN/ VIRTUAL SYSTEMS INC./ 1500 NEWELL AVE. #4U6/ WALNUT CREEK CA 94596/ (415) 254-1147 

PAUL S. GERKEN/ PROGRAMMING METHODS/ INFORMATICS/ 120 RONADA AVE./ PIEDMONT CA 94611/ (415) 655-4499 

RITA MAY LIFF/ DEPT. OF MATH AND COMPUTER SCIENCE/ MILLS COLLEGE/ UAKLAND CA 94613/ (415) 632-2700 X308 

BRYAN L. HIGGINS/ SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INC./ 8201 CAPWELL DRIVE/ OAKLAND CA 94621/ (415) 562-9163 

JAMES A. WOODS/ 2014A WOOLSEY ST./ BERKELEY CA 94703 

JIM MERRITT/ P.O. BOX 4655/ BERKELEY CA 94704/ (415) 845-4866 

JEFFREY BARTH/ COMPo SCI. DIVISION/ 573 EVANS HALL/ U OF CALIFORNIA/ BERKELEY CA 94720/ (415) 642-4948 

BLAND EWING/ DEPT. OF ENTYMOLOGY/ 137 GIANNINI HALL/ U OF CALIFORNIA/ BERKELEY CA 94720/ (415) 642-6660 

ED FOURT/ C/O LBL LIBRARY/ 134 BLDG 50/ LAWRENCE BERKELEY LAB/ BERKELEY CA 94720/ (415) 843-2740 X5293 

SUSAN L. GRAHAM/ COMPo SCI. DIVISION-EECS/ 511 EVANS HALL/ U OF CALIFORNIA/ BERKELEY CA 94720 

LAWRENCE A. ROWE/ DEPT. OF EE AND CS - 

TEOI/ EVANS HALL/ U OF CALIFORNIA/ BERKELEY CA 94720 

CHRIS K. PHILLIPS/ P.O. BOX 6283/ TERRA LINDA CA 94903/ (415) 494-7900 X357 

ROBERT C. NICKERSON/ 517 SANTA MARGUARITA/ APTOS CA 95003/ (408) 688-9735 

THOMAS A. ROLANDER/ 1012 SMITH AVE./ CAMPBELL CA 95008/ (408) 378-5785 

A. G. CARRICK/ MS970/ FOUR-PHASE SYSTEMS INC./ 10700 N. DEANZA BLVD./ CUPERTINO CA 95014/ (408) 255-0900 X281 

FAY CHONG/ 10405 DEMPSTER AVENUE/ CUPERTINO CA 95014/ (408) 987-1655 

R. GREINER/ MS970/ FOUR-PHASE SYSTEMS INC./ 19333 VALLCO PARKWAY/ CUPERTINO CA 95014/ 

(408) 255-0900 X231 

DONALD E. GRlMES/ TYMSHARE INC./ 20705 VALLEY GREEN DRIVE/ CUPERTINO CA 95014/ (408) 446-6586 

P. LIAO/ MS970/ FOUR-PHASE SYSTEMS INC./ 19333 VALLCO PARKWAY/ CUPERTINO CA 95014/ (408) 255-0900 X302 

JOHN P. STALLINGS/ TECHNICAL DIVISION/ TYMSHARE/ 20705 VALLEY GREEN DRIVE/ CUPERTINO CA 95014/ (408) 446-6000 

JOHN DENNIS COUCH/ GSD/ HEWLETT-PACKARD/ 5303 STEVENS CREEK BLVD./ SANTA CLARA CA 95050/ (408) 249-7020 EXT.2949 

LARRY WALSH/ ROLM CORPORATION/ 4900 OLD IRONSIDES DRIVE/ SANTA CLARA CA 95050/ (408) 988-2900 

JOHN w. BURNETT/ M/S 690/ NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORP./ 2900 SEMICONDUCTOR DR./ SANTA CLARA CA 95051/ (408) 737-5228 

RONALD L DANIELSON/ DEPARTMENT OF EECS/ UNIVERSITY OF SANTA CLARA/ SANTA CLARA CA 95051/ (408) 984-4181 

AL HARTMANN/ INTEL CORPORATION/ 3065 BOWERS AVENUE/ SANTA CLARA CA 95051/ (408) 246-7501 

DEAN SCHULZ/ INTEL CORPORATION/ 3065 BOWERS AVENUE/ SANTA CLARA CA 95051/ (408) 246-7501 

E. HAROLD WILLIAMS/ M.S. 690/ NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORP./ 29uO SEMICONDUCTOR DRIVE/ SANTA CLARA CA 95051/ (408) 737-5228

95054 

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98124 

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98124 

98177 

~8195 

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~8195 

~8225 

99163 

2006 AUSTRALIA 















FRITHJOF 

KOLBERG/ BOX 4802/ SANTA CLARA CA 95054/ (408) 255-0900 X2794 

W. TYLER/ 200 SEABURG PLACE/ SANTA CRUZ CA 95060/ (408) 925-0206 

DADO BANATAO/ 3060 BILBO DRIVE/ SAN JOSE CA 95121/ (408) 227-9027 

D. H. SPRINGER/ COMPUTER SYSTEMS DIVISION/ ANDERSON JACOBSON INC./ 521 CHARCOT AVENUE/ SAN JOSE CA 95131/ (408) 263-8520 

JOHN H. SPANTON/ 2351 RAVINE DRIVE/ SAN JOSE CA 95133/ (408) 258-6763 

TOM PITTMAN/ ITTY BITTY COMPUTERS/P.O. BOX 23189/ SAN JOSE CA 95153 

TOM HORSLEY/ 1750 MELLO COURT/ TRACY CA 95376 

GARY LOWELL/ 2625 HIDDEN VALLEY/ SANTA ROSA CA 95404/ (707) 544-6373 

KENNETH A. DICKEY/ 1662 STROMBERG/ ARCATA CA 95521/ (707) 822-3986 

DAVID HILL/ COMPUTER CENTER/ SCI 319/ CALIFORNIA STATE UNIV. _ SACREMENTO/ 6000 J STREET/ SACRAMENTO CA 95819 

ORLANDO S. MADRIGAL/ DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY AT CHICO/ CHICO CA 95926/ (916) 895-6442 

W. W. PETERSON/ DEPT OF ICS/ U OF HAWAII/ 2565 THE MALL/ HONOLULU HI 96822/ (808) 948-7420 

STKPHEN A. DUM/ 16820 S.W. CAMBRIDGE COURT/ BEAVERTON OR 97005/ (503) 642-1168 

PETER H. MACKIE/ PHM AND ASSOCIATES/ P.O. BOX 427/ BEAVERTON OR 97005/ (503) 645-2282 

WILLIAM C. PRICE/ 28282 SW MOUNTAIN ROAD/ WEST LINN OR 97068 

ROY CARLSON/ (50-454)/ TEKTRONIX/ P.O. BOX 500/ BEAVERTON OR 97077 

TERRY HAMM/ M.S. 60-456/ TEKTRONIX INC./ P.O. BOX 500/ BEAVERTON OR 97077/ (503) 638-3411 X2579 

DON HARVEY/ MSG-WILSONVILLE/ 60-171 TEKTRONIX/ BOX 500/ BEAVERTON OR 97077 

NORM P. KERTH/ MS 58-736/ TEKTRONIX INC./ P.O. BOX 500/ BEAVERTON OR 97077 

PAUL L. MCCULLOUGH/ TEKTRONIX 60/666/ P.O. BOX 500/ BEAVERTON OR 97077/ (503) 638-3411 X2397 

LYNN SAUNDERS/ MS 39-135/ TEKTRONIX INC./ P.O. BOX 500/ BEAVERTON OR 97077/ (503) 644-0161 X6640 

ROD STEEL/ MS 60-456/ TEKTRONIX INC./ P.O. BOX 500/ BEAVERTON OR 97077/ (503) 638-3411 X2516 

JOHN L. RUTIS/ RT 3 BOX 292/ HILLSBORO OR 97123 

ATTENTION: EVAN L. SOLLEY/ THE LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS GROUP LTD./ 2432 NW JOHNSON/ PORTLAND OR 97210/ (5U3) 226-3515 

PAUL O-BRIEN/ P.O. BOX 10572/ PORTLAND OR 97210/ (503) 244-753~ 

BOB PHILLIPS/ 2009 N.E. BRAZEE/ PORTLAND OR 97212/ (503) 284-S369 

DAVID WOLFE/ 7019 N. CHASEAVE./ PORTLAND OR 97217/ (503) 289-1228 

nARRY SMITH/ COMPUTING/ OREGON MUSEUM OF SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY/ 4015 SW CANYON ROAD/ PORTLAND OR 97221/ (503) 248-5923 

DAVID ROWLAND/ ELECTRO SCIENTIFIC INDUSTRIES/ 13900 N.W. SCIENCE PARK DRIVE/ PORTLAND OR 97229 

ATTENTION: WILLIAM HUNTEMAN/ COMPUTER CENTER/ OREGON STATE U/ CORVALLIS OR 97331/ (503) 754-2494 

DAVID F. CANTLEY/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ OREGON STATE UNIV./ CORVALLIS OR 97331 

KURT KOHLER/ MILNE COMPUTER CENTER/ OREGON STATE UNIV./ CORVALLIS OR 97331/ (503) 754-3474 

ATTN: DOCUMENTS ROOM/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPARTMENT/ U OF OREGOr;,!EUGENE OR 97403/ (503) 686-4394 

VERNON CHI/ ELECTRONICS SHOP/SCIENCE SERVICES/ 4 SCIENCE 1/ UNIVERSITY OF OREGON/ EUGENE OR 97403 

BILLY R. CASON/ 11521 NE 20TH STREET/ BELLEVUE WA 98004/ (206) 454-4846 

L~SLIE R. KERR/ SOFTWAREDESIGN/ 10545 WOODHAVEN LANE/ BELLEVUE WA 98004/ (206) 455-3068 

JOHN D. WOOLLEY/ 6722 128TH AVE. SEt BELLEVUE WA 98006/ (206) 641-3443 

GARY S. ANDERSON/ JOHN FLUKE MFG. CO. INC./ P.O. BOX43210 M.S. 16/ MOUNTLAKE TER WA 98043/ (206) 774-2211 X353 

R. A. LOVESTEDT/ 20427 S~ 192/ RENTON WA 98055/ (206) 237-1397 

RICHARD N. TAYLOR/ 10411 S.E. 174TH #3444/ RENTON WA 98055/ (206) 255-5856 

ATTN: COMPUTER CENTER USER SERVICES/ UNIVERSITYOF WASHINGTON/ 3737 BROOKLYN AVE. N.E. RM 15/ SEATTLE WA 98105 

ERIC SCHNELLMAN/ HONEYWELL MARINE SYSTEMS/ 5303 SHILSHOLE NW/ SEATTLE WA 98117 

ATTENTION: BLAIR BURNER/ MS 73-03/ BOEING COMPUTER SERVICES INC./ P.O. BOX 24346/ SEATTLE WA 98124/ (206) 773-8683 

ATTN: BOEING COMPANY/ 87-67 KENT TECHNICAL LIBRARY/ P.O. BOX 3~99/ SEATTLE WA 98124 

DAVID DEMOREST/ M/S 8M-71/ BOEING COMPUTER SERVICES/ P.O. BOX 24346/ SEATTLE WA 98124/ (206) 244-6923/ (206) 773-2019 

CHARLES A. CASTELLOW/203 NW 176TH PLACE/ SEATTLE WA 98177/ (206) 546-1579 

HELLMUT GOLDE/ DEPT. OF COMPo SCI./ FR-35/ U OF WASHINGTON/ SEATTLE WA 98195/ (206) 543-9264 

JOE KELSEY/ COMPUTER SCIENCE TEACHING LABORATORY/ UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON/ MAIL STOP FR-35/ SEATTLE WA 98195/ (206) 543-2697 

JOHN S. SOBOLEWSKI/RG-20/ LOCKECOMPUTER/ UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON/ SEATTLE WA 98195/ (206) 543-9275 

MARLIN PROWELL/ 3925 SILVER BEACH AVE./ BELLINGHAM WA 98225/ (206) 676-1554 

ROBERT E LORD/ COMPUTER CENTER/ WASHINGTON STATE UNIV./ PULLMAN WA 99163 

A. J. GERBER/ BASSER DEPT. OF COMPUTERSCIENCE/ UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY/ SYDNEY N.S.W. 2006/ AUSTRALIA 

CARROLL MORGAN/ BASSER DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ U OF SYDNEY/ SYDNEY N.S.W. 2006/ AUSTRALIA 

BRIAN G. ROWSWELL/UNIVERSITY COMPUTER CENTRE/ UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY/ SYDNEY N.S.W. 2006/ AUSTRALIA/ 692 3491 

E. H. DOBELL/ COMPUTERCENTRE/ NSW INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY/ P.O. BOX 123/ BROADWAY N.S.W. 2007/ AUSTRALIA/ (02) 218 9438 

ATTN: LIBRARIAN/ COMPUTING SERVICES UNIT/ UNIV. OF N.S.W./ P.C. BOX 1/ KENSINGTON N.S.W. 2033/ AUSTRALIA 

KEN ROBINSON/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOCTH WALES/P.O. BOX 1/ KENSINGTONN.S.W. 2033/ AUSTRALIA/ 663 0351 

JEFFREY TOBIAS/ APPLIED MATHS AND COMPUTING DIV./ AUST. ATOMIC ENERGY COMM. RES. EST./ PRIVATE MAIL BAG/ SUTHERLAND N.S.W. 2232/ AUSTRALIA/ 531-0111 

ATTN: SERIALS LIBRARY/ AUCHMUTY LIBRARY/ UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE/ NEWCASTLE N.S.W. 2308/ AUSTRALIA/ 685745 

J. A. CAMPBELL/ MATHEMATICS DEPT./ UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE/ NEWCASTLE N.S.W. 2308/ AUSTRALIA 

JOHN A. LAMBERT/ COMPUTING CENTRE/ UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE/ NEWCASTLE N.S.W. 2308/ AUSTRALIA 

J. REINFELDS/ COMPUTING SCIENCE/ UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG/ P.O. BOX 1144/ WOLLONGONG N.S.W. 2500/ AUSTRLIA/ (042) 297311 

ATTN: PURCHASING OFFICE/ RESEARCH SCHOOL OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES/ AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY/ P.O. BOX 4/ CANBERRA A.C.T. 2600/ AUSTRALIA/ 492143 

A. J. HURST/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY/ P.O. BOX 4/ CANBERRA A.C.T. 2600/ AUSTRALIA/ (062) 49 4625 

MALCOLM C. NEWEY/COMPUTERCENTRE/ AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIV./ P.O. BOX 4/ CAN8ERRA A.C.T. 2600/ AUSTRALIA/ 81-6376 / 49-4216 

ATTN: THE LIBRARIAN/ CSIRO/ DIV. OF COMPUTING RES./ P.O. BOX 1~00/ CANBERRA CITY A.C.T. 2601/ AUSTRALIA 

N 

V1













500t AUSTRALIA 


~001 AUSTRALIA 

~006 AUSTRALIA 





A-1040 AUSTRIA 





BELGIUM 

B-1170 BELGIUM 




13100 BRAZIL 

13100 BRAZIL 

13100 BRAZIL 

13100 BRAZIL 

13560 BRAZIL 

A1C 5S7 CANADA 



G1W 2P3 CANADA 

HI Y 3C3 CANADA 

HI Z 3P 1 CANADA 

H3C 3J7 CANADA 

H3C 3J7 CANADA 

It->C3J7 CANADA 

H3G 1M8 CANADA 


H3G 2C8 CANADA 

H3P 3B9 CANADA 

H4 V 2H3 CANADA 

H9R 1G1 CANADA 

H9R 1G1 CANADA 

J 1K 2R1 CANADA 

KIA ON8 CANADA 

K1J 6L2 CANADA 

KIN 6N5 CANADA 

KIN 6N5 CANADA 

K1S 5G3 CANADA 

K2E 6T7 CANADA 

K2K 1K2 CANADA 

KlL 3N6 CANADA 

KlL 3N6 CANADA 

K7.L 3N6 CANADA 

L8N 3W3 CANADA 

L8S 4K1 CANADA 

L85 4K1 CANADA 

M3J 1P3 CANADA 

ATTN: SCHOOL OF INFORMATION SCIENCES/ CANBERRA COLLEGE OF ADVANCED EDUCATION/ P.O. BOX NO. 1/ BELCONNEN A.C.T. 2616/ AUSTRALIA 

G. J. KNOX/ COMPUTER CENTRE/ ROYAL MELBOURNE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOG/ 124 LATROBE STREET/ MELBOURNE VICTORIA 3000/ AUSTRALIA/ 341.2292 

ATTN: CENTRAL LIBRARY/ FLOOR 1 CASEY WING/ ROYAL MELBOURNE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOG/ 376-392 SWANSTON STREET/ MELBOURNE VICTORIA 3001/ AUSTRALIA 

PETER RICRARDSON/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT./ UNIV. OF MELBOURNE/ ~LBOURNE VICTORIA 3052/ AUSTRALIA/ (03) 3415225 

ATTN: LIBRARIAN/ SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES/ RICRARD BERRY BUILDING/ UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE/ PARRVILLE VICTORIA 3052/ AUSTRALIA 

ANTHONY P. KYNE/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE/ PARRVILLE VICTORIA 3052/ AUSTRALIA/ 345 1844 

PRABHAKER MATELI/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ UNIV. OF MELBOURNE/ PARRVILLE VICTORIA 3052/ AUSTRALIA/ (03)341-6459 

ATTN: COMPUTER CENTRE/ LA TROBE UNIVERSITY/ BUNDOORA VICTORIA 3083/ AUSTRALIA/ 478 3122 

GEOFFREY A. CLEAVE/ 18 NEIL COURT/ E. BENTLEIGH VICTORIA 3165/ AUSTRALIA 

D. B. JOHNSTON/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ UNIV. OF QUEENSLAND! ST. LUCIA QUEENSLAND 4067/ AUSTRALIA/ 07/3706930 

C. A. RUSBRIDGE/ SOUTH AUSTRALIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOG/ P.O. BOX 1/ INGLE FARM S.A. 5000/ AUSTRALIA/ AUSTRALiA 260-2055 

ATTN: PROGRAM LIBRARIAN/ COMPUTING CENTRE/ UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE/ BOX 498 G.P.O./ ADELAIDE S.A. 5001/ AUSTRALIA/ 61 822 34333 X2720/X2099 

YOUNG J. CHOI/ DEPT. OF COMPUTING SCIENCE/ UNIV. OF ADELAIDE/ ADELAIDE S.A. 5001/ AUSTRALIA/ 223-4333 

B. KIDMAN/ DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE/ GPO BOX 498/ ADELAIDE S.A. 5001/ AUSTRALIA/ 223 4333 

C. D. MARLIN/ COMPUTING SCIENCE DEPT./ UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE/ G.P.O. BOX 498/ ADELAIDE S.A. 5001/ AUSTRALIA/ 223 4333 X2762 

I. N. BLAVINS/ KATHLEEN LUMLEY COLLEGE/ FINNIS STREET/ NORTH ADELAID S.A. 5006/ AUSTRALIA 

PETER R. SUMNER/ INTERDATA COMPUTERS PTY. LTD./ 30 KINGS PARR RD./ WEST PERTH W.A. 6005/ AUSTRALIA/ (09) 322-3391 

J. S. ROHL/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ U OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA/ NEDLANDS W.A. 6009/ AUSTRALIA 

ATTN: SECRETARY/ DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE/ UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA/ GPO BOX 252C/ HOBART TASMANIA 7001/ AUSTRALIA 

A. H. J. SALE/ DEPT. OF INFORMATION SCIENCE/ UNIVERSITY OF TAS!1ANIA/ BOX 252C/ HOBART TASMANIA 7001/ AUSTRALIA/ 23 0561 

HELMUT SCHAUER/ TU WEIN/ ARGENTINIERSTR. 8/ WIEN A-1040/ AUSTRIA/ 0222/6587 31 316 

ADA SZER/ INSTITUT F. INFORMATIONS-SYSTEME/ ARGENTINIERSTR. 8/ WIEN A-1040/ AUSTRIA/ 65 87 31/313 

KONRAD MAYER/ REICHSAPFELG 13/8/ VIENNA A-1150/ AUSTRIA 

KARL PRAGERSTORFER/ EDERACKERSTRASSE 11/7/ LEONDING A-4060/ AUSTRIA 

FRANZ W. MAIER/ ZENTRUM FUER EDV/ UNIVERSITAET SALZBURG/ PETERSBRUNNSTR.19/ SALZBURG A-5020/ AUSTRIA/ 06222/44511/343 

O. BEAUFAYS/ MATHEMATIQUESAPPLIQUEES/ C P I 165/ UNIVERSITE LIBRE DE BRUXELLES/ AVENUEF.-D. ROOSEVELT50/ BRUXELLES B-1050/ BELGIUM 

ALAIN PIROTTE/ MBLE/RESEARCHLABORATORY/ AVENUE EM. VAN BECELAERE 2/ BRUSSELS B-1170/ BELGIUM/ 673.41.90/ 673.41.99 

RAYMAOND BOUTE/ FRANKRIJKLEI 96A - BUS 24/ ANTWERPEN B-2000/ BELGIUM/ 031/317445 

JOHAN LEWI/ AFD. TOEGEPASTE WISKUNDE EN PROGRAMMAT/ KATHOLIEKE UNIV. LEUVEN/ CELESTUNENLAAN200B/ HEVERLEE B-3030/ BELGIUM/ 0032/16/235821 

P. VERBAETEN/ APPLIED MATH. AND PROGRAMMING DIV./ K U LEUVEN/ CELESTYNERLAAN 200B/ HEVERLEE B-3030/ BELGIUM 

JOSE OSVALDO FERRARI/ lMECC/ UNICAMP/ C.P. 1170/ CAMPINAS SP 13100/ BRAZIL/ 31-4555 

ROGERIO BURNIER FILHO/ RUA MARIA MONTEIRO 223/ CAMPINAS SP 13100/ BRAZIL 

PALTONIO DAUN FRAGA/ lMECC/ UNICAMP/ C.P. 1170/ CAMPINASSP 13100/ BRAZIL/ PABX 31-4555 

FERNANDO ANTONIO VANINI/ lMECC/ UNICAMP/ C.P. 1170/ CAMPINAS SP 13100/ BRAZIL/ 31-4555 

SERGIO DE MELLO SCHNEIDER/ DEPARTAMENTO DE COMPUTACAO/ UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SAO CARLOS/ SAD CARLOS SP 13560/ BRAZIL 

R. JAMES DAWE/ MATH STAT AND COMPo SCI./ MEMORIAL UNIV. OF NEWFOUNDLAND/ ST. JOHN'S NEWFOUNDLA A1C 5S7/ CANADA/ (709) 753-1200 EXT. 2767 

RANDY DODGE/ COMPUTING SERVICES/ MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY/ ST. JOHN'S NEWFOUNDLA A1C 5S7/ CANADA/ (709) 753-1200 X2746 

F. G. PAGAN/COMPUTER SCIENCE/ MEMORIAL UNIVERSITY/ ST. JOHN'S NEWFOUNDLA A1C 5S7/ CANADA 

JEAN CASTONGUAY/ 3140 AVENUE FRANCE-PRIME #202/ STE-FOY QUEBEC G1W 2P3/ CANADA 

CARLO LOCICERO/ 6426 MOLSON/ MONTREAL QUEBEC H1Y 3C3/ CANADA/ (514) 727-3110 

SERGE FROMENT/ 9142 QUINZIEME AVENUE/ MONTREAL QUEBEC H1Z 3P1/ CANADA/ (514) 321-2482 

JEAN VAUCHER/ DEPARTEMENT D'INFORMATIQUE/ UNIVERSITE DE MONTREAL/ C.P. 6128 - STATION A/ MONTREAL QUEBEC H3C 3J7/ CANADA/ (514) 343-7092 

PATRICK WARD/ CENTRE DE CALCULI UNIVERSITE DE MONTREAL/ C.P. 6128/ MONTREALQUEBEC H3C 3J7/ CANADA/ (514) 343-6866 

PIERRE DESJARDINS/ INFORMATIQUE/UNIVERSITE DE MONTREAL/C.P. 6128/ MONTREAL101 QUEBEC H3C 3J7/ CANADA/ (514) 343-7662 

DAVID KARL PROBST/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT./ CONCORDIA UNIVERSITy/ 1455 DE MAISONNEUVE W./ MONTREAL QUEBEC H3G IM8/ CANADA/ (514) 733-4921 

J. W. ATWOOD/DEPT OF COMPoSCI.:H963-10/CONCORDIA UNIVERSITY! 1455 DE MAISONNEUVE BLVD. WEST/ MONTREAL QUEBEC H3G 1M8/ CANADA/ (514) 879-8130 

ERIC MELBARDIS/ 3467 AVE. DU MUSEE - 

#206/ MONTREAL QUEBEC H3~ 2C8/ CANADA 

IAN MACMILLAN/ P.O. BOX 128/ MOUNT ROYAL QUEBEC H3P 3B9/ CANAJJ!,> 

PETER GROGONO/ THE SOUND MACHINE/ 4877 ROSEDALE AVENUE/ MONTR';\L QUEBEC H4V 2H3/ CANADA/ (514) 489-9995/ (514) 879-4251 (WORK) 

RICHARD WEST/ SMALL TERMINAL ENGINEERING/COMTERM LIMITED/ 147 HYMUS BLVD./ MONTREAL QUEBEC H9R 1G1/ CANADA/ (514) 697-0810 X227 

EDWIN TSE/ 525 DELMAR ST./ POINTE CLAIRE QUEBEC H9R 1G1/ CANA 'A/ 

(514) 697-1320 

JACQUES HAGUEL/ FACULTE DES SCIENCES/ UNIVERSITE DE SHERBROOKE! SHERBROOKE QUEBEC J1K ZR1/ CANADA/ (819) 563-4635 

BARRY SEARLE/ SECTION TASX/ TOWER C FLOOR 10C/ TRANSPORT CANA[\A/ PLACE DE VILLE/ OTTAWA ONTARIO KIA ON8/ CANADA/ (613) 996-0218 

D. B. COLDRICK/ COMPUTATION CENTRE/ BLDG. M-60/ NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL/ MONTREAL ROAD/ OTTAWA ONTARIO K1J 6L2/ CANADA/ (613) 993-3870 

LUIGI LOGRIPPO/ COMPo SCI. DEPT./ U OF OTTAWA/ OTTAWA ONTARIO KIN 6N5/ CANADA 

H. TAYLOR/ COMPUTINGCENTRE/ APPLICATIONS DEPT. / U OF OTTAWA/ OTTAWA ONTARIO KIN 6N5/ CANADA 

SAM WILMOTT/ APT. 501/ 463 CAMBRIOGE SOUTH/ OTTAWA ONTARIO K1S ~G3/ CANADA 

ATTENTION: DONALD LINDSAY/ DYNALOGIC CORPORATIONLIMITED/ 141 BENTLEY AVENUE/ OTTAWA ONTARIO K2E 6T7/ CANADA/ (613) 226-1383 

FRANKLIN B. DE GRAAF/ 6 CARMICHAELCOURT/ KANATAONTARIO K2K lK2/ CANADA/ (613) 592-5793 

ATTN: REFERENCE ROOM/COMPUTING AND INF. SCI./ QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY/ KINGSTON ONTARIO K7L 3N6/ CANADA 

JACK HUGHES/ COMPUTING CENTRE/ DUPUIS HALL/ QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY! KINGSTON ONTARIO K7L 3N6/ CANADA/ (613) 547-2800 

R. D. TENNENT/ DEPT. OF COMPUTINGAND INFORMATIONSCI/ QUEENS UNIVERSITY/ KINGSTON ONTARIO K7L 3N6/ CANADA 

MARK GREEN/ #904 - 123 CHARLTON AVE. E/ HAMILTON ONTARIO L8N 3W3/ CANADA/ (416) 522-2512 

N. SOLNTSEFF/ DEPT. OF APPLIED MATH./ MCMASTER UNIVERSITY/ HAMILTON ONTARIO L8S 4K1/ CANADA/ (416) 525-9140 X4689 

ATTENTION: CHRIS BRYCE/ APPLIED MATH. COMPUTER LAB/ MCMASTER UNIVERSITY/ HAMILTON ONTARIO L85 4K1/ CANADA/ (416) 525-9140 X4689 

GEOFFREY HUNTER/ CHEMISTRY DEPT./ YORK UNIVERSITY/DOWNSVIEW O~TARIO M3J 1P3/ CANADA/ (416) 667-3852

M3M 3B9 CANADA 

M5S lA7 CANADA 

M5V 2S9 CANADA 

M5W lN5 CANADA 

N lG 2Wl CANADA 

N2J 4T2 CANADA 

N2L 3B8 CANADA 

N2L 3Gl CANADA 

N2L 3Gl CANADA 

N6A 5B7 CANADA 


N6A 5B 7 CANADA 

N9B 3P4 CANADA 

R3T 2N2 CANADA 

R3T 2N2 CANADA 

S 7K 3P7 CANADA 

T2N lN4 CANADA 



T6G 2J8 CANADA 

T6G 2N5 CANADA 

V5N 3Xl CANADA 

V6T lW5 CANADA 

V6T 1 W5 CANADA 

V6X 2Z9 CANADA 

V6X 2Z9 CANADA 

V7W 2J6 CANADA 

V8P 5J2 CANADA 

CHILE 

DK-1601 DENMARK 





















SF-00130 FINLAND 




F-06034 FRANCE 









D-l000 GERMANY 

ATTENTION: MARTIN TUORI/ BEH. SCI. DIV./ DEFENCE AND CIVIL INST. OF ENVIRONMENT/ P.O. BOX 2000/ DOWNSVIEW ONTARIO M3M 3B9/ CANADA 

(416) 633-4240 X204 (OFFICE)/ X238 (LAB) 

ATTN: M. DOHERTY/ 128 TECHNICAL REFERENCE CENTER/ UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO COMPUTER CENTER/ 10 KINGS COLLEGE ROAD/ TORONTO ONTARIO M5S lA7/ CANADA 

(416) 978-8995 ' 

MIKE KIMBER/ DATA CENTRE/ THE GLOBE AND MAIL/ 444 FRONT ST. WEST/ TORONTO ONTARIO M5V 2S9/ CANADA 

HENRY SPENCER/ SP SYSTEMS/ BOX 5255 STATION A/ TORONTO ONTARIO M5W lNS/ CANADA 

ANNE STOCCO/ COMPo AND INFO. SCIF~CE/ 108 I.C.S./ UNIVERSITY OF GUELPH/ GUELPH ONTARIO N1G 2Wl/ CANADA/ X2259 

CMARLES H. FORSYTH/ APT. 2-304/ 300 REGINA ST. N./ WATERLOO ONTARIO N2J 4T2/ CANADA/ (519) 884-7531 

DELE AYENI/ 316-102 SEAGRAM DRIVE/ WATERLOO ONTARIO N2L 3B8/ CANADA/ (509) 884-4679 

W. MORVEN GENTLEMAN/ MATHEMATICS COMPUTING FACILITY/ UNIVERSITY OF WATERLOO/ WATERLOO ONTARIO N2L 3Gl/ CANADA/ (519) 578-8866 

KAY HARRISON/ COMPUTER CENTER/ 1088B M AND C/ U OF WATERLoo/ WATERLOO ONTARIO N2L 3Gl/ CANADA 

ATTN: PROGRAM LIBRARY/ COMPUTING CENTER/ 223 NATURAL SCIENCE CENTER/ U OF WESTERN ONTARIO/ LONDON ONTARIO N6A 5B7/ CANADA/ (519) 679-2151 

F. CELLINI/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO/ LONDON ONTARIO N6A 5B7/ CANADA/ (519) 679-6051 

S. WILLIAMSON/ NATURAL SCIENCE CENTRE/ 223 COMPUTING CENTER/ UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO/ LONDON ONTARIO N6A 5B7/ CANADA/ (519) 679-2151 

L. c. PORTIL/ COMPUTER CENTRE/ U OF WINDSOR/ WINDSOR ONTARIO N9B 3P4/ CANADA/ (519) 253-4232 X645 

G. D. DERHAK/ COMP~TER CENTRE/ U OF MANlTOBA/ WINNIPEG MANITOBA R3T 2N2/ CANADA 

W. BRUCE FOULKES/ DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ THE UNIVERSITY OF MANITOBA/ WINNIPEG MANITOBA R3T 2N2/ CANADA/ (204) 269-3363 

(306) 244-0976 X37 

WILLIAM BLAMPIED/ SED SYSTEMS LID/ P.O. BOX 1464/ SASKATOON SASK. S7K 3P7/ CANADA/ 

STEPHEN SOULE/ DEPT. OF COMPo SCI./ U OF CALGARY/ CALGARY ALBERTA T2N lN4/ CANADA/ (403) 284-6780 

BRIAN W. UNGER/ COMPUTER SCIENCE DEPT./ UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY/ CALGARY ALBERTA T2N lN4/ CANADA/ (403) 284-6316 

B. VENKATESAN/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SERVICES/ U OF CALGARY/ 2920 24TH AVE. N.W./ CALGARY ALBERTA T2N lN4/ CANADA/ (403) 284-6207 

ATTN: LIBRARY/ PERIODICALS SECTION/ UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA/ EDMONTON ALBERTA T6G 2J8/ CANADA 

C. A. MILLER/ DEPT. OF PHYSICS NUCLEAR RES. CTR./ UNIV. OF ALBERTA/ EDMONTON ALBERTA T6G 2N5/ CANADA 

ALAN LILLICH/ 3477 BELLA VISTA/ VANCOUVER B.C. V5N 3Xl/ CANADA 

ROBERT A. FRALEY/ DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE/ U OF BRITISH COLuMBIA/ VANCOUVER B.C. V6T lW5/ CANADA! (6U4)~228-2083 

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(08) 

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138 788 

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ALBRECHT BIEDL/ INSTITUT FUR SOFTWARE/ DV-GRUNDAUSBILDUNG/ TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITAT BERLIN / VSH 5/ OTTO-SUHR-ALLEE 18/20/ BERLIN 10 D-1000/ GERMANY 

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U70-824161 

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H. F. TIBBALS! COMPUTER UNIT! SCIENCE LABORATORIES!DURHAM UNIV.! DURHAM ENGLAND DH1 3LE! UNITED KINGDOM! DURHAM 64971 

PHILIP J. MALCOLM! C!O BANK OF ADELAIDE! 11 LEADENHALL ST.! LONDON ENGLAND EC3V 1LP! UNITED KINGDOM! 01-323 0637!0 

A. BALFOUR! COMPUTER CENTRE! HERIOT-WATTUNIVERSITY! 37-39 GRASSMARKET! EDINBURGH SCOTLAND EH1 2HW! UNITED KINGDOM 

JOHN HUTCHINSON!COMPUTER CENTRE! QUEEN MARY COLLEGE! MILE END ROAD! LONDON ENGLAND E1 4NS! UNITED KINGDOM! 01-980-4811X778 

ISAMU HASEGAWA! 7 STAINSBURYROAD! LONDON ENGLAND E14! UNITED KINGDOM 

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VIC STENNING! SYSTEMS DESIGNERS LTD.! 57-61 HIGH STREET! FRIMLEY SURREY GU16 5HJ! UNITED KINGDOM 

BILL FINDLAY! COMPUTING SCIENCE DEPARTMENT! UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW! GLASGOW SCOTLAND G12 8QQ! UNITED KINGDOM! 339 8855 X7391 

D. G. JENKINS! COMPUTING SCIENCE DEPT.! THE UNIVERSITY! GLASGOW SCOTLAND G12 8QQ! UNITED KINGDOM! (041) 339-8855 X478!7458 

DAVID WATT! COMPUTING SCIENCE DEPT.! UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW! GLASGOW SCOTLAND G12 8QQ! UNITED KINGDOM! 041-339 8855 X7458 

ROBERT KIRKBY! RUISLIP MANOR! 44 WHITBY ROAD! MIDDLESEX ENGLAND HA4 9DP! UNITED KINGDOM 

N ROBINSON! 1 THE FAIRWAY! NORTHWOOD MIDDLESEX! LONDON ENGLAND HA6 3DZ! UNITED KINGDOM 

C. B. A. PRICE! CBAP SERVICES! 67 FIGTREE HILL! HEMEL! HEMPSTEAD HERTS HP2 5HG! UNITED KINGDOM! 0442 57340 

A. J. FISHER! 2 ELGAR AVENUE! HEREFORD ENGLAND HR1 1TY! UNITED KINGDOM 

B. J. CORNELIUS! DEPT. OF COMPo STUDIES! UNIVERSITY OF HULL! HULL ENGLAND HU6 7RX! UNITED KINGDOM! (0482) 497951 

DAN C.C. HAMM! HERSHAM! 85 QUEENS ROAD! WALTON-DN-THA SURREY KT12 5NF! UNITED KINGDOM! WALTON-ON-THAMES43639 

B. T. MITCHELL! COMPUTING LABORATORY! UNIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS! NORTH HAUGH ST. ANDREWS! FIFE SCOTLAND KY16! UNITED KINGDOM 

D. R. ALLUM! DEPT. OF PHYSICS! UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER! LANCASTER ENGLAND LA1 4YB! UNITED KINGDOM! LANCASTER 65201 X4178 

ATTN: THE LIBRARIAN! DEPT. OF COMPUTER STUDIES! U OF LANCASTER{ BAlLRIGG! LANCASTER ENGLAND LA1 4YX! 'UNITEDKINGDOM! (0524) 65201 X4133 

ANN v. BARROW! DEPT. OF COMPUTER STUDIES! UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER! BAlLRIGG! LANCASTER ENGLAND LA1 4YXi UNITED KINGDOM! (0524) 65201 

BOB E. BERRY! DEPT. OF COMPUTER STUDIES! UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER! BAILRIGG! LANCASTER ENGLAND LA1 4YX! UNITED KINGDOM! (0524) 65201 

MIKE W. CORNELIUS! DEPT. OF COMPUTER STUDIES! UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER! BAILRIGG! LANCASTER ENGLAND LA1 4YX! UNITED KINGDOM! (0524) 65201 X4120 

ARTHUR FOSTER! DEPT. OF COMPUTER STUDIES! UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER! BAILRIGG! LANCASTER ENGLAND LA1 4YX! UNITED KINGDOM! (0524) 65201 X4123 

BRIAN A. E. MEEKINGS! DEPT. OF COMPUTER STUDIES! UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER! BAILRIGG! LANCASTER ENGLAND LA1 4YX! UNITED KINGDOM! (0524) 65201 

CHRIS D. PAICE! DEPT. OF COMPUTER STUDIES! UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER! BAILRIGG! LANCASTER ENGLAND LA1 4YX! UNITED KINGDOM! (0524) 65201 

HIKMETSAKA!DEPT. OF COMPUTERSTUDIES!UNIVERSITYOF LANCASTER!BAILRIGG!LANCASTERENGLANDLA1 4YX!UNITEDKINGDOM!(0524)65201X4120 

S. P. J. WAGSTAFF! DEPT. OF COMPUTER STUDIES! UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER! BAILRIGG! LANCASTER ENGLAND LA1 4YX! UNITED KINGDOM! (0524) 65201 

CHI YIP! DEPT. OF COMPUTER STUDIES! UNIVERSITY OF LANCASTER! BAILRIGG! LANCASTER ENGLAND LA1 4YX! UNITED KINGDOM! (0524) 65201 

H. J. ROWE! COMPUTER LABORATORY!LEICESTER UNIVERSITY! LEICESTER ENGLAND LEI 7RH! UNITED KINGDOM 

TONY MITCHELL! DEPT. OF COMPUTER STUDIES! LEEDS UNIV.! LEEDS ENGLAND LS2 9JT! UNITED KINGDOM 

B. HALE! THE MERTON CENTRE! PRIME COMPUTER INC.! ST. PETERS STREET! BEDFORD ENGLAND MK40 2PN! UNITED KINGDOM! 0234-65121 

A. M. ADDYMAN! DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE! THE UNIVERSITY! OXFORD ROAD! MANCHESTER ENGLAND M13 9PL! UNITED KINGDOM! 061-273 5466 X6 

RIC COLLINS! REGIONAL COMPUTER CENTRE! UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER! OXFORD ROAD! MANCHESTER ENGLAND M13 9PL! UNITED KINGDOM! 061-273-8252 

M. A. PELL! DEPT. OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE! UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER! OXFORD ROAD! MANCHESTER ENGLAND M13 9PL! UNITED KINGDOM! 061-273 8241 XO-X197 

GRARAM J. WHITE! 8 KINNAIRD ROAD! MANCHESTER ENGLAND M20 9QL! UNITED KINGDOM 

ATTN: DIRECTOR! COMPUTING LABORATORY! UNIVERSITY OF SALFORD! SALFORD ENGLAND M5 4WT! UNITED KINGDOM! 061 - 736 5843 X307 

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GEOFF V KING! BUSINESS STATISTICSOFFICE! CARDIFF ROAD! NEWPORT GWENT NPT 1XG! UNITED KINGDOM! 0633 56111 

S. M. JOHNSON! SCHOOL OF MATHS AND PHYSICS! UNIV. OF EAST ANGLIA! UNIVERSITY PLAIN! NORWICH ENGLAND NR4 7TJ! UNITED KINGDOM 

H. J. ZELL! 14 KEMPLAY ROAD! LONDON ENGLAND NW3! UNITED KINGiJuM 

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ATTN: LIBRARIAN! ATLAS COMPUTING DIV.! RUTHERFORD LABORATORY! CHILTON DIDCOT! OXON ENGLAND OX11 OQX! UNITED KINGDOM! ABINGDON 21900 X6226 

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(0734) 583555 

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D. W. BARRON! COMPUTER STUDIES GROUP! THE UNIVERSITY! SOUTHAMPTON ENGLAND S09 5NH! UNITED KINGDOM! 0703-559122 X700 

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K. H. BENNETT! DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE! UNIV. OF KEELE! KEELE STAFFORDSH ST5 5BG! UNITED KINGDOM! STOKE-ON-TRENT621111 X410 

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REFERENCE 

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THE NETHERLANDS 


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CHILE 


80225 

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4001 SOUTH AFRICA 

59801 

55455 

93940 

93940 

92507 

75080 

CV4 7AL UNITED KINGDOM 

59715 

61801 



NEW ZEALAND 

38677 


32611 

M5 4WT 

ATTN: DSM 

ATTN: FRIEDA S. COHEN 

ATTN: INSTITUT FUER INFORMATIK 

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STEPHEN TITCOMB 18017 WALTER WEHINGER D-7000 GERMANY 

KARL L. ZINN 48109 

JEFFREY TOBIA~ 2232 AUSTRALIA REINHOLD WEICKER D-8551 GERMANY 

TOM ZWITTER 44139

Pascal at Sydney University 

-2- 

A.J.Gerher C.C.Morgan 

1.5 Glitter 

a. A dayfile message has been added to provide timing information. 

~. Introduction 

The temptation to "playll with software is more often than not too great to 

resist, and we succumbed. Our experience (over 12 months) with our changes has 

given us confidence in them, and only a few of our original mods have been 

retracted. We are also pleased to add that users seem more than happy to use 

these "extra II features, and that we often have to turn away requests for the 

more fanciful changes which do get proposed from time to time. We do realise 

that Pascal is deliberatelydesigned to be minimal, efficiently implementable 

and so on. We also have some rather strong views on where the absence of certain 

features actually ~ many y programmers, as opposed to those features which 

are genuinely used rarely by a small group of users (which does not include 

ourselves). 

1. Implementation-dependent/orientedfeatures 

1.1 KRONOS-orientedchanges 

Necessary as always. In particular, allowing INPUT & OUTPUT to operate interactively 

under TELEX; and letting the compiler accept line numbers (sequence 

numbers) on source files. 

b. An option (*$W!*)provides warnings if any of the language extensions 

detailed below are used by the programmer. The default setting is lion!!. 

2. Lanquaqe-orientedextensions 

I 

Most of the language "extensions"detailed below do not, we believe, run 

contrary to the "spiritllof Pascal. They were all implementedquite cheaply and 

with little or no effect on compiler efficiency. Our experience with them has 

vindicated them at least as far as we are concerned. 

2.1 Readinq strings 

The standard procedure "readllis extended so that variables of type IIstring" 

(i.e.packed arrays of char) may be read. The definition is as follows: if f 

is a textfile, and s a string variable, then "read(f,s)"is equivalent to: 

for i := 1 ~ n do 

beqin 

sri] := ft , 

if not ..oln(f) then get(f) 

end; 

1.2 Listing format Note that read(f,s) never does a "get(f)1Iwhen eoln(f) is true. Hence it never 

causes a "readln(f)",and in addition it right-fills incompletely-readstrings 

A listing format modelled after the 1972 Stanford Algol W implementation was 

adopted. Particularly valuable is the ability for programmers to check BEGIN-END, 

with blanks. 

etc. nesting with level indicators on the left-hand side of" the listing. $-cards 

2.2 Reading and writinq symbolic scalar types 

(lines with a '$1 in the first column) may be used to control the listing's spacing, 

titling, paging, etc. A more interesting $-card is the II$INCLUDE " 

It is possible in our version to read and write symbolic scalar variables 

which allows source text from other files to be interspersed within the main source 

(RED,GREN,BLUE;...;CAT,DOG,MOUSE;...;TRUE,FALSE etc.). This allows the language 

file. 

1.3 For the benefit of student users 

to be more generous in its treatment of scalar variables - most users complain 

of the absence of this feature at one time or another. An additional benefit is 

that the post-mortem dump can now really dump such variables. 

Some more checking facilities have been added. There is a compile-time check 

against the assignment of a value to a for-loop control variable. The $T+ option 

has the added effect of initializing the stack at run-time to 

l777~~~~~~~~~~377776B's. This allows hardware checking for undefined reals and 

(most)pointers. An oversight in Pascal-600Q-3.4.was corrected: a check is made 

that during a IIreadll a subrange-typedvariable is not assigned an out-of-bounds 

value. The post-mortem dump was reformatted to make it a little more informative 

and easier to read. In addition, a procedure which invokes PMD, but then continues 

execution, has been added to the library ("SNAFII). 

2.3 Case-statementrevamp 

These extensions are arguably at odds with Pascal's "minimal language II 

philosophy, but turn out to be incredibly useful. They are: (i) the addition 

to the case-statementlabel list of a constant "range", and (ii) the addition of 

a IIdefault"label. The first of these is surprisingly absent from standard Pascal 

in view of the recent addition of constant ranges in the syntax of sets (e.g. [1..9]). 

We have a sneaking suspicion that this was not implementedbecause the Pascal-6000 

lexical analyser maps colon (:) and dot-dot (..) into the same internal symbol, thus 

making compilation of things like 

1.4. Fieldlength handling 

case i of 

A different FL-handling discipline is implemented. The user may preset his 

~,2. .l~ -;12: begin .... 

run-time FL at compile-timeby use of the (*$FLxxxxx*)control comment. This has 

rather awkward for a one-symbol-lookabeadcompiler. Our (ad hoc) solution was to 

the effectof forcingtheprogram(at run-time)to graban amountof coreequalto 

use the word symbol to in place of "..11here. The default label is represented by 

its code space, plus "xxxxx". The default setting is: 

else and is executed-rf no constant satisfies the evaluation of the case-expression. 

run-time FL = code space + size(global-data-seg)+ 2~~B. 

A typical example is: 

These settings may, of course, always be overridden at run-time by not running in 

REDUCE mode. 

case ch of 

~to IZI , 

, 

Articles 

'j2J1 to 19' 

else

Articles 

2.4 And for systems programmers 

-3- 

Two further modificationswere made to the language which are not intended 

for use by "general-purpose programmers".They enableone to undertakesystems 

programming from within Pascal exclusively. The extensions in this regard allow 

one to treat pointers as integers (and vice-versa), and to access the address of 

a variable. They are: 

(1) The llpointer to" operator. The use of "+" is extended so that if 

has been declared thus: 

Introduction 

Consider the following PASCAL code fragment: 

~ T = record 

x 

end; 

var P, Q : tT; 

var 

new(P); 

then the value of the expression "t"is a pointer to , 

and is of type IIt": 

Q .- P; 

: integer; 

(2) The mechanism provided by the standard functions I'ord" and IIchr" is 

extended in the following way: every ~ declaration allows the use of 

a corresponding "type-function" throughout the scope of its declaration. 

The type-function is of one argument, of ~~; the function-result 

is the same argument (bit-for-bit), but with its type ~hanged to that of 

the type-function. 

dispose(P); 

Qt.x := 1; 

The space occupied by the variable Qt has been de-allocated and yet Q 

has a non-nil value. This problem is mentioned in [1] and discussed 

3. In conclusion in [2]. should like to prOpose a solution which uses a garbage 

We would like to stress that our changes to Pascal-60Da have not detracted 

from the overall efficiency of the compiler or its object programs. Our experience 

over the past year or two with these changes has definitely vindicated them, and we 

feel they are worth the considerationof the Pascal community at large. 

collection system based on the block structure of PASCAL. Performing 

the garbage collection is simple and inexpensivetand the programmer can 

easily arrange matters so that the space occupied by dynamic variables 

(* Received (77/01/03) 

is not allocated for any significantly longer time than that for which 

the variable is actually required. 

Tony Gerber and Carroll Morgan are at the 

Basser Dept. of Computer Science 

University of Sydney *) 

The Scope of a Dynamic Variable 

DISPOSING OF DISPOSE 

Stephen P. Wagstaff. 

University of Lancaster 

England. 

Consider 

procedure 

OUTER; 

~T ...t 

var PI 

tT; 

Abstract 

This paper presents an argument for an automatic garbage collection 

system for dynamic variables in PASCAL, obviating the need for, and risks 

procedure INNER; 

var P2 : -IT; 

Variables of type T cannot exist outside the scope of OUTER, and neither 

associated with, user-controledde-allocation (e.g. DISPOSE). It also can pointers of type T. Thust whenever a dynamic variable is createdt 

describes how complete protection from "dangling" pointers may be the space it occupies can be maintained on a list associated with the approobtained. 

priate "procedure-instance" (or in implementation termst "stack frame"). 

Keywords Protectiont pointert garbage col1ectiont dynamic variablest 

PASCAL.

On exit from any procedure, the whole list can then quite simply be returned 

to the allocation system. 

The programmer can minimise his storage expenses by giving ~ 

declarations the minimum possible scope (which is good programming anyway). 

However, the question remains: what happens in the case where pointers 

reference identical structures but with differing type identifiers (and 

hence, possibly, differing scopes)? It seems reasonable to regard pointers 

as referencing~ rather than structures, and whenever two types have 

the same structure, to regard this as a "coincidence". This gives the 

programmer a fine degree of control over both the lifetime and accessibility 

of dynamic variables. Thus, with 

~T=...; 

procedure OUTER; 

of type pointer. 

The third and fourth points concern variant records. 

When dealing with access to the variant part of a record (static or 

dynamic), the compiler should generate code to perform a run-time check 

that the value of the tag-field is consistent with the variant implied 

(this check could perhaps be optional in general but mandatory for 

components of type pointer). 

Finally, if variants are overlaid, there is a possibility that a 

dynamic change of variant would result in erroneous access to memory 

space beyond that occupied by the variable. This can be dealt 

with either by forcing all variants to be specified with NEW and disallowing 

any further assignments to tag-fields or by disallowing the 

"variant" form of NEW so that the maximum required space is always allocated 

(The latter would allow dynamic changes of variant). 

~T] = t; y 

The last two points are discussed in detail in [2]. 

procedure INNER; 

~ T2 = 

T; 

var P2 : tT2; 

new(P2); 

PI := P2; 

the distinction in the programmers mind between types T, Tl and T2 

would be recognised and the final statementwould be flagged as an 

error by the compiler, as an incompatible assignment. 

Associated Protection Measures 

Should it be desired to trap all possible address violations 

associated with pointer variables, four accompanying measures are required. 

Firstly, to ensure that spurious pointer values do not exist, all 

pointers should be given an initial value of nil. 

Summary 

By incorporating an automatic garbage collection system for dynamic 

variables in PASCAL, together with appropriate scope rules for ~ identifiers, 

the responsibility for de-allocation can be taken away from the user, 

and hence a class of potential address violation errors can be eliminated. 

Given a little programmer awareness, the cost of this added protection 

need not be significant. Together with the other protection measures noted 

all address violation errors can be wither prevented at compile time or 

immediately trapped at run time. 

References 

1. Wirth, N. Pascal New3letter No.5 September '76 p.29 

2. Fischer, C. N. and LeBlanc, R. J. "Efficient Implementation and 

Optimization of Run-time Checking in PASCAL". SIGPLAN Notices Vol. 12 

No.3, March '77, p 19-24 

(* Received 77/05/17 *) 

Secondly, (assuming that pointers are implemented as main memory 

addresses!), external files should not be allowed to contain components 

I 

\

What is a Textfile? 

The PASCAL revised report, section 6.2.4 in particular, is in serious 

error as to the nature of textfiles. 

by -- the definition of type TEXT as FILE OF CHAR. 

This error arises -- or is demonstrated 

(As a typographicalconvention, 

program fragments are presented in upper case, and the pointer operator, 

up-arrow, is representedby the character @). 

As a result of this lapse, 

complex special-casenotions are introduced as primitive concepts. Please 

notice that I am not advocating a change in the language, or an abolition of 

existing notation: 

definition of the textfile notion. 

First, consider the files F and G: 

F: TEXT; 

G: FILE OF FILE OF CHAR. 

I merely propose a new, more useful, understanding and 

Obviously, a READ or WRITE performed on F will perform the same on G@, the 

"inner" file in G. Some of the auxiliary r/o constructs, however~ change in 

a very enlightening fashion: reviewing all available literature on the 

semantics 

of PASCAL file operations, we conclude that 

WRITELN(F) 

READLN(F) 

EOLN(F) 

becomes 

becomes 

bec ames 

PUT (G), 

BEGIN WHILE NOT EOF(G@) DO GET(G@): ~ET(G) END, and 

EOF(G)! 

implied by WRITELN, READLN, and EOLN, a 

each line is a file of characters. 

We conclude that to supply the structure 

textfile is at least a file of lines, where 

There is even more to a textfile: we haven't considered the PAGE statement. 

Let's add another 

declaration: 

H: FILE OF FILE. OF FILE OF CHAR. 

Now, anywhere we used G, we can use H@: 

of READLNchanges. 

the addition of the PAGE statement: 

logically, however, the re-representation 

The wholeset of equivalentconstruct-pairs becomes,with 

WRITELN(F) 

EOLN(F) 

PAGE(F) 

PUT(H@), 

EOF(H@),.and 

PUT(H). 

At this point, we have developed the structure that is necessary and 

sufficient to support all the standard textfile operations. As an added 

benefit (or is it a side effect?) we have a better appreciation of the 

embedded file, or file-of-file, concept. Before running off to reimplement 

textfiles the new way into your favorite compiler, however, let's give some 

thought to extensibility. 

If a textfile is considered as merely a nest of files, then those 

implementations which would like to give access to such things as page 

numbers, line numbers, and vertical printer spacing ("carriage control") will 

have to kludge those features in as primitives: thus we would be back where 

we started. If, however, we consider TEXT to be predeclared as follows, 

we notice some nice hooks: 

TYPE TEXT: RECORD 

END; 

END 

(*EXTERNAL FILE NAME, ETC*) 

P :FILE OF RECORD 

(*PAGENUMBER*) 

L:FILE OF RECORD 

END 

(*LINENUMBER*) 

(*SPACING*) 

C:FILE OF CHAR 

The comments point out places where interesting implementation-dependent 

features caD reside. 

READ (F) .;. 

WRITE (F) 

READLN(F) 

READ(H@@), 

WRITE(H@@), 

BEGIN WHILE NOT EOF(H@@) D0 GET(H@@): 

IF NOT EOF(H) THEN 

William C. Price 

28282 SW Mountain Rd. 

West Linn, OR 97068 USA 

(* Received 77/06/10 *) 

IF EOF(H@) THEN GET(H) ELSE GET(H@) 

END, 

WCP:pt 

- 1 - 

- 2 -

Generic '~outines ana variaole Tyoes in ~A~CAL 

07l27/772uo 

Gfneric Wout1nes ~nO Variaole Ty~es in PASCAL 

===============================;============= 

~t'stract 

-------- 

B. AU5tern1uehl, H.-J. J10ftmann 

Lo~puter Science Department 

T~ Darmst.adt, Germany 

uenf.ric rout1nps anc var18cle types, as ;ntroouceo in EL1 (1), are 

~ meanS to postpone tne binolng time of routines and data. In tnis 

~aDer it is exa~ined to ~hat aeQree SUCh features may be carried over 

to PASCAL .ithOut severe violation of the static type checKing 

requirement.. _e conclude that generic routines fit to PASCAL, .nile 

variaole t,pes nave to be suOject to strong restrictions. besides, 

tney may oe usee only in c0nnection with a special syntactic form. 

Introduct 

------------ 

iun 

Thi, paper is concerned .ith the possiui lity of extena,ng PASCAL 

oy t.e main featuresot ben wegbreit'slanguageEL1 (1J, namely 

~generic rOutines- ana -treatment of aata lypes as values-. 

In a generic routine in tne sense of 1:L.1, formal parameters are 

bouno to a set of aata types, and the type of an ar~ument must oe an 

element of the type set Of the corresponoing formal. Insiae a generic 

different .ctions may be exeCutea depenaing on argument types. 

Thus, a qener1c rOutine may be regaroea as a collection of different 

routines for arguments of different types under a single name, 

'.e. as the acstractlon of an operation that requires different 

algnrithms for different input data types. 

From tne second feature of EL1, the treatment of types as values, 

follo.s the aoillty to evaluate and compute types and therefore 

the existence at type variaoles ana type functions. Types are not 

treatea statically, but in a dynamic environment. Hence, variable 

types, too, for~ abstractions, since routines are not to oe oound 

to tneir data at definition time, Out the structure of objects may 

oecnme kno~n only at compi le or ~ven run time. 

we are .ell a~are of tne conceptual alfference oet.een EL1, .hich 

is an interpreter-based language (based on the facilities of the 

EeL system) .here type checKing may De deferrea unti I run time, and 

PASCAL, .here all types have to I:>e "no.n to the compi ler. Our goal 

IS to deter~ine tne restrictions to be posea on the Ell features 

tnat are usee to postpone tne binoing of procedures ana data from 

programming time to compi le or even run time Oy the type cnecKing 

requirements of PASCAL. 

In this oa~er, .e deal witn features of EL1 in PASCAL terminOlogy, 

too, sO .e speak of types Insteaa of mooes and ignore that EL1 is 

en expression language, 1.e. we distinguiSh between stat@menls and 

expressions. The extenoeo PASCAL that we investigate is referred 

~~nerlC ~0utj~es a~~ varlaole TYP~5 in ~ASCAL 

,"' 

? / 

" 

l/ I / i. t; 6 

to ~s ~4SC~L-GVr. 

j:.; 1,10r ~ e t 3 i l e'J d 1 ~ : '.J SoS i (1 ~I l:Ie r IT,a r) 0 1 t 11 

,:j e ~ 5 and r e su l t s 

0' E' 

may ~~ " tnunj in li]. An ~xperil~€ntal ver5ion of the Droposej 

extens~ons 1S i~Dlempnted uaSea ()n the YASCA~ P2-compiter. 

---------------------------------- 

rr:e ~ASCAl aes19n principles reliability ana clarity of the lanqUdq~ 

arp thE crjteria tor tne e~tension. fnese principles, in the 

extren'~, r~au1re static type Ch~cking anu pronio1t run time type 

Ch€Ck1n~ of ~p~rand$. In PASCAL, the com~iLer is aDLe to assert the 

co~nat1ciLitv at D~er&nd typf$ for eaCh ope~ation, incLudinq field 

SElect ion anj arrily sU'Jscr101nq. rheretore, in our extension we have 

to Qiy~ stdtic intormatiun auout v~r'~ole types to tne compiler when~ 

ev~r ~~ ar~ anle to. It we fdil, a~ a consequence, there must exist 

1ntertdc~S to fi~ variacle types at comp~le time. At those jnterfac~s, 

"()~~ver, ~e have to adW1t 0ynamic t~~e ChPCkS to ensure th~ 

valjoity ot th~ tixin~ at run tirne, and there type-dependent run 

time errors ~ay oCcur if the run tine inStdnCe of the type is not 

in tne set of allc.eo types. Tnese interfaces .ust De tne only points 

wh~re 1ynamic cneCks are r~Ql,ired, 9nd the user must oe aware of run 

tlme errors only at those points. 

lJn10n Typp~ and ttlP Generic Form in ELl 

-----.-----------------------------.--- 

In ~L1, we find urlion types. The medninq of -union-, there, is 

only th~ postPonem~nt of type ChciC~, i.e. at run time each object 

ana vari~ule has ourir~g its ljtetil~e ~ oefinite and unchangeable 

type. 

Tr' 

det~rminpo ny the argument type HnO cannOt oe changed s~bsequent to 

creat it.1n. 

p~rt'cul~r, the 0et1nite type of a union-typeo para~eter is 

A qenp.ric rcut;nF. has ~arameters of union types. Insioe its 

nooy, tne altern~tives of tne ~nion types W~y be sinqleo out by 

means of tMe -qeneric form- ttiat r~semDles a case statement in 

P~SCAl. A generiC form consists of several alternative Drancnes 

dnc1 a neaa~r na~inq tne pardnlPters the typ~s of ~nich are to be 

fixed. The rignt nand sjdes 01 ttle branches are statements, the 

left "and sides are formed ot type-lists (one entry for each 

generic oara~eter) and ~aditicnal (optionaL) predicates. In the 

type-lists, allernatives tor unions of atternatives) of the 

parameters- uniorl types are specified, to which the types of the 

correspond1n~ Pdrameters are tixeo in~ide tne OranChes. 

T~e aOpropr1ate oranch for a Qiv~n combination of argument types 

Inay be selectpd at comDiL~ time, it all types in one of the typelists 

'cover' tfor definition of cover see llJ, p.,50) the corres~ 

pono~nt argu~pnt types. Slnce argument types ~ay be unions (if argu. 

ments are ~arameters at otner routines), an argum~nt type may be 

onlY rartidlly cov~rpa (l1J,p.2~~) Oy a typ~-list element, i.e. some 

alternatives ot the argument ty~e are not alt~rnatives of the typelist 

element, .hi Ie ot"ers are. It,en the compi ler is not aole to 

decioe ~~etner tne nefinit~ run time t)pe fits or nOt, ana must

Generjc Routines ano Variable Types in PASCAL 

07/£7/7720~ 

Gen~rjc koutin~s ann vAriaoLe lyoes in PASCAL 

U7/27/(72Uo 

generate a run time test. Tnis, holds, tOo, if the additional predicate 

is not e,aluable at compile time. 

-------------------------------- 

In _egbreit"s ECL system there exists a campi ler as well as an 

interpreter. both fully compatible. Each may call the other as a 

suoroutine. Therefore the compiler is able to e,aluate parts of a 

campi lation un't (routine) and to use the ,alue instead of the form. 

So predicates of a generic form may be e,aluated by tne campi ler and 

a campi le time selection may be done. In the generic form carried 

o,er to P~SCAL-GVr, preoicates are not allowed. There are two reasons 

for this aecision: 

1. we ha,e no interpreter in our system. Therefore, predicates are 

not e,aluable at compile-time, and a run time selection is necessary 

for each call of a generic routine with predicates, e,en if 

the co,ering of all argument types is asserted. 50 the numeer of 

possible run ti~e errors increases. 

2. by design, ~ decision in a generic form '5 a decision deeending 

on the types, nOt on the 'alues of the arguments. Accoroingly, 

ereciicates in a generic form snould De eredicates on types only. 

The type classes that are oefined implicitly by predicates, 

howe'er, dO not ha,e suCh a specific structure that the compiler 

is aole to hanole them (e.g. aLL one-Dimensional arrays). The 

comO; ler .ill nDt be able tD determ'ne any component statically. 

Therefore a static type cheCking .i II no De possiele inside the 

brancn and sa the advantages of tne generic ferm w; II ee lest. 

Union types in the sense of EL1, no~e,er, fit to the reguirements 

of PASCAL. First, tne structure of eaCh alternati,e is kno.n to the 

compiler, so there is no difference to a normal PASCAL type after 

the selection of one single alternat;,e ;n a generic form. second, 

the type constancy during tne lifetime of a union-typee parameter 

allows a stack implement.tion of sUCh parameters. when the proce- 

Dure is entereD, the defjnite type with its length oecomes known 

(Since this happens at r~n time, runtime type descriptors ha,e to be 

generated by the compiler). Since the length is unchangeaDle, an 

aooress on the staCk may be Computed for eaCh union-typee parameter 

and the argument ,a lues may ue copiee. Access to the parameter 

,alues is ;noirect ,ia the compile-time-computable local aedress, 

~here a poihter fO tne run-time-computable real adoress ;s to be 

storeD. Since .e are able to put uniDn-typed parameters on the 

stack as oPPDsea to the PASCAL heap (.here flexible-length parameters 

.oulD ha,e to De pUt), there are nD problems with RELEASEcommanas 

of the user. So union-typee parameters do not mess UP 

PASCAL"s storage management SCheme. 

The demand for static type cneCK;ng implies that eaCh generic 

par.met~r is fi.ea to a aetined, camp; ler-kno.n type (including a 

union type) at the entry into a generic branCh. If that type is a 

union, operatiDns on tne parameter are restricteo to assignments and 

eQuality t~sts inside the oranCh, s,nce static tyDe checking requires 

IUlly f;xee operano types for any Otner operation. This restriction 

tDrces a progra~~er to .rite oo.n reDeatedly si~ilar branches for 

similar, Out different tyues (e.~. array of ;nt~gervs. array of 

real). Tne PASCAL can,entiun of ident,fyinq a type oy jts na~e, 

nOt vy its structure, aisenaolps uS to oefine arrays of un;ons and 

sO to hanDle si~ilar structures in a single Dr~nCh, since we then 

hao to ha,e ,ariables 01 type array of unions. uniDn-typed ,ariables, 

nD.e,er, will not be alluweD, since (a) each ,ariable must 

ha,e an unchangeaole type ltnere is no chance Df a postponement of 

type choice as .ith parameters) ane (n) union-typed ,ariables .ould 

impose further neea fnr run time type cneCkS. So the oisad,antage 

of multiple .riting ~c~n can not oe remedieu oy using unions. we 

.ill see later that there is a slight impro,ement oy use of ,ariable 

types. 

.ith the gj,en restrictions, the generic form is easily transferaule 

to PASCAL. Tnus, a PASCAL-GVT prOcedure bOdY may ae either 

a normal PASCAL proceDure Dr a generic form. The only ,iolation of 

static ty~e checking ay the use Df a gener,c form may occur if only 

oartjal cD,erin~ is gi,en at compile time and thus a run time check 

is needed tor branch selection. If at run time the cDmo,natiDn Df 

argument types daes not fit to any of the branChes, a type-dependent 

run time error will result, ,iDlating the principle of static 

tyoe checKing. Tnis, nowever, onlt oCCurS at a well-defined interface, 

wnere the user MOy expect it. ~esides, tn~ number of run t;me 

branch selections .ill narmally be small. 

-.------ 

tyPe JNT.~R.¥ ~ array l,..J of INTEGE~; 

UNION s one~f \1~TtGE", INTAkRAY); 

nrOceoure P (P~RA: uNION; PA~B: oneof (CHAR, INTEGER»; 

generic (PAkA,PARb) of 

lINTAR"AY,ChAkJ Deg;n ena; 

lINTEGER,INTE&EkJ cegin end 

end; 

Types 8S values 

--------------. 

In eASlAL, typeS are statiC oescrlPtions of the structure of . 

class Of oDjects. In EL1, nowe,er, type generators are callable 

functions and deliver a type ,alue. Ihe comDi ler e,aluates such 

generators unCer assistance Of the interpreter. Consequently, useruefined 

tyDe functions as .ell a5 type ,ariables are permitted. If 

a type functiDn is not e'aluaole at compile time, a call to the 

interpreter is generatee, i,e. type checKing is oelegated to run time. 

rYDP v8r;acles may be -frozen', i.e. p.vaLu¥tea in an interpreted 

en,ironment of 8 cDmpllation stev, and tneir ,alue may oe used as a 

type constant jn the compilation unit. "untrozen" type ,ariables, 

aqain, require type checKing at run time. The facilities of evaluating 

tYDe functions and freezinG tyoe ,arlaoles enable. the compiler 

to nail ao~n variable typ~s. Tne ninaing of routines to typts 

;s trar'~fered from pro9rsmm1ng t~mc to campi le time, Out an inte~- 

~retec pnvirQnment has to oe ne involvea in this process.

Generic ~outines ana Variable Types in PASCAL 

07127177200 

In pASCAL, we dO not have the facility to freeze variables, since 

there is no ,nterpreted environment available. A variable type at 

programming time remains variable at campi le time (although being 

invariable at run time). Static type checking, hOwever, reQuires a 

wioe range of constancy for type variables, since these have to act 

8S repr@sentatives of the run tima typas: Two variables declared by 

the same type variable must have the same run time type, since the 

compiler can cheCk their types only by means of the name of the 

type variable. AS a conseqUence, a type variable in PASCAL-GvT must 

not be aSSigned a value in any other than in its declaring procedure; 

Otherwise assignments to a type variable between declarations 

of two variables in hierarchically ordered procedures might result 

in different run time types of thoSe variables in spite of the com_ 

pile time assumPtion that they have the Same type. 

In contrast to tL1, where type checking of variable-typed variables 

ana, it neeo be, insertion of operations for conversion of 

their values, mey De done at run tima, the static type checking 

mechanism of PASCAL requires full compile time checking of operand 

types for every operation other than assignment or equality cheCK 

(where no specific types, but only eQuality of types is required). 

Therefore we have to introouce a facility to nai l down types of 

variable-typed variables, simi lar to that we have for nai ling down 

types of generic parameters. .e define in PASCAL-GVT a new syntactic 

form, Called 'generic expression", which lookS like the original 

generic form used as the body of a generic routine, out has expressions 

instead of statementS as its oranches. The "parameters" of a 

generic exaression name the variable-typed variableS, the types of 

which are fixed to allow operations on them in the branches. 8y this, 

static type checking remains possible in spite of allowing variaDles 

to be declared with (at compile time) variaDle types. Here, too, we 

have an interface, where type-depenaent run I ime errors may be expected, 

if the definite combination of types at run time is not coverea 

Dyane of the type-l'sts in the generic form. Only variables or parameters 

Can have a variable type, since there are no operations on variaole 

types avai lable. Tnus, a generic expression must have a unique 

invariahle type, i.e. all brancnes must nave the same resulting type, 

which must br. invariable. There is only one excePtion to this uniQueness 

requirement: Assignment of an invariable-typed value to a variaDle-tyeed 

iariable is done Dy use of the generic expression, too, 

Then the left hand variable is entered into the "parameter'-list of 

tne generic expression forming the right hana sioe of the assignment 

statement, and each oranCh of the generic exoression must have that 

result type, to which the lett hana variable is fixed in that Dranch. 

~ith tnese restrictions ana syntactical aids type variables may 

be hanaleo in a static type cheCkinq environment. Besides variables, 

ho~ever, we have to consider type functions and other type-valued 

eXDressions. 

Tne two main aovantages of type functions are the ability to 

define 

(1) recursive data structures 

(2) similar structures over different base types by one aefinition. 

As to recursion, the static type cheCking mechanism does not allow 

such a dynamic structuring, since the compiler is not able to determine 

the oepth at the recursion staticallv and sa cannot provide 

access to any component. This implies that one cannot aeflne operations 

on oejects oeclareD by recursive tyre functions. So recursion 

ueneric Routines and variaole Types in ~ASCAL 

01127177206 

m~st lIe foruioden. In adOition, even without r~cu,.sion, type tunc. 

t10n5 are not compiL~ time eV8luaole OecaUSp. of the existence of 

parameters and ,loOals. Since the Camp; let' is unaole lo determine 

tne structure of any function-def,nea type, those typeS are obviously 

mean,ngl~ss anc tnus are forbidden in ~ASCAL-GvT. 

AS to other ty~e-valued e.pre~sions, we must consider tn~ above 

remark on recurS10r1.rlere tne same holdS for iteration. If ~e allo~ 

complex type-valuea expressions, it will always De oossiole to 

assign: TvAR := array [...J at TvAR, which structur~ will not oe 

recooni~aoLe statically. So we must for~id, tOO, complex tyoe-valued 

expreSS10ns and allow only type variables ana t,pe constants to 

appear on the r;~ht h~na side of an assignment ~tatement. 

StruCtures Over v~riabl€ Tvue$ 

-----.------------------------ 

~truCturEs (arrays, reCoras) over u~ions cannnt be def;ned 

since type union is only allowPd tor 0arbmeter specification: 

parameters in PASCAL, h('~ev~r, wust be specified not oy a ty~~ 

structure, Out DY ~ tvue name, ~na compatibility of actual ana 

formalp~r~~et~rsis determinedonly bv equaLit~ of tne type name, 

no~ by Slmllar1ty ot structure (or a certain kinCl of covering, if 

u"tons were 1MVol~eo). Stnce we 00 not allo~ variabLes of union 

tyoe, tnere cannot exist any co~patiole araument for a formal of 

type 'struCture of union'. 

StruCtures oypr type vartaoles,ho~ever,are meaningful,since 

ty~e variatles ~ay oe usee in any context ~nere otner types ~ay be 

useo. Althouqh its overall 

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Generic Routines and variable Ty~es in PASCAL 

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generi c l, r;.: Zur verwenoung typdbhaenQiger Prozeduren und 

a r i i: i.. l t;' Typen in P.SCIL, Uiplo~a Thesis, Computer 

cience eOdrtr.1ent, TH OarmStDdt, ~'i le Nr. ~u 5055, 

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(* Received 77/08/05 *) 

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Dear 

Andy, 

The U ni versi ty of Tasmania 

Posta1 Address; Box 252 C, G,P.O., H:)bart, Tlismar:ia 7001, Ausfr3!ia 

Telephone: 230561. Cables'Ti!suni' Telex: 58150 

All is forgiven. Let's forget the past and get on with >and .thw 

il?[~.t~LC-)~C(!A. . . 

;::0;- J.-~ persuasive 8egment. 

I a~ interested to know that the non-academic world in the U.S. is interested 

in PASCI\L. I'd love to know how many of those PUGN subscribers are (I) miniconputer 

firms, (i i) mainframe operators, (i i i) software houses, or (iv) just 

interested individuals? It'd be interesting, yes? Thank you too for the Minnesota 

breakdm,rn of usagc. 5 - 10% usage rate in number of runs is indeed good 

pro:Jress. 

Our first-year course will switch over entirely to PASCAL next academic 

year (a first for reactionary Austral ia) now our compiler is operational, and I 

wi 11 put on a 1I\.Jhat's in PASCAL for you" course later this year for the general 

academic population. It will be interesting, as our FORTRAN usage at Tasmania 

has never been dominant due to some complex historical constraints. Switching 

Algo~into Pascallers is easier in one way, but convincing them of the merit 

of the switch is more difficult! 

We are also organizing through 8urroughs to run our compiler on a 87700 

system, and probably a dual-processor B6700. If I can get to any others of the 

range (eg the new 6800) I'll try them too. He aim to thrash it on re-entrancy 

and any possible model-dependent features. Hardware documentation is very poor 

in Bu r roughs. And needed. 

My best wishes. I hope the workload doesn't get you down. 

Yours sincerely, 

""1:) 

J> 

G") 

fT1

. 

Open Forum for Members 

TELEPHONE: 6921122 

BASSER DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE 

School of Physics (Building A28), 

University of Sydney, N.S.W. 2006 24 May 1977 

Andrew B. Mickel, 

Editor, Pascal Newsletter, 

Calputer Centre, 227 Exp Engr, 

university of Minnesota, 

MINNE/\POLIS m 55455 

UNITED STAmS OF AMERICA 

Dear 

Andy, 

'lhanks for mailing ~ newsletter #8 air mail - as Arthur Sale 

points out, three I!Dnths' lag is unaooeptable. (It's oontinually 

annoying to receive ocnference notices arXI Calls for Papers fran l\CM 

weeks after the event.) 

I am mainly writing to air a grudge. At the begirming of this 

year we sent you a short article dealing with changes to the Pascal-6000 

oc:npiler we had nade. Although you no doubt have good reasons for not 

publishing any w:>rd of these changes, we are at a loss to uro.erstand why 

you subsequently publish 

p~s for changes, when we have actually 

inplerrented these changes can attest to their worth or otherwise. 

I>e have not attenpted, nor do we wish to attenpt to inplement features 

such as dynamic arrays and initializaticns as it is obvious that a lot 

of people are debating several alternative proposals. With one exception, 

what we have inplemented entails sinply weakening restrictions already 

present in the language. '!hey are: 

(I) reading "packed arrays of char"; 

(2) reading arXI writing symbolic scalar ty-pes; 

(3) allCMing a "range" of labels for case-statement labels; 

(4) providing an "else" - clause for case-statanents (this is the 

exceptien) ; 

(5) allCMing functicns to be of any type (except file). (This is 

a new ene, cnIy just inplanented.) - 

'ilie debate en the suitability of the else-clause in the casestatement 

seems to be a rather oveJ:WOrked one, reminiscent of the danglingelse 

debate for if-statements. Wirth talks of oonvenience as opposed to 

necessity in this context in PUGN #8, b.1t I cannot help feeling that a lot 

of the language w:JUld disappear if this =iterion was applied to the whole 

language (e.g. the ~-statement, if-then-else is really only "case 

of true: ...; false: ... errl", record variants). fobst people 

here sean to be perfectly happy aoout using the else-clause - they 

include people who one could genuinely call "gooarprogramrers. 

CA.trother under-the-table extensions {type-functions which 

relax type-checking (cf. Richm:md's transfer functions in PUGN #8) and the 

address-of cperator) illustrate IrOre closely our ideas on why we feel no 

regret at "extending" Pascal. '!hese systems-oriented changes were made 

for purely selfish reasons: sate of us wanted to carry out systems 

progranming entirely in Pascal, despite the fact that Pascal was not 

designed as such. '!he point is that prograrnning in "extended Pascal" is 

I!Ulch nore satisfying than progranming in an assent>ly language. CA.tr 

concern is therefore that we should makePascalIrOre useful than it 

really is, sinply because the alternatives available (on the me Cyber) 

are so aJ:ho=ent. In our minds, we always maintain the distinction between 

"Sydney" arXI "Standard" Pascal, an:l so dces the oc:npiler - it will, unless 

directed otherwise, flag every use of a Sydney-inplemented extension. 

Surely then, our efforts should not be ooncentrated on starXlardizing 

Pascal at a time when Pascal is begirming to show signs of age. There are 

non-trivial deficiencies in Pascal which are being attacked in IrOre recent 

languages (Eu-::lid, CIlJ, Alfhard et al). Pascal might better serve therefore 

as a testbed in which inproved ideas may be evaluated. I have this recurring 

nightmare: I'm reading the Ul'OPIA 84 Newsletter an:l they're oc:nplaining 

about all these old-fashioned people in industry an:l academia who won'trrcve 

fran Pascalto UIDPIA84 because of the large financial investment tied up in 

Pascal software ... Pascal's role is not, I bell.eve, to serve as the next 

inportant widely-used general-purpose language. It is a credit to its design 

that although it wasn't designed as such, it has nearly becane such. let's 

keep Pascal in its proper perspective, please: 

Finally, we w:JUld be grateful if you wculd give our m:xli.fications 

sate publicity. Theyare actually inplanented, they w:>rk, our experience 

with them (over a year) is ~tive, and the llIplanentation overhead 

incurred is definitely acce _Ie. 

(* Editor'sNote: In a reply dated 77/06/07,I stated: 

"I justreceivedyou letter,Tony,yesterday.John and I owe you severalbig 

apologies. I found out shortly after reading your 24 May letterthat there was 

material on John'sdeckwhichI had neverseen: a listingand somecorrespondence. 

I hope you don't get the idea that we g~ out of our way to hassle Australian PUG 

members! .... 

"The trouble with an else on case is that it catches things you don't 

as well as the things you do, and you can't distinguish among them. 

plan for 

Separate 

it will 

compilation is a good thing. Your include feature or something like 

wind 

up in Release3 [of Pascal-6000].-------- 

"Regarding Utopia 84, I've had the same thoughts, but we haven't even gotten 

rid of Fortran yet, and once that precedent is set, getting rid of Pascal when its 

time comes will be easier. No, I don't think you comprehend the politics of getting 

a language like Pascal widespread. So yes, Pascal's role is to be the next 

widely used general purpose language, and any attempts by you or I are going to fail; 

it simpley has too much merit on its own to stop it. Languages like Euclid, Alphard, 

and CLU are not general purpose and therein is the rub! Besides they needlessly 

adopted differentsyntaxfor similarsemanticconstructs. 

"Thank you again for all you have done " 

lip Ṡ. What does "grinting" mean?" *) 

en 

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1111111111111- 

ANPA RESEARCH INSTITUTE 

Mr. Andy Mickel 

Pascal User's Group 

Dear 

Andy, 

1350 Sullivan Trail, P. O. Box 598 

Easton, Pennsylvania 18042 

(215) 253-6155 

June 1, 1977 

Each Newsletter seems to be getting better. Number 8 is truly 

high quality both in presentation and content. 

I have given lots of thought to the question of PASCAL software 

tools. There is no question that there exists a great need for the 

collection, review, and distribution of shareable software. We need 

to do this within PUG so that we can preserve our independence while 

increasing our scope. 

Up until now I have collected and installed at Lehigh University 

a number of useful programs. I've used those to trade to get others. 

The problems of wider distribution have me truly worried. At Lehigh 

our antiquated 7 track drives and strange 63 character set make machine 

compatibility problems (via ma~netic tape) almost insurmountable. I've 

even had five crates of cards (50,000) punched to import some software. 

Postage and other distribution costs have been paid out of my own pocket. 

There has got to be a better way - here's my suggestion: 

I recommend that PUG Newsletter allocate a number of pages in each 

issue to the publication in source form of generally useful PASCAL 

programs. Both software tools and pedagogic examples could be published 

~program listings, documentation, designer commentary, and reviews) in 

I The Programmer's Corner" of the Newsletter. I could use my facilities 

at ANPA to produce camera ready copy of this material. Local nonstandard 

usage could be clarified in text descriptions. Constructive 

criticism from members would be invited. 

"The Programmer's Corner" has other benefits besides facilitating 

the sharing of programs. Good technique and compliance to standards 

would be encouraged. A new outlet for programmer/user ideas would be 

opened. Software tool distribution would be furthered by encouraging 

implementers/distributers to include the published programs on PASCAL 

distribution tapes. The tools would also form a good test base for 

implementors. 

space in the already crowded Newsletter will be used. To the first 

objection I respond that a continually growing, universally available 

software set offers significant advantages. To the second I offer the 

following method for increasing the available space in the Newsletter. 

First, we set up an abbreviation scheme. E.g., SA i slow arrays, 

DA.. dynamic arrays, DF ~ direct access files, FIO ~ formatted input/output, 

etc. Letters from dissidents could then be ti~htly compressed for 

publication. "W/O FIO & DF, PU & WNRF: MH/ABT could be the concise 

representation of "Dear Andy, Without formatted I/O and direct access 

files, PASCAL is useless and will never replace FORTRAN. ..." 

Incidentally my own experience over the last five years with 

students who have learned to program using PASCAL is that if they go 

into a non-PASCAL environment, they quickly become an importer or 

implementer of PASCAL. In their minds, neither FORTRAN, COBOL, nor 

PL/I will ever replace PASCAL. 

One final word about "The Programmer's Corner" idea. It seems to 

me that as our organization matures member interest will shift from 

implementation discussions to applications. I, therefore, look for the 

Newsletter to soon begin reflecting this change and membership to grow 

even faster because of it. 

n S.il1e~~ ly, 

~~ J.Cichelli 

Research Manager 

Computer Applications Department 

Co-director, Computer Science Group 

Department of Mathematics 

Lehigh University 

(* Editor's Note: I reacted negatively to this proposal at first, especially 

beca~se of space ~onsiderationsand who would judge what programs would be 

publlshed. But R1Ch phoned me and talked me into it - provided he edit the 

section; he's really right that we should involve the interest of users much 

more than we have. It's been mostly implementors so far. Beginning with 

next issue (~ascal News #11), we should have some programs (mostly software 

tools) to prlnt. See also the second page of Mike Ball's letter for his views 

on portable program exchange. *) 

My personal interest in this stems from my great disappointment in 

~he dropping of the Algo~ithms Section from Communications of the ACM. 

The Programmer's Corner offers a way to restore program and algorithm 

design to its rightful preeminent place in our profession. 

I can see two disadvantages to this approach. First, it will take 

time before a thorough set of tools is published and, secondly, valuable 

AMERICAN NEWSPAPER PUBLISHERS ASSOCIATION/RESEARCH INSTITUTE

16 June 1977 

Mr Andy Mickel 

University Computer Center 


Minneapolis, MN 55455 

Dear 

Andy 

Enclosed is a check for my membership renewal for the next year. 

Please change my address to: 

Michael S. Ball 

Code 632 

Naval Ocean Systems Center 

San Diego, CA 92152 

This is a change of address due to a local reorganization. 

I am currently hard at work an the concurrent and sequential 

Pascal compilers for the Interdata 8/32. The past few months 

were spent on the design of the Kernel and compiler changes, 

so I had very little time to worry about anything else. We 

have an innitia1 operation date 6f 15 July, so things are coming 

to a head. It will not be available for distribution for at 

least several months. 

The Univac 1100 compiler is seeing increasing local use, and 

there are 24 known copies in the field. There are 11 at 

universities, 4 at government installations, and the rest in 

industry. I have no data on the amount of use except at a few 

of the installations. 

I was interested in the "standard extensions" to Pascal. I would 

like to suggest that these be limited to those which can be 

translated easily into equivalent standard rascal. For instance, 

Dynamic arrays can be used in ways which are much more difficult 

to translate than can parameter arrays. Other extensions should 

be limited to additional standard procedures, and prehaps minor 

changes to highly system dependent actions such as file 

declarations. This limitation should increase program portability, 

while at the same time providing the convenience and added 

efficiency which seems to be the motivation behind most of 

the suggested improvements. 

Along that line, I would like to suggest that a standard syntax 

be specified for external and other language subroutine 

declarations. The implementation is of course highly machine 

dependent, but a uniform syntax would ease transfer pains. 

While on the subject of extensions, I heard from Jim Shores that 

you have a proposed extension for initialization which Wirth liked. 

If this is in shape for use, I wduld like a copy of this, since 

the initialization of tables is an area of considerable inefficiency 

in many programs. 

I would also like to urge the creation of a standard editing 

procedure and distribution format for Pascal programs, since 

in my experience much of the trouble in transporting programs 

comes in incorporating corrections, and then later in merging 

corrections with the inevitable local modifications. Something 

similar to Bell Lab's source code control system might provide 

a reasonable approach. The first job, of course, is to decide 

what features are needed, and what can be implemented in a 

portable manner. I would like to suggest the following list of 

features as a starting point. 

1. The standard should include the full ASCII character set, 

but all programs should be case independent, so that they can 

be translated to an upper-case subset without harm. 

2. Card length restrictions should be followed, since many 

operating systems work in card images. Serial numbers should 

be optional. 

3. Corrections should include enough redundancy (prehaps an 

alphabetic checksum of some sort) so that corrections which are 

transmitted on paper have a reasonable chance of surviving the 

keypunching experience. 

4. The system should provide the ability to add local changes 

with the local editor, then merge these corrections with new 

corrections from the distributer (a down-date procedure). 

5. The programs which implement this should 

with the subset Pascals which are frequently 

a bootstrap. In particular, as few files as 

used. 

More specific suggestions are easy tq generate. 

be implementable 

the first step in 

possible should be 

We are intending to implement some form of source code control 

system for our own use, and if there is interest in this, we 

will take the extra trouble to make it portable and generally 

useful. Lets here from 0thers on the subject. I am sure that 

I am not the only one tired of simulating other systems' 

editors by hand. 

en 

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--0 

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yours, 

Mike 

Ball 

V1 

o

!Ii 1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd. West 

Montreal, Quebec H3G 1MB 

D 7141 Sherbrooke Street West 

Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6 

Tel. 514-879-4251 

PASCAL User's Group 

c/o Andy Mickel 

UCC:227 Exp. Engr. 



incorporating Sir George Williams University and Loyola of Montreal 

June 16, 1977 

then the first READ would find 123 and the next would fail, which 

might be confusing. We could insist that the item be followed by 

a blank, but this has obvious problems too. For example, a program 

reading expressions would accept 123 +456 but not 123+ 456. 

The method extends naturally to user defined scalars and (note!) 

subranges. This is important, because I think that it would be 

pointless to extend PASCAL in such a way that scalars could be read 

but entering FLASE instead of FALSE causes a fatal run-time error. 

The programmer still has to provide an error recovery routine. 

For an interactive program, there is no problem: issue a diagnostic 

and cue for corrected data. For a batch program the easy way out 

is to READLN, leaving the user to spot further errors on the same 

line. In a specific application, however, it is often possible to 

design a more sophisticated error recovery procedure which takes 

reasonably intelligent action. 

The PASCAL Newsletter is doing a fine job. Keep it up! 

Dear 

Andy, 

The merit of PASCAL is its simplicity. It is reasonable to 

expect a competent PASCAL programmer to correctly predict the effect 

of any well-constructed PASCAL statement, which is more than can be 

said of certain other programming languages. In attempting to 

standardize PASCAL we should attempt to tidy up loose ends, not to 

incorporate fancy features. When we have to extend the language, we 

should preserve the spirit of the initial design. 

Everyone has their own ideas about what the most important 

defects of PASCAL are. My own pet grievance is the READ statement 

used to perform automatic conversion from character string to 

INTEGER or REAL. No user will accept a program which collapses when 

it encounters an unexpected character in the input stream, and no 

programmer wants to incorporate conversion procedures into every 

program he writes. Therefore, READ must have an error exit, and the 

problem is how to provide it in a clean way. The solution should 

be compatible with the existing READ, so that simple-minded 

conversion is available for toy programs and novice programmers. 

I tentatively propose the following: the READ statement should 

accept an actual parameter whose type is RECORD. The record must 

contain two fields, one scalar or REAL, and the other BOOLEAN. 

For example: 

CO!JIp/ltation Center 

512/471-7242 

Dear Andy: 

THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN 

AUSTIN, TEXAS 78712 

June 24, 1977 

VAR ITEM: RECORD 

DATUM: 

FOUND: 

END; 

SCALARTYPE; 

BOOLEAN 

After executing READ(FILENAME,ITEM) either ITEM.FOIDID = TRUE and 

ITEM. DATUM has the appropriate value or ITEM. FOUND = FALSE and 

ITEM. DATUM is undefined. In the first case, the file pointer will 

have been advanced past the item read, and in the second the file 

pointer will be unchanged, except that leading blanks and blank 

lines will have been skipped. If we have formatted input, then 

the pointer would be advanced over the indicated field width in either 

case, and the program would not get a second chance to read the item. 

If SCLARTYPE is INTEGER and the input stream contains 

AA 

the 

string 

l23J5 

Since it's renewal time, I thought it would be appropriate to bring you 

up to date on PASCAL related happenings here at UT. 

The best news is that we finally got confirmation that the new version 

of DEC-IO PASCAL has in fact made it to the U.S. and DECDS. This confirmation 

came in the form of a copy of the files for a test installation 

from Carl Perkins of DEC to whom we had supplied the old version of 

PASCAL. He informed us that he would be the official DECDS submittor. 

We have the new version up and in reasonable shape. Tbe biggest problem 

with it is that all programs that ran with the old version have to be 

changed. 

On the Control Data side of things, Wilhelm Burger has left UT to take a 

job in Washington, D.C. Tom Keel of our staff is now looking after the 

PASCAL system. We are looking at installing your efficiency mods from the 

PASCAL Newsletter #5. Another programmer made a good start on a PASCAL 

interactive debugger this past semester. 

U"1 

f--'

Let me turn now to the question of standardizationwhich has been debated 

so thoroughly in the PN issues of the past year. It appears from the information 

in PN #8 that the U. S. standardizationprocess is not well understood. 

I enclose a copy of a presentationmade at VIM-23 by Meredith 

Speers which describes the process quite well. A careful review of the 

process will reveal that it is an extremely expensive and time consuming 

process. The effort in shepherding the proposal for a standard through 

SPARC is considerable. I would estimate that it would take a year and 

about $35,000. counting personnel support to get a technical committee set 

up. A conscientiouseffort could shorten this time frame, but I doubt it. 

Once the technical committee is established I suspect at least 12 to 18 months 

will be required to formulate an acceptable standard. Assuming quarterly 

meetings, this translates to 4 to 6 meetings. This estimate assumes a 20 

to 25 person technical committee. As you point out in PN #8, the technical 

committee is critical to the formulationof a standard and I doubt that the 

canvasapproachwillworkwith PASCALgiventhe acknowledgedweak spotsin 

both the Report and Manual. 

The technical committee under X3 rules is a volunteer organization with 

strong continuing attendance requirements to assure a body of expertise 

behind the proposed standard. GiVEnthe strong interest in a standard expressed 

within PUG, I would expect a technical committee of 20 to 25 sufficiently 

committed volunteers could produce a standard in 12 to 18 months. 

The most difficult part, as you point out, would be to control extensions 

to the language. 

If the effort through BSI does in fact result in a proposed ISO standard, 

then SPARC will almost certainly set up an X3 PASCAL technical committee. 

Consequently, I think that a U.S. X3J committee for PASCAL is probably 

inevitable and PUG should probably take the leadership in establishing 

such a comrndttee. 

Enclosed is my renewal check. 

WMo/:mp 

Ene losures 

Keep up the good work! 

Sincerely, 

:::t:el' 

Programming 

Services 

Manager 

(* Editor's Note: Wally is a memberof the ANSIX3J2 Basic Standards 

Committee. I replied to Wally in a quick note dated 77/06/27 that: 

"I guess the point is that we don't want an ANSI standard that differs 

from an ISO standard. We are not going to go for an ANSI standard 

because it takes too much timeand energy." I might now add that 

after there is an ISO standard, ANSI should adopt it as a matter of 

course. *) 



227 Exp. Engineering Building 



Dear 

Andy: 

Please 

academic year 

to you, John, 

exceptionally 

UNIVERSITY COMPUTING CENTER 

!-JNIVERSITY OF COLORADO 

BOULDER. COLORAOO 80309 

22 July 1977 

find enclosed my membership for the next 

for the Pascal User's Group. And congratulations 

and the others for producing four newsletters of 

high quality. Keep up the good work. 

After reading Newsletter #8 and listening to CDC present 

their future plans, I agree with your position that now is the 

time to formalize the definition of Standard Pascal by cleaning 

up the semantic definition and making relatively few extensions 

to the syntax. The important syntactical changes should include 

dynamic arrays, value initialization (including arrays and 

records), strict procedure parameter type checking and case 

statement alternative. 

I don't expect to see the bulk of my proposals in Newsletter 

#8 implemented in Standard Pascal. I believe the best 

route for implementing extensions to PASCAL is to build a preprocessor 

(written in Standard Pascal) to translate extended 

Pascal to Standard Pascal. Such a processor is truly portable 

and essentially changes the compiler into a two-pass system. 

Our distribution mechar.ism is operating efficiently with 

less than one week turnaround (except for vacations) . 

Karin Bruce and Michele Dowd are doing a good job. I've enclosed 

some of our recently developed material. Karin feels it would be 

more expedient to drop the option of letting the buyer supply the 

tape and incorporate the cost of a tape into the minimum cost. 

I concur with this idea. Do you have an opinion on this change? 

***** 

Sincerely, 

j 

Ge~H. 

Richmond 

":I> 

G) 

rrl 

Vl 

N

~~ @Network Services, Inc. 

175 Jackson Plaza 

Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 

(313) 769-6800 

July 28, 1977 

Mr. Andy r.1ickel 

Editor, Pascal User's Group 

University Computer Center- 

227 Experimental Engineering Bldg. 


Dear 

Andy: 

I thought your readers might like to know that we have an 

interesting PASCAL project in progress and that there are 

PASCAL related positions available here in Ann Arbor. 

ADP Network Services currently operates more than fifteen 

DECSystem-10's on an international cowmunications network 

and we have the need to develop a systems implementation 

language to support language, monitor and other software 

development for DEC-10's and other hardware that may be 

attached to our network as our company grows. PASCAL has 

been chosen as the base for this language. We have embarked 

on a joint project with Al Kortesoja of Manufacturing Data 

Systems Inc., also of Ann Arbor, to develop language and 

70de genera~ion features that will provide us with a general 

~plementat1on language that will generate good code for a 

variety of machines. 

We began ~ith ~he DECSystem-10 compiler developed by H. Nagel 

of the Un1vers1ty of Hamburg and are modifying it to include: 

random 10 facilities; flexible length arrays; constant arrays 

and records; an exception handling facility; functions which 

re~urn arrays, records and sets; and STRING handling. Through 

th1s we have endeavored to maintain the coherence and compile 

time checking capabilities originally designed into PASCAL 

by Professor Wirth. 

We, ADP Network Services and MDSI, have a variety of positions 

open in the areas of PASCAL compiler development, systems 

programming, and applications development using our PASCAL. 

I would be pleased to receive any resumes your readers would 

like to send and would see that they are properly considered 

by !~. Kortesoja and myself. 

Sincerely, 

~~~ 

Manager, Programming Languages 

NJB/kjs 

Dear 

The University 

292024 AVE. N. W. 

CALGARY, CANADA 

T2N 

Andy, 

1N4 

of Calgary 

77-07-29 

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE 

TElEPHONE' (403) 284-6316 

Enclosed is my renewal; if r've missed P.N. #9, would you send 

me a copy? 

I really stand in awe of the job you've done in publishing the 

P.N.; nevertheless, I hereby add to your burden with the following. 

If Pascal is to compete with Fortran, I believe four things are 

needed which I have not seen discussed as a unit in the Pascal Newsletter 

so far; hence, this letter. 

Before I go on, I ~hould point out that all the possibilities 

discussed here can be inserted into the Pascal language without much 

syntactic change. Better still, efficient one-pass compilation of these 

features is still possible, Fortran being a weak demonstration of the 

fact,anotherbeingfound in an M.Sc.thesiswhichdiscussestheseand 

many other interesting possibilities, "Pyxis: A language Evolved from 

Pascal" by E. N. Kittlitz, Department Computer Science, University of 

Calgary, 1977. (The author may be contacted via that department, Calgary, 

Alberta, Canada T2N lN4.) 

First, concerning storage mapping: I join the cry for a variable 

initializationfacility, which in turn implies a certain amount of 

statically allocated storage. 

Second, storage could be explicitly allocated as static either 

in common blocks or as IIprivatell areas for given procedures or fuactions. 

Then one has the possibility of Pascal subroutines that do not use the 

run-time stack and so could be loaded with and called by a Fortran main 

program. A second benefit that I find personally more important is that 

one could then program more modularly, no longer having to use unprotected 

globals to implement the Algol own. 

The flex array facility of Pyxis has merit; for example, it 

costs nothing if you don't use it. The following is a Pyxis program 

fragment which prints the sums of the two 6-element vectors. 

Third, there is the need for flexible array parameters; I don't 

suppose that is debatable any more. Of course, one must distinguish between 

flexible array parameters and "rubber" dynamically-allocatedarrays. It 

strikes me as not in the spirit of Pascal to admit rubber arrays, nor would 

rubber arrays be at all necessary from the view of Pascal as a Fortranreplacement. 

~ Flexvec array [1 to *] of real; 

= 

var A: array [5 !£. 

10] of real; 

B: array [-3 to 2] of real; 

function Sumvec(X: Flexvec): real; 

var I: integer; 

S: real; 

begin S := 0; 

for I := 1 to UPB(X) 

do S .-S+X[I]; 

return S 

end.- 

begin (~initialize values*); 

write (Sumvec (A) , Sumvec(B» 

end 

U1 

I.N

Pyxis also allows one to allocate flex-typed objects of run-timespecified 

size to the heap, and to have a pointer which may reference any 

object of a given flex type, i.e. an object of a type which falls within the 

class of types specified by a flex type declaration. 

The fourth point involves the great format debate, and variant 

records too. I think people are not thinking straight about these issues. 

A text file is not a string, nor a sequence - not even one of indeterminate 

length! It has funny states, e.g. the IInat-opened"state; even an abstract 

model of a file does odd things. In Pyxis, a program interacts with a file 

(which is "outside" the program) via its image (which is a record of status 

informationwith a string acting as a buffer); a string is a fixed-length 

packed array of characters, in the Pascal sense. Thus, format operations 

become type coercions changing various simple data types into short strings 

and vice-versa; the analogy with integer-to-realcoercion is quite good, and 

format operations are no longer the perquisite of the file handling package. 

Of course, not all the foregoing viewpoint fits well with Pascal, 

but some fair amount does, and is worth considering. Assuming a good type 

coercion syntax can be designed, format operations could simply be functions 

which accept or return flexible arrays of characters, and their use in I/O 

becomes natural without being their only use. Further, if you do not use these 

functions, they need not consume space in your load module. 

The tie-in with variant records should be clear. Variant records 

are used for two totally distinct and completely valid reasons. The first 

is that which they were designed for; the second is to pun: One must write 

one'sown "dispose";one needsto dump largeliststructures;and for a myriad 

of other purposes a programmer sometimes needs to get at the bits, do arithmetic 

on pointers and the like. Although these activities are machine dependent 

they are not dirty; because they must be done with great care, they must be 

done in a good language; and because they are so universally necessary, they 

ought to be accommodated in the language in a clear machine-independentway. 

Rather than continuing the abuse of the variant record, let the 

job be done by a syntax designed for the purpose. To this end, I favor the 

common idea of allowing a to be used as a 

such that if its (one)-argument is of a suitable type, a pun is allowed 

or, in certain specified cases, a coercion occurs. A suitable type for 

punning would normally be a type requiring the same storage as that which 

one is "punning it into"; and if the user doesn't know his implementation 

well enough to do what is required, he's still better off with the resulting 

error message than with the current "guess and hope" method required by 

variant records. 

In summary, I hope most for variable initialization, private (own) 

variables, flexible array parameters (but not rubber arrays), and a view of 

type coercion to solve both formatting and variant-recordproblems. 

Killing Fortran was presented as a motivation; more precisely 

I want a strong, viable language so I won't have to reprogram soon. I've 

done a lot of work in Pascal, in part because I hope that with just a 

little more strength of expression Pascal will survive; but I also believe 

that without that strength, it won't. 

SS:tah 

Very truly yours, 

Stephen Soule, 

Assistant Professor 

SPECIAL TOPIC: MICRO/PERSONAL COMPUTERS AND PASCAL 

the following four letters deal with some developments described on page two of the 

EDITDR'S CONTRIBUTION. See also the IMPLEMENTATIONNOTESsection under INTEL 8080, LSI-ll 

Motorola 6800, etc. And also see HERE ANDTHERE News section under Kenneth Bowles, Kurt 

Cockrum, John Collins, Creative Computing, Jack. Crone, Dan Fylstra, Roger Gulbranson, 

C~rl Helmers, Sam Hills, Aron K. Insinga, Barbara I. Karkutt, Ed Keith, Donald Lindsay, 

Tlm L. L~wery, ~ruce Mackenzie, Jim McCord, Carlton Mills, Carol Anne Ogdin, David Segal, 

Bruce Seller, Mlchael Settle, Jeffrey G. Shaw, David H. Welch, and Richard West! 

Andy Mickel, Editor 

Pascal Newsletter 


227 Exp Engr 



104B Oakhurst Circle 

Charlottesville VA 22903 

8 July 1977 

Dear Mr. Mickel: 

(1) I have received a reply from Dean Brown at Zilog about the hypothetical 

Pascal machine. 2110g is not describing the machine to the public at this time--see 

enclosed copy. Perhaps his spontaneous use of the term "Pascal machine!! is a hopeful 

indication however. 

(2) Enclosed please find copies of letters I have sent to Byte, Creative 

Computing, Kilobaud and Personal Computing as my one-man campaign to stamp out BASIC 

and increase Pascal's visibility. 

(3) Since (judging from PN 8) Pascal will soon be available for personal 

computers,it seemsto me thata timelycollectionof Pascalgamesand hobby programs 

might help wean the hobbyists away from BASIC. 1 personally have been writing Pascal 

versionsof StarTrek,Mastermind,LunarLanderand so on. I wouldliketo hear from 

anyone in PUG interested in sharing such programs, and also from anyone who could 

explain to me the copyright laws concerning Pascal translations of copyrighted BASIC 

programs. 

(4) I personally was aghast at the proposal to change variant record usage 

(PN 8-15). I think the language designer's responsibilityto protect the programmer 

from himself stops short of that. Perhaps I have strange tastes, but I like having 

access to individual bits of a word by treating the word as a packed array of boolean. 

I like being able to declare 

var r: record case boolean of false:(x,y,z:integer); 

true:(p:array)..3]of integer) end; 

so that for statements can be used for assignment (for i :~ 1 to 3 do plil:~something) 

yet clum~sy array notation is avoided in other situations, for example: 

write(a[x,y,z]) instead of write(a[p[l], p[2J, p[3J]). 

(5) Could someone in PUG e~lain why Pascal's semicolons make Prof. Sales 

weep? (PN 8-33) 

(6) Congratulationson the Newsletter. 

0;::ta., ~ 

David A. Mundie

SCCSINTERFACE The International Publication of the Box 5429 (213) 396-0048 

Southern California Computer Society Santa Monica, California 

90405 U.S.A 

Dear Andy, 

June 27, 1977 

Thank you for the copy of your newsletter. I will put a "short 

contribution" extolling it in the next issue of Interface. 

As Steve Legenhausen points out on page two of the newsletter, 

BASICis becoming a microcomputer standard. I am very much interested 

in urging our members to consider other languages than BASIC, and would 

like to publish anything which would work to that end. An article such 

as a Pascal tutorial, a critique of BASIC(control structures, data 

types, etc.), a Pascal bibliography, a survey of micro-based Pascal 

activity, or a Pascal subset proposal, would be most valuable for our 

readers. 

If you or any PUGmembers would be up for writing or compiling 

material along these lines, I would love to publish it. Like yours, our 

format is quite flexible, with room for short contributions as well as 

longer articles. 

Sincere ly, 

/~ /L., 

Larry Press 

Editor 

P.S. We have an informal system of coordinators for various topics. 

Would you mind if I were to list you or PUGas coordinator for Pascal? 

t:.~ 

~ ~ "cf'~ 

\..~~"'n"'~ 6- 

\, 

l'I'll 

Aug. 1, 1977 

~ 

Maria Lindsay 

~ 

Coordinator 

C::I 

5150 Anton Dr 

Q;' Room 212 

~ Madison, WI 53719 

r:::: Pascal User's Group 

c/o Andy Mickel 


227 Exp Eng. 

U ,.f (Y\l"'V\e

AUGUST 24, 1977 

PASCAL USERS' GROUP 

attn ANDY MICKEL 

UNIVERSITY COMPUTING CENTER 

227 EXP. ENGR. 

UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA 

MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455 

Deer 

Andy, 

I've received issues 5-8 of the £Ua Newsletter, and am mightil 

with the sheer volume of {largely usable end int~r€sting}meter! al impressed 

you have 

man8ged to compile and publish. 

In reference to my earlier offer to help promote PASCAL, you mentioned 

"pressing our advantage in the microprocessorareal'.through articles and 

letters to such magazines and journals as ~. Dobh'~I~' Personal ~ 

~ cre~tive C~~outin~ etc. While I'~be-grad 00 sw~p these and otherpubhcat 

ons.wi pro- ASCALmaterial, I reRlly can't "press" any ".dvantage" 

because, frankly, we havenone -- et. As of toda I know of no 

reasonably-priced,memory-efficient general r y available imp r' ementation of 

PASCAL {ora decentsubset},in compilerOR interpreterform suitablefor 

use on any of the popular micros, with the dubious exception bf the LSI-11, 

which has itself only become inexpensivelyavailable through the still 

brand-new Heath computer line. 

Having an "advantage" entails for me, two considerations. First. one's 

product or service must be in~erentlY superior to its competition. Secondly, 

it must be availabln and 

lenguage~ perhaps the worthlest ~ ~~. I've yet PASCALcertainlyis encountered Idespite a superior 

its many 

flaws wnich I hope will be truly CORRECTED, and not merely "written 

around"}. However, the availability of a powerful, easy-to-use micro- 

PASCAL remains nil, and so our "advantage" remains merely a tantal1Zin§ 

phantom. For the aver?ge micro-user, PASCAL is, and will remain. "unreal 

until someone comes u~ with an imflementationWhlCh iSt from both aesthetic 

~g~T~~~~ti{~}e~;~~~Eg~~t~il~o~~v~~ag~i~;o;~a~t~~~c~Iv~;.~at~fesco~~~~: a~~ 

order to lureawaythe vastmajorityof satisfiedBASICand FORTRANhack~ 

?nd give thempropercauseto learnand embracea strangenew language.} 

I've been reading about the UCSD PASCAL project, and I'm filled with hope 

that, finally, I will be able to show my dO~~~~~t 

friends and customers 

someohing more than the {often confusing}~ ~ ~. Perhaps 

I willbe able to demonstrate a working complIer or nterpreter; as well as 

the superiorityof PASCALas a programmingtool. The moral victory would 

be even sweeter if I could ~oint to simultaneously_availableIDENTICAL ver. 

sions of the language optimlzed for the LSI 11, ZBO, 8080 and 65021 Any. 

way, until I hear more from La Jolla, the emergence of PASCAL into the 

micro-age is still my pipe dream. 

Regarding media exposure for PASCAL, though, I am all for it, and suggest 

thp formation of a steering or co-ordination committee to manage a media 

~}i~:SS~La~~~~~~~inp~rs~~t ~gm~~~i~~i~~~U~i~~v~on;~ic~~v~g;a~:~ya~~Lj~~ 

ticles popping up la~elY, and suspect that either co-incidence is working 

overtime or an APL blitz committee {formal or informal} has been formed and 

is calling the shots. In eithercase,we'dbetterget somethingtogether 

if we intend to make any dent in the personal computing sector. APL. as 

language, and could very well bury us by 

~~f~~if ~~ ~~ ~~~.£Sw~~;~lo~t~OOd 

Finally,Oin ~ #8 {I think},you expressed interest in getting informa- 

JiM MERRiTT TO: 

~NDY MICKEL/PUG/MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455 

DATE: AUGUST28, 1971 

PAGE 2 of 2 . 

tion concerning the UC Berkeley UNIX PASCAL compiler/interpreter. Enclosed 

is the MANual documentation, which should give you some help. If you need 

more, let me know. 

Have some good times, and good luck with the next Newsletter! I'm looking 

for>rard to it! 

(* Editor's Note: I replied to Jim in a quick letter dated 77/08/31: 

"... My basic problem is time, and the hasty note I scribbled last time 

to you did contain some hazy thoughts. What I meant by 'pressing our 

advantage' was literally that in the 5 years I've been involved with 

Pascal, there were no areas where we had a chance to shine and the doomsayers 

were pretty explicit about us keeping in our place. But because microprocs/ 

personal computers are relatively new, there's a much less powerful 

establishment to overthrow. So relatively speaking Pascal pproc developments 

seemed to me further along than other fronts & that we should concentrate 

energy there (press). Oh well, I should have originally said 'enlarge 

the opening. 

' 

'I agree about the APL problem. It upsets me a great deal. 

"Regarding other fronts, I consider that we haven't and shouldn't yet take 

on COBOL,and that Pascal .vs. FORTRANis the front I've been involved with. 

"Other fronts are of course getting manufacturers just to support Pascal 

processors in their software line, and getting stuck up computer science 

departments to teach the stuff. 

"I appreciate your offer of help and am glad you liked the newsletters. 

"The spirit of PUGso far has been its far-sighted inabil ity to fonn working 

cOlll11ittees - just loose unions 

" *) 

JiM MERRiTT 

POBox 46~~ 

BERkdE~CA 94704 

PhoNE41~-84~-4866

FROM 

THE 

EDITOR'S 

DESK 

Dear 

TO: 

Andy, 

Andy Mickel 

Editor, Pascal Newsletter 


227 Experimental Eng. Bldg. 


September 6, 1977 

Finally getting around to a detailed reading of PUG, Newsletter #8 provides 

me with a theme for an editorial I will put into the December 1977, 

pushing PASCAL as a possible language. I picked up several Springer-Verlag 

books at IFIPS last month and have since spent some time discussing PASCAL 

with my good friend and associate Dan Fylstra. 

I think that PASCAL would make an excellent choice as a successor to 

BASIC in the personal computing world, a thought which is echoed by several 

contributors to PUGN #8. Here are two points about PASCAL Personal Computing 

Use which will no doubt appear in the editorial I am composing this week: 

Like BASIC, PASCAL is an academicly originated language with a 

fairly well defined set of machine independent standards. As such 

it has one major point in its favor: it is not a proprietary product 

confined to anyone organization, and is thus open to the 

general computing public as a standard to be implemented and 

delivered with machines. Thinking of the general public as users 

requires a machine independent (or nearly so) language, and in the 

interests of better software techniques a structured language like 

PASCAL comes to mind. The large amount of activity evidenced by 

PUGN suggests that both the academic training and wide usage which 

were present in BASIC's evolution will also be available with PASCAL. 

As a final point in closing, we (BYTE Publications) are in the process 

of preparing a series of publications initially oriented to systems software 

books characterizedby tutorial documentation of the design, complete 

publication of source code and any necessary intermediates,machine readable 

representationsof the source of object tex~, and other information 

relevant to the process of getting the particular software item running 

in the user's personal system. (Wheremachine dependence is involved, 

we are looking for target machines which are in the following set: 

LSI-ll, 6800, 6502, 8080, 2-80.) 

I would be most interested in talking with readers of PUGN who have 

implementations of PASCAL available for sale which run interpretively, 

semi-interpretively or as compilers. Our standard form of publication 

agreement is an exclusive book and audio record publishing license 

to the software and its machine readable representations. 

tJr}~ 

I'll send a copy of the editorial after it is written. 

Carl T. Helmers 

Editor in Chief 

Byte Publications, Inc. 

When implemented for the personal computing millieu, PASCAL 

should at a minimum level of function offer an interpretive or 

semi-compiled interactive system which is friendly to the user in 

the same way that BASIC is friendly. Fully compiled and optimized 

code generation is not needed in a context where one high speed 

processor is dedicated to each user and his or her files. 

V1 

'-J

SPECIAL TOPIC: PASCAL STANDARDS 

In PascalNewsletter#8, we devoted many pages to a series of letters about standards. 

Amongthe actions described as being taken were: 1) we try to clarify instances of vague 

semantics in the Pascal Revised Report, and 2) Tony Addymanof the University of Manchester 

coordinate an effort to get an ISO standard certified which would amount to a ~ightened up' 

Revised Report with no additions. 

This summer, Tony phoned that: 

1) he had received another list of points requiring clarification from Jim Welsh in Belfast. 

2) he wondered if there would be copyright problems with the current Revised Report already 

published and the proposed standards document. 

3) he was very pleased that the June meeting of a British Standards Institute (BSI) 

committee on programming languages (of which he is a member) authorized a working group 

(headed by himself) for a Pascal standard. This is for the purpose of certifying a 

document as a standard, not to propose additions and changes to the language. 

4) he envisions an appendix to the Report which would both suggest various strategies 

for things left to be defined by an implementation and list conventionalized extensions. 

I sent him a small list of items which included: 

1) Optional ; on last I imb of a case. 

2) Role of the word-symbols: extern, forward, and fortran (all non-standard) but in 

various implementations they are neither predefined, reserved,nor user-declared. 

3) Manygood definitions in the Axiomatic Definition don't appear in the Report. For 

example (brought to my attention by Charles Hedrick): the Report specifies the mod 

operator as the operation: "modulus." But the mathematical meaning of modulus gives 

things like: -3 mod 2 = 1. The Axiomatic Oefinition clearly states -3 mod 2 = -1. 

On 77/08/17 I received a note from PUG memberO. G. Burnett-Hall dated 77/08/10 

which read: "Dear Andy, 

I enclose ~nother Attention List' following Tony Addyman's 

Attention List in Newsletter 8: I've tried to avoid duplicating 

his points (and I've sent him a copy)." ... 

Another Attention List 

6.2.1 

6.2.2 

[1.1 

8.1.2 

(a) Is array [integ~rJ of real legal?? Note that 

::= , and 

:: = .. I .. I. 

(b) 

~ Tl = array [0..9J of array [BooleanJ of integer; 

T2 = 

array [0..9, Boolean] of integer, 

var Al:Tl; A2:T2; 

Are Tl and T2 identical types? (Assuming that "identical 

types"means more than having the same type identifier.) 

Specifically, is it legitimate to write Al [S,trueJ or 

A2[S][trueJ? 

(ct. 0/1-6, p39) 

(a) Field identifiers within a record must be distinct, 

taking all variants of the record into account (UM-7,p46). 

But one identifier can be used simultaneously as a field 

identifier and the identifier of a variable (say) (UM-7,p49). 

(b) Helpfulif lastexampleincludedan empty fieldlist (UM-7, 

p46). (*E.g. include POINT= in type SHAPE: also in 

example at end of R6.3.*) 

(c) Why is the conjulll:tion of ;end 

(i) illegal in the declaration record ... case ...;end , but 

(ii) legal in the statement case iend ?-cR9.2.U) 

(*DEC-I~ compiler rejects it in both instances.*) 

This should include something along the lines of UM-4A(p21) 

(and UM-IO, p63/64) about whether compound Boolean expressions 

are completely evaluated. (*It would change the language 

to say now tha-t they are evaluated only as far as necessary, 

but I wish this had been done. So did the author of 

SKIPBLMJKS (UM-12A,p85) which is only dubiously legal.*) 

(a) 14 div(-3) is not defined anywhere: Is it -4 or -5? 

(b) mod operator is defined (in terms of div) only in 

UM-2B 

(p13). 

D. G. Burnett-Hall 

1977 August 9 

U N I V E R SIT Y 0 F Y 0 R K 

8.1.4 

(In-) Equality operators for sets? (UM-8,pSO). More 

obvious than the set-inclusion operators the Report does 

describe. 

Section 

DEPARTMENT or' 

COMPUTER SCIENCE 

4 (a) Add "programs" to first sentence. 

(b) Is" an illegal constant? (n 

= 0 characters not defined.) 

6.1.1 ~ Tl = (ZERO,ONE); T2 = (ONE,TWO), 

should be illegal because the type of ONE is ambiguous 

(UM-SA,p34) 

6.],2 For Boolean type, better to make clear here that it is ordered 

(false; true) than just a note in 8.1.4. 

6.1. 3 Allows lower = 

upper band for subrange type: UM-SB(p3S) does 

not. (Why?) 

9.1.1 

9.1.2 

Consider also: 

~ R4 = record 

case B : Boolean of 

- 

false: (I:integer); 

true : (R:real) 

end; 

~ 

X,Y,Z:R4; 

("Integerand real quantities need not be the same size.) 

X.B := false; Y.B := falsei Z.B:= true; 

X.I := 1; 

X := y, Y.l := 2, Z.R := 3.4; 

(*Presumably their types are identical*) 

X := Z; ("Legal?? Are their types identical?") 

("Does this imply a run-time check?*) 

UM-llA (p71) says that if 

procedure P (var X,Y:integer); 

is declared, the procedure statement 

P(A,A) 

is illegal("xl .. xn shouldbe distinctvariables II) 

. Why? 

V1 

00

9.1. 3 

9.2.2 

9.2.3.3 

10 

10.1 

10.1. 2 

(a) Doesn'tforbidduplicateuse of one labelin the sameblock! 

(b) procedure Pi 

label 99; 

procedure Q; begin ......i 99: end (*Q*); 

(a) 

(b) 

(c) 

begin (*P*) ; goto 99; ... end (*P*): - 

R.9.1.3.1 

does not require label 99 to be in Q, thus 

contradicting its second sentence. In R9.1.3.2, should 

"procedure" be replaced by "innermost procedure, fW1ction 

or program"? 

All the case labels within one case statement must be 

distinct (UM-402,p3l). 

One of the examples should include a list of case labels. 

A case label cannot be used as the destination of a gato 

statement. (This is implicit, but it would be helpful to 

make it explicit.) In the final example, it is very 

tempting to write: 

1: begi'!. x := x- pi/2; gota 2 end: 

(a) Ncver says that tnv statcment S \'lill not be obeyed 

if el>e2(to) or el

Implementation 

Notes 

G ENE R A L I N FOR MAT ION 

As this is the first issue of Pascal News in this academic year July I, 1977 

30, 1978, let us explain how this section is organized: 

June 

C H E C K LIS T C H E C K LIS T C H E C K LIS T C H E C K LIS T 

1. DISTRIBUTOR/IMPLEMENTOR/MAINTAINER 

(* Names, addresses, phone numbers. *) 

2. MACHINE 

(* Manufacturer,model/series and equivalents. *) 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 

(* operatingsystem,minimumhardware,etc. *) 

4. DISTRIBUTION 

(*cost, magnetic tape formats, etc. *) 

5. DOCUMENTATION 

(* In form of supplement to ~ User ~ and Report? 

Machine retrievable? *) 

6. MAINTENANCE POLICY 

(* How long? Accept bug reports? Future development plans. *) 

7 . STANDARD 

(* Implements full standard? Why not? What is different? *) 

8. MEASUREMENTS 

(* -compilation speed (in characters/sec. please; this is a 

meaningful measurement for compilation speed); 

-compilation space (memory required at compilation time); 

-execution speed; 

-execution space (the memory required at execution time; 

compactness of object code produced by the compiler); 

** 

Try to compare these measurements to the other language 

processors on the machine, e.g., FORTRAN. *) 

9. RELIABILITY 

(* stability of system (poor, moderate, good, excellent); 

how many sites are using it? 

when waS the system first released to these sites? *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD 

(* Compiler or interpreter?DevelopedfromPascal-P / handcoded 

from scratch/bootstrapped/cross-Compiled/etc.?What 

language? Length in source lines? Effort to implement in 

person-months? Previous experience of implementors?*) 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT 

(* Libraries of subprograms available? Facilities for 

external and FORTRAN (or other language) procedures 

available? Easily linked? Separate compilation available? 

Automatic copy of text from library into source program 

available? Symbolic dumps available? *) 

-- First a CHECKLIST to 

maintainers for reporting 

computer systems. 

be used 8S a guide to distributors, implementors and 

the status of Pascal implementations on various 

-- A SOFTWARE TOOLS section describing aids to Pascal users in developing 

applications. 

-- A PORTABLE PASCALs section reporting distribution information about kits used 

to produce Pascal compilers for real computer systems. 

-- Information on PASCAL VARIANTS. 

-- A FEATURE IMPLEMENTATION NOTES section describing implementationstrategies 

and detailsof various Pascal features as suggestions to all the compiler 

implementationefforts underway. 

-- A list of MACHINE DEPENDENT IMPLEMENTATIONSsorted by name of computer system, 

giving news of Pascal compilers for real machines. 

-- And in subsequent issues this year, an INDEX to all the implementation 

informationfor this year. 

We are essentially beginning anew this year and so in this issue we are combining 

summaries hand-compiledfrom PUGN's 5-8 (last year) with the news received since #8. 

IMPLEMENTORS - MAI~TAINERS - DISTRIBUTORS 

Please use the checklist if you are reporting information and please keep us all up 

to date. You might also send us a copy of your documentation and distribution forms as so 

many implementors have done so that we can keep up to date on the overall development of 

Pascal. Please send camera-ready copy, single spaced, and use wide text (we prefer 18.5 em 

lines). We also will accept reports on ASCII paper tape accompanied by a listing. And 

please include PUG All-Purpose Coupons with each copy of your system that you send out! 

USERS 

Please help make us all informed consumers of Standard Pascal systems by reporting 

your quantitative and qualitative experiences with particular implementations. 

EVERYONE 

We would like to thank all the effort put forth by people who have sent in 

information. We regret to say that our ability to answer individual requests is limited 

not only by time, but by the commitment we have first to this section of the newsletter. 

Therefore we prefer to answer inquires throuRh Pascal News. We print all the news that 

comes to our attention barring oversights and mistakes on our part! 

m 

a

SOFTWARE 

TOOLS 

Therehas beenmuch discussionconcerningthe distributionof SoftwareTools written 

in Pascal in PUGN 5-8. Please see the letter by Richard J. Cichelli in the OPEN FORUM 

section this issue. It was our idea that tools should be incorporated with the 

distribution of Pascal implementationsbut even this poses real problems. Starting neKt 

issue we should see news on tools greatly expand. 

Examples of software tools are listed below: 

1. A program to ~ reference identifiers in Pascal programs. 

2. A decompiler to eKamine the object code produced by a Pascal compiler. 

3. A prettyprinter to format and indent Pascal programs. 

4. Performance measurement programs to monitor execution times in 

programs. 

5. A program to chan~e character~ from one to another. 

Pascal 

6. A program to compare ~.~ files and generate a set of modifications to 

convert one to the other. 

7. A ~ editor to alter and record modificationsmade to a source program. 

8. A text formatter used to produce written documentation about software for 

users. 

Believe it or not, right now several different programs exist in categories 1, 4, and 

8, and at least one program eKists in every category eKcept 71 All are written in Pascali 

PORTABLE 

Pascal-Po 

------ 

PASCALS 

The most widely used portable compiler for creating new Pascal Implementationsis 

Pascal-Po Basically Pascal-P is distributed from three points in the form of a kit 

consisting of a magnetic tape and printed documentation. 

Pascal-P is a compiler written in Pascal (almost 4000 lines) which generates symbolic 

code for a hypothetical stack machine called a IIP-machineu because it is somewhat of an 

ideal architecture for Pascal-Po The symbolic code is thus called P-code. 

On the magnetic tape are teKtfiles containing: 

a sample character set collating sequence. This file is also distributed as a listing to 

simplify character set conversion. 

the Pascal-P compiler in Pascal. 

a P-code assembler/interpreter written in Pascal which is intended to document how to 

write an interpreter in an existing language on the target computer system. 

a Pascal-P compiler in P-code. In other words, the result 'of compiling the Pascal-P 

compiler on itself. 

Implementation Notes 

The person implementingPascal has several choices. If there is no access to a 

working Pascal compiler on another machine, the implementororders a Pascal-P kit already 

configured to the target machine. Configured compilers have constants inserted in them to 

specify, for eKample, the size of each simple data type. These configurationparameters 

are given by the implementoron the Pascal-P order form. (See below.) 

After receiving the kit, the implementorcan write an interpreter for P-code in 

another language (usually takes about one person-month),and thus immediatelyhas access 

to a Pascal compiler running interpretivelyby using the P-code version of the compiler 

included in the kit. 

To produce a real Pascal compiler for the target machine then requires editing of the 

Pascal-P compiler written in Pascal to produce code for the target machine (instead of the 

P-machine). After recompiling, a Pascal compiler eKists in the code of the target machine. 

If the implementor initially has access to a working Pascal compiler on another 

machine, the step of writing a P-code interpretercan be omitted. 

Facts about the Pascal-P compiler: 

The current version is called Pascal-P4 and is distributed with a copy of Pascal-P3 

(which is of interest to previous recipients of Pascal-P2). 

Pascal-P4 represents a major improvement over earlier Pascal-P versions because it 

removes data type alignment restrictions, is more efficient, includes runtime tests, and 

is a more complete implementation of Pascal. 

Pascal-P2 was developed from a phase in the stepwise refinement of Urs Ammann's 

Pascal-6000 compiler in 1974 by K. V. Nori, Urs Ammann, K. Jensen, and H. H. Nageli. 

Subsequent improvements were done by Christian Jacobi. 

Reliability of Pascal-P4 has been fairly good. As of Spring, 1977, it was distributed to 

106 sites by George Richmond and to 37 sites by Chris Jacobi. (No distribution data has 

been received from Carroll Morgan.) 

Several good reports on the viability of Pascal-P were reported in PUGN #8 as well as 

two more in this issue: Ted Park for a Data Ceneral Nova and John C. Knight for a CDC 

Star-lOO. 

The is no promise of maintenance for Pascal-P. P4 is the final version produced at 

Zuerich. We at ~ News will attempt to print bug corrections in future issues in 

this section. 

Documentation for Pascal-P4 consists of a 65 page report entitled The Pascal ~ 

Compiler: ImplementstionNotes (Revised Edition) July, 1976. (A 24 page correction list 

to the original December, 1974, edition is also available.) 

Pascal-P4 is a significant subset of Standard Pascal. Restrictions to the standard 

include: 

procedure and function formal parameters are not allowed. 

files are not implemented. 

Roto's may not exit procedures or functions. 

a (rather small) maKimum string constant length is imposed. 

the sub range form of ~ constants is not implemented. 

nil is not a reserved word, but rather is predeclared. 

many standard procedures and functions are not fully implemented. 

~ and ~ are not predeclared by the compiler. 

Pascal-P can be ordered from three places (write for prices and order forms). 

In Europe, Asia, and Africa, order from: Christian Jacobi 

Institut fuer Informatik 

E.T.H. Zentrum 

CH-8092 Zuerich 

Switzerland 

Phone: 41/1-32 62 11 x2217

In North and South America, order from: George H. Richmond 

Computing Center: 3645 Marine Street 

University of Colorado 

Boulder, CO 80309 

USA 

Phone: 303/492-8131 

In Australasia order from: Carroll Morgan 

Basser Dept. of Computer Science 

University of Sydney 

Sydney, NSW 2006 

Australia 

Phone: 629 1122 

(* We at PUGN would appreciate new ordering informationbe sent to us by these 

three distributorsfor inclusion in Pascal News #11. We would also appreciate 

some sort of coordination on a common order form for these three 

distributors.*) 

Pascal Trunk Compiler 

--------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. H. H. Nageli, 

ETH-Zentrum, CH-8092 Zuerich, Switzerland (Tel. 32 62 11). 

Institut 

fuer 

Informatik, 

2. MACHINE. The trunk compiler is the machine independentpart (e.g., syntax analysis and 

error recovery)of a Pascal compiler in which the code generation has to be inserted in a 

certain number of empty procedures. 

3, SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.Requires a working Pascal compiler. 

4. DISTRIBUTION. Magnetic tape. Cost: SFr. 50.--. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. In German, available in May, 1977 (77/3/3), Detailed comments in the 

source describe how an implementor can write algorithms for the machine dependent parts. 

6, MAINTENANCE.Not defined yet. 

7. STANDARD. Full Pascal is treated. 

8. MEASUREMENTS.Not applicable. 

9. RELIABILITY. Moderate (77/3/3). The Trunk was used with good results in 1975-76 by 

Teruo Hikita in producing a high quality Psscal compiler for the Hitachi 8000 series. 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Started in 1975 from a phase in the stepwise refinement of Urs 

Ammann's Pascal-6000 compiler. The Trunk is a 5800 (indented)line Pascal source program 

in which the machine dependent parts are clearly marked and separated from the machine 

independentparts. 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. Not applicable. 

Departement Informatique de l'INPL, Ecole des Mines, Parc de Saurupt, F-54042 Nancy Cedex, 

France. In this case, the compiler operates in two passes; the first pass can be 

parameterized and the second pass can be rewritten to generate code for different 

machines. This effort is explicitly oriented toward 16-bit machines. So far as we know, no 

other implementations have been developed from the initial compiler. See SEMS T1600 in the 

Machine Dependent Implementations section. 

Pascal J 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.B. W. Pavenel, C. B. Mason, Software Engineering 

Group, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA 

(303/492-7204) . 

2. MACHINE. Pascal-J is a compiler which translates Pascal to the intermediate language 

Janus, a totally portable "mobile programming system" -- even to the point of defining its 

own character set! Janus in turn is macro-processedvia Stage2 which is implemented in 

standard Fortran. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.ANSI Standard 1966 Fortran IV compiler. Specify character set: 

(a) ASCII (full 96, or 64 character subset), (b) EBCDIC, (c) CDC display code, or (d) 

other character sets if detailed collating sequence is sent. 

4, DISTRIBUTION. 7-track magnetic tape (1200 ft. reel) $28.00 (0.8 kg); 9-track magnetic 

tape (1200 ft. reel) $39.00 (0.8 kg). Subtract $7.00 if you supply a 1200 ft. reel. Longer 

reels are accepted, but more postage is charged. Overseas orders must add cost of postage 

and specify type of shipping. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. (a) SEG-76-1 "A Preliminary Definition of Janus" $4.00 (180 grams); (b) 

SEG-76-2 "PASCALJ Implementation Notes" $2.00 (60 grams); (c) SEG-76-1 (*-3?*) "Janus 

Memory Mapping: The Jl Abstraction" $2.25 (60 grams). 

6. MAINTENANCE. Every six months (Februaryand September) a new release is planned, but 

this is subject to manpower constraints.Attempt to fix all reported bugs. 

7. STANDARD. (* no information - presumably full Pascal *) 

8. MEASUREMENTS.As an interpreter,very slow, but the intent is to do a full bootstrap 

to a real compiler. 

9. RELIABILITY. Moderate, improving with each release (Sept. 1975, Feb. 1976, Sept. 1976, 

Sept. 1977). As of February, 1977, the portabilityof the September 1976 release is deemed 

inadequate with implementationtimes ranging upwards from six.person months. 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Compiler originally written in Pascal to generate Janus, and used 

to translateitselfto Janus.Janus processorwrittenin Stage2macrosas an LL(l) system. 

the set of macros consists of stack operations and indexing in terms of a single 

accumulator and simple index register. A set of macros for multi-registermachines is 

being implemented.The Stage2 macro-processor is implementedin Fortran. 

Some other machine-dependentcompilers are written in such a way that they might be 11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. Not applicable. 

useful as Trunk compilers.Take for example, the current ICL 1900 compiler written by Jim 

Welsh, Colum Quinn, and Kathleen McShane at the Computer Science Department, Queen's 

University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, 8T7 INN, United Kingdom. The syntax analysis is 

clearly separated from the code generation in this compiler, which is written in Pascal. 

See ICL 1900 under Machine Dependent Implementations. 

Another possible Trunk-like compiler is that implemented by Alain Tisserant,

PASCAL 

VARIANTS 

Paacal-S 

A descriptionof Pascal-S comes from the abstract in the report "Pascal-S: A Subset 

and its Implementation",by NiklausWirth,InstitutfuerInformatik,ETII Zuerich,June, 

1975. (Availablefor $&.50fromGeorgeRichmond;see addressunderPascal-P.) 

"Pascal-S is s subset of the programming language Pascal selected for 

introductory programming courses. This report describes an implementationthat 

is especially designed to provide comprehensive and transparent error 

diagnostics and economical service for large numbers of small jobs. The system 

consists of a compiler and an interpreter and is defined as a single, 

self-contsined Psscal program. This machine-independent formulation in a 

high-level language facilitates its constructionand is a prerequisite for easy 

portability. 

" 

Standard Pascal constructs omitted from Pascal-S are: scalar and subrange types, 

pointers, set and file types, with and goto statements, the passing of procedures and 

functions as parameters, and several standard procedures.The only file operations are 

read on input and write on output. The report contains a complete listing of the compiler 

and interpreteron 34 pages! 

Pascal-S is currently distributed on tape with the second release of the CDC-&OOO 

Pascal compiler from Zuerich, Colorado, and Sydney. Pascal-S was implementedin PL/I under 

Honeywell Multics by the Computer Science Department, University of Southwestern 

Louisiana, P.O.Box 4-4330, Lafayette, LA 70504 (318/234-7&40). 

O. Lecarme reported on 77/03/04 that Helmut Sandmayr, Neu-Technikum,CH-9470 Buchs, 

Switzerland (085/& 45 24), has implementeda Pascal-S compiler (not interpreter) for the 

IBM 1130. 

Rich Cichelli reports (77/08/31) that an incrementalinteractive (conversational) 

Pascal-S compiler was implementedat Lehigh University which is smart enough only to 

recompile the subprograms in which changes are made. 

Concurrent 

----- 

Pascal 

A portable pair of Pascal compilers was implemented by Per 8rinch Hansen and Al 

Hartmann at Cal Tech in 1974-1975 for the POP 11/45. The system consists of a "Sequential 

Pascal" compiler, a "Concurrent Pascal" compiler (used for writing operating systems and 

other concurrent prograllS), and a -'kernel" or machine dependent set of run time routines 

written in assembler. The project at Cal Tech centered around writing a one-user operating 

system called SOLO in Concurrent Pascal. Both compilers are written in Sequential Pascal. 

In 1975-197& the system was distributed widely (252 sites) and led to the development 

of a machine independent version with a different kernel. 

As reported in PUGN 1&, distributionof Concurrent Pascal was terminated in August, 

197&, when Per left Cal Tech to join the University of Southern California. On 77/07/12, 

Per phoned to say that distribution may resume and arrangements are being made. Details 

may be available for Pascal News Ill. 

Plans are to write a simpler kernel and I/O drivers. This may take & months. 

Publications about Concurrent Pascal include: 

(2) A guest editorial and four articles by Brinch Hansen in the April-June, 197&, 

issue of Software - Practice and Exp~rience &, pp 139-205. The articles are 

entitled: 

"The Solo Operating System: A Concurrent Program" 

(3) 

(4) 

(5) 

(&) 

Modula 

"The Solo Operating System: Job Interface" 

"The Solo Operating System: Procedures, Monitors, andClasses" 

"Disk Scheduling at Compile Time" 

The book OperatinR Systems Principles by Per Brinch Hansen, Prentice Hall, 1973. 

An article "Experiencewith Modular Concurrent Programming"in the March, 1977, 

IEEE Transactions£n Software EnRineerinR 3:2, by Brinch Hansen. 

A Concurrent~ Compiler for Minicomputersby Al Hartmann, Springer-Verlag: 

~ Notes in Computer Science, Volume 50, 1977. 

The new book The Architecture of Concurrent ProRrams by Brinch Hansen, 

Prentice-Hall,1977. - 

Modula is a small language for dedicated computer systems and process control 

applicationson smallmachines,developedby NiklausWirthand co-workersin 1975-7&. It 

is conceptually cleaner than Concurrent Pascal in many respects. Modula is still 

experimental and the implementorsin Zurich have insisted there are no distribution 

arrangements. (* We are hearing rumors of implementation efforts outside of Zurich 

though. *) 

Published material on Modula includes: 

(1) "Modula:A LanguageforModular Multiprogramming", Software Practice and 

Experience 7 (1977), pages 3-35, by Niklaus Wirth. 

(2) "The Use of Modula", same as (1), pages 37-&5, by Niklaus Wirth. 

(3) "Design and Implementation of Modu,la" same as (1), pages &7-84, by Niklaus 

Wirth. 

(4) "Toward a Discipline of Real-Time Programming", COllllIRlnicationsof the ~ 20:8 

(August, 1977), pages 577-583, by Niklaus Wirth. 

The following is the Abstract from reference (4), above: 

"Programming is divided into three major categories with increasing 

complexity of reasoning in program validation: sequential programming, 

multiprogramming, and real-time programming. By adhering to a strict 

programaming discipline and by using a suitable high-level language molded after 

this discipline, the complexity of reasoning about concurrency and execution 

time constraintsmay be drastically reduced. This may be the only practical way 

to make real-timesystems analyticallyverifiableand ultimatelyreliable.A 

possible discipline is outlined and expressed in terms of the language Modula." 

Copyright (c) 1977, Association for Computing Machinery, Inc. 

Reprinting privileges granted by permission of the ACM. 

(1) "The programming language Concurrent Pascal", in the June, 

Transactions on Software EnRineerinR 1:2, by Brinch Hansen. 

1975,

FEATURE IMPLEMENTATION NOTES 

PORTAB I L I TV NOTE 

Introduction 

SET Of Ci U\R 

1977 February 17 

I have recently been examining a number of PASCAL programs that are 

thought by their authors to be highly portable. It rapidly became 

obvious thatit is not reaIized by the PASCAL community just how 

many problems are caused by the different character sets used on 

the computers \"ie have ava i 1ab 1e, nor holt'l th is prob 1em is compounded 

by the 

~ 

type in PASCAL. Thi s note sets out to make the problems 

more widely known, and to make recommendationsto implementors and 

programmers. 

Character set collating order 

There are two very common character sets in the computing industry: 

EBCO IC (adopted by IBM, Burroughs and I CL 2900 range), and ASCII (adopted 

by a number of other mainframe suppliers, and most minis), together with 

a few manufacturers who use their own idiosyncraticcharacter sets 

(the key example being COC). In this lot, we can assume nothing 

about the collating order except that the alphabets collate in ascending 

order; that the digits col late in ascending order and have successive 

ORO values; and that the lower-case alphabet collates either lower or 

higher than the entire upper-case alphabet (if it exists). Practically 

every other variant of ordering occurs. 

This has always been a severe problem to programmers attempting to write 

portable software, and the advice that can be given only alleviates the 

problem: it cannot solve it. 

ReeormneYldati.oYl 1 : to PASCAL -impf.emef'lx:olL6 

AU PASCAL eompJ.J.eM ~hcuf.d be abf.e to haYldf.e objern o£ 

tlfpe ehM M .{.Yt:teJtnaUy Jteplluel'u:ed w e.,U!teJt x:1,e ASCII OJt .the 

EBCVIC eodu, aYld pIle£eJtabf.lf both. It may be Yleeu~MY to 

duvrnu.Yle :the ehM Jtephuenwuon. blf a eom~eJt OpUOyl. 

Available 

Rc.co":me;~dcvu' and' are quite highly probable, but 

Itl, 1=1, I{I 

are extremely unlikely). The point of this is mainly 

felt when designing a language or sub-language or a reply system. An 

inappropriate choice of character may mean that there is no suitable 

alternative in another system, and doublet symbols will have to be used 

(as for example happened with the { } and (* *) in PASCAL 

itself). 

The second majordeficiencyin awareness occurs in respect of the 

lower-case alphabet. 

Programmers, through long conditioning, are 

very proficient at reading solid upper-cased text. 

The general 

populace are not, and even programmers read normal text fasterand 

more accurately than the upper-case we normally print. 

It is thus 

regrettable that many programs are written so as to totally ignore the 

existenceof lower-case. Programmersshould make provision for 

systems that can read and print lower-case alphabets to use them, even 

if their system cannot, by simply providing the hooks and commentary. 

ReeommeYlda-UoYl 3 : to PASCAL pJtogJtamm~_ 

I 

Be aLiJa/Leo£ :the u~ent;'af. d.e6£eJtelleu be;tweeYl :the ~fU:abf.e 

gJtaplUM (and.{.11 40me

The set of char 

The PASCAL set construct looks at first sight as to be heaven-sent to 

enable pro9;ammers to write code which is independentof character 

set collating order. The ~ operator allows testing a character for 

membership in a set, rather than having to do relational comparisons. 

~et tempo,~a!l-ie,~, -i-6 the wotr~-i-ze ~ tno Matt. I6 neccU~MY, 

Alas, this is an illusion. Though conceptually the set construct is idea I, 

taKge ~e:ts may ttu;tJUded tn the ~-i-ngte c.Me 06 '~e:t o6dtM'. 

and it is excel lent for writing such constructsfor sets of more 

limited size, it falls down badly when it comes to a set of char. 

-- 

Rec.ommenda:t-ton6 to PASCAL pttogttamm~~ 

The problem arises because sets are I imited in most PASCAL systems to 

That dupae ill ab~:tJr.ad atttta~ve"~s~, pttogttammeM do /wt 

being contained in one or two machine words. Consequently, the size 

wttJJ:e code that c.on:tu~ a ~e.t 06 dwrc aJllj'ol'heJte -i-n JJ:. 

of the set is too small to contain all objects of type char in all the 

systems I have been able to see. The magnitude of the gap varies, and 

as PASCAL 6000 comes close to meet ing the requi rements for a set of char, 

PASCAL 6000 programmers assume it to be available on all computers. 

To illustrate this, let me give the data I have on the set size 

and on the character set size for various implementations. I regret 

not knovling any implementation that has a true set of char, but probably 

one exists. lid welcome any data on other ililplementations giving the 

character set and details as given here. A I ternat i ves 

[------ 

CaMP i LER SET SIZE CHAR SET 

R 

-'~DC.;:'~~AL"~OO;."-f 

-;~'19;;;--_u 

59 

.-..- .-.----...-- 

= -= 

63 (COC special) 

--=:Ji6 

!? 

ICL 2900 

I 

48 64 (mod i f i ed ASC II) ! 

Burroughs B6700 48 256 (EBCDIC) 

(anysize 

planned) 

128 (ASC II) 

The end-effect of this is that set of char is unreliable in COC machines 

and virtually not available in other computers. Consequently programs 

which use this construct are highly unportable. Since the construct 

(if used) is likely be be used in ~any places around the program, it then 

causes considerable difficulty in rewriting the program. 

. 

Re.c.ommel1da:t-tort4 : :to PASCAL -imptvneJ1:'o ~ 

A ~et 06 c.ha!L ~houtd g-i-ve a ccomp-i-te-C"JtofL wU:u~ the whote 06 

the c.I1O)[(ldeJt ,set c.an p~upa:te M n:vnb~ 06 the ~e:t. 

ReccolilmendiU-ton5 : to PASCAL -impteme/L:to,\"~ 

I 6 pOM-i-bte, mptemel'LtcV.A.oJ1.O~ho[,[td pUJ1a a mawnum ~ e:t ~,tze 

wh-icJt w,U,f accccommodate att cchMadvvs -i-n the cchMadeJt ~ et. 

The mun p,tobt~ c.eJ1:Vte Mound ~et ope,tatoM, and the cJtea:t-ton 

It might be remarked that there are some programs which are double 

offenders in the portability stakes; those which gaily use the subrange 

constiuct in a set: Thus: 

if ch in [' +' .. ';'] then 

Having suggested that the set of char is at present a very poor type 

to use in a PASCAL program, I ought to indicate some alternatives. 

While these may lose somewhat in efficiency, it must be borne in mind 

that portability always has its penalties, and also that efficiency in 

speed usually only matters in a fevJ critJcal parts of a program. 

The first obvious alternative is to replace each ~ 

test (the most usual 

construct) by a boolean function. The machine-dependencies (if they 

exist) are then confined to a few places which may be well documented, and 

are easy to change. An alert programmer might even supply alternatives 

specialized for a particular co~puter (I ike the interchangeable camera 

I ens ma rked . 

The second alternative is to exa~ine the uses the construct is put to and 

see whether or not the requirement is to classify the character into 

one of a sma]l number of classes (for exar.;ple: aJphabetic, digit, operator, 

etc). The desired effect ~ay then be achieved by either a function that 

returns the scalar type value corresponding to the character, or an 

array might be set up to give the class \-!hen indexed by a char. Regrettably, 

PASCAL does not allow the setting up of read-only arrays. and this wil I 

have to be done in a machine-dependent initial ization routine. 

--0 

:J;> 

(/) 

n 

:J;> 

r 

06 :z 

rr1 

:E: 

(/) 

'1'1: 

Examples: 

begin 

end. 

Set 

~ 

aharaZass (aZphabetia, numeria, operator, po-Lnt, other); 

I i!PlEt1Et1TAT I on NOTE 1977 February 16 

Val' BURROUGHSB6700 Pt,so\L: THE FOR STAmBJT :z 

aZassveator : array[aharJ 

rTl 

'2f aharaZass; 

::e:: 

funation 

Introduction 

(/) 

aZassify(ah:ahar} 

'2f ah~raZass; 

This note describes the implementation of the for statement of PASCAL 

begin 

in the compiler for the B6700/B7700 computers, as developed at the 

aase ah £i 

University of Tasm~nia. 

'A'.J 'B', 'C'.J IID'.J {laziness} 

aZassify:=aZphabetia; 

'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9': 

aZassify:=numeria; 

'+', '-'.J '*', '1': 

aZassify:=operator; 

'. ': 

aZassify:=point; 

eZse: {non-standard PASCAL} 

aZassify:=other 

{ of aase } 

!!!!:1; 

end; { of aZassify } 

if aZassify (nextahar) = nU7Ieria then.... 

whiZe aZassveator[nextaharJ in [aZphabetia,nU71eriaJ do 

size 

The related question of what set size can be reliably assumed to be 

available is very difficult to answer. would assume that 32 bits 

would be safe enough for large/medium computers (the usual word sizes 

being 32, 36, 48 & 60 bits), but mini-computers pose more of a problem. 

Diffidently, I suggest that 32 bits be regarded as the minimum set 

size limit for a compiler to be considered as implementing a compatible 

PASCAL. Most minis can do this with a double-word. Sets larger than 

this should be clearly marked in the commentary of a supposedly 

portable 

Arthur 

program. 

Sale 

Professor of Information Science ;/ ,() 

( 

University of Tasmania ~ 

(Burroughs B6700 implementor) 

~ 

Defining 

standards 

The for statement is syntactically described 

(section 9), but its semantic description in 

is plainly wrong, and in fact not compatible 

in the UserManual since it does not address 

in the Revised Report 

the Report 

( section 9.2.3.3) 

with the further explanations 

several problem areas. 

The PASCAL User Manual on p 24 adds ~ore explanation, but in a loose 

discursive fashion which leaves many things unclear. Subsequently, 

on p25, a more exact definition is given in terms of equivalent PASCAL, 

which is the clearest of the lot. This definition will be taken as 

the important one. 

To quote a critical section: 

Side-effects 

"A 

for statement of the form: 

....... 

point, v is undefined }" 

fEE. v:=el to e2 do S 

{ at this 

is equivaZent to the sequence of statements: 

l.D 

...... 

if el

Undefinition 

The definition (and the preceding paragraph) state that after the 

execution of a ~ statement (provided the statement is not left by a 

goto) the value of the control variable is undefined. The primary 

purpose of this undefinition is to allow implementors freedom to 

implementhe loopefficiently.PASCAL 

programmershouldnot therefore 

presume any particular value in the control variable after it has been 

used in a for statement. 

Of particularly nasty characteristics are the 

compilers which may leave it set at succ(e2), since this may be 

out-of-range of its type. 

In the Burroughs B6700/B7700 computers, it is easy to prevent programmers 

from doing any computation with this variable until it has been re-defined 

by setting it to a tag-six word (uninitializedoperand). 

This value can 

be overwritten by a legal value, but causes a machine interrupt if the 

variable is used in an operator context. This is done for all for 

statementsin B6700/B7700PASCAL, and the illegaluse of the variable 

cannot therefore be permitted. 

It should also be pointed out that the definition of a for statement 

allows the control variable to be undefined whether or not the body 

of the loopis everentered. B6700PASCAL treatsboth casesthe same, 

unlike some other compilers which take advantage of the implementation 

freedom to leave the control variable unchanged, or at el, if the 

loop body is never entered. 

Internal change to the control variable 

The User Manual, on p24, explicitly forbids the alteration of the 

control variable by any statement in the body of the loop. 

constructs are hard to detect as they may occur in the body of a 

procedure or function. 

Such illegal 

On the B6700 computer it is possible to detect 

this occurrence at run-time wi th a small ti"me penal tv, under some 

circumstances. 

is made to the PASCALERROR 

routine to kill the program. 

The detection facility is not available if the loop is a DOWNTO loop, 

or if it cannot be simply optimized. 

Summary 

In thiscase,and others,the 86700/87700PASCAL 

adherence to standard PASCAL. 

negligible time penalty. 

compilerenforcesstrict 

Hardware checks make this possible with 

Programs written in B6700 PASCAL therefore 

have a higher probability of being portable in this respect than would 

be the case formany otherPASCAL compilers. There is one unfortunate 

effect,however: non-standardPASCAL programsare less likelyto execute 

in B6700PASCAL 

Implementorsof PASCAL 

sinceit is sucha searchingtest. 

questions about their compilers. 

are invitedto sendme answersto the following 

The invitation is also extended to 

users as implementors are notoriously unreliable correspondents. 

1. In what order are el, e2, and the assignment of v carried out? 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

Does this differ with the form of the loop? 

What value is left in v if the loop is never entered? 

What value is left in v if the loop is entered? 

What happens if the control variable is altered (or a 

1imit-variable) 

(a) from a piece of code compiled in the body, and 

(b) 

from a procedure called in the body? 

Are there different (optimized)forms of for-statement? 

How do they differ? 

6. Are there any limits on the number of repetitions or size 

of the limit-expressions? 

If code-templates could be attached (with explanations) this might be 

useful too. 

If sufficient information is received, it may be possible 

to prepare a summary for PUGN. 

If the loop is capable of being optimized to use the STEP-INDEX facility 

(which implies that el and e2 are in the range 0..65535, and the loop is 

a TO-loop), then a STEP-IIJDEX-WORD(SIW) is stored in the control 

variable v. Al I read-accessesof v return the (integer)value of v, 

without the final or increment fields, but write-accesses destroy the 

tag field. Thus when the loop incrementationpoint is reached, the 

STBR instruction causes abnormal termination of the loop, and a call 

Arthur Sale 

Professor Information Science 


(Burroughs 86700 implementor)

I 

i 

! 

' 

TL: 

APPEtiD 

Ix 

86700 'FOR' STATEMENT CODE TEt1PLATES 

CASE} (unoptimized) CASE 2 (unoptimized, but was 

a potentia! case for optimization) 

el 

e2 

NA/'1CCTEt~P) 

STOD 

t~ 

NAMC(V) 

STON 

VALC(TE~IP) 

LSEQ 

BRFL(EL) 

1 

body 

, ONE 

L 

EL: 

VALC(V) 

:C(V) 

STON 

BRUN(TL) 

ZERO 

LT8(6) 

STAG 

NAMC(V) 

STOD 

e2 

r-w1cCTEMP) 

STOD 

LIT(el) 

I 

(* store into V, but leave on TOS *) 

("'GREQ if DO\.;NTO loop"') 

(*test whether to exit the loop*) 

(* increment "') (* SU8T if DOWNTO loop *) 

(* store, but leave on TOS *) 

(* go do the test again *) 

(* now got a tag-six word on TOS *) 

(* into the control variable *) 

TL: 

EL: 

APPEtiDIX 

(continued) 

CASE 3 (constant bounds) CASE 4 (first bound constant, 

LIT(1/e2/el) 

II 

! i 

! jI! 

t 

LT8(4) 

STAG 

NAI.1C 

STOD 

('I) 

body 

NiIJ'1C(V) 

STBR(EL) 

BRTR(TL) 

MKST 

NAl1C(PASCALERROR) 

LT8(4) 

ENTR 

ZERO 

LT8 (6) 

STAG 

N~C(V) 

STOD 

secor.d capable of optimization) 

e2 

DUPL 

LlT(el) 

LESS 

BRTR(EL) 

LIT(el) 

EXCH 

INSRC35: 16) 

Of,E 

INSR(47: 12) 

I 

(* store the SIW into V *) 

(* increment, store, and test *) 

(* branches unless SIW overwritten *) 

(* causes pascalerr(4) *) 

(* undefine the control variable *)

NOTE TO PUGN temp1 :=e1; 

INTERIM REPORT - IMPLEMENTATION OF FOR-STATEMENT - 1 

The note gives some comparative details on the implementation of forstatements 

in two PASCAL compilers. As more information becomes available, 

it will be added to the list. See my earlier comments in a 

Note to PUGN on the Burroughs B6700 implementation. 

temp2:=2; 

v:=templj 

whi 1e v ~ . 'cmp2 do beg i n 

s; 

v:=v+l ; 

~~; 

v:=invalidtagsixvalue; 

:z 

f"Tl 

:::e: 

C/) 

BAS I C TEMP LATE The answers are again: 

for v:=e1 to e2 do s; 

PASCAL-6000.(CDC Cyber range) 

The implementation produces code which is equivalent to the following: 

(i) as for PASCAL-6000. 

(i i) + (i i i) In al I cases the exit value of v is a special word 

which cannot be util ized as a value, but can be overwritten 

with a proper value. 

~ 

temp1 

temp2 

a register; 

a temporary stack 1ocation; 

temp1 :=e1 ; 

temp2:=e2; 

while tempI ~ temp2 do begin 

v:=templ ; 

s; IMPLEMENTATION NOTE 1977 February 17 

temp1:= v+1; 

end; B6700/B7700 mSUL ELSE Hi Cl1SE 

The consequences of this code on the precise action of the loop with 

the three questions I posed are: 

(i) the two expressions are computed before an assignment, so that 

v:=l; for v:=v+l to v+l0 do 5; 

will count from 2 to 11. 

(i i) The exit value of v if the loop is never entered is its value 

before the loop is reached. 

(iii) The exit value of v is e2 if the loop is ever traversed. 

In addition, alterations of v from within the body of the loop do in 

fact alter the progress of counting, if they can be achieved. 

PASCAL for Burroughs B6700/B7700 (Tasmania) 

More details are given in the Note mentioned before. The code is 

generally equivalent to: 

~ 

temp1 a temporary stack location; 

temp2 a temporary stack location; 

Introduction 

t1any PASCAL implementations are in'serting an ELSE clause in the CASE statement 

of PASCAL. This note puts the cases for and against, and proposes a 

pseudo-standard for any such implementations so that maximum compatibility 

between PASCAL compilers can be achieved. 

Against 

The case against having an ELSE clause in"a ~ statement is that it 

encourages a programmer to use the clause through laziness simply to save 

writing a long 1 ist of alternatives. Thus when an unexpected value of 

the case expression occurs, it is processed erroneously by the ELSE clause, 

rather than being one of the 'undefined' areas of PASCAL. The arguments 

here rest on implementors choosing to detect values of the case expression 

which do not match any label, and choosing to make such occurrences definite 

run-time errors. Such an interpretation is not mandatory.

~ 

The arguments for an ELSE clause are regularity, and robustness. The regula 

argument comes from (i) examination of languages of similar age and uti lity, 

in most of which the feature appears, (ii) the analogy with If-then-else 

which may be viewed as a special version of ~, and (iii) actual thought 

habits of good programmers. 

The robustness argument derives from the need to be able to write programs 

which are robust against all input, and all circumstances, and from the 

difficulty of handl ing all caSe statements without error. Long lists 

of labels are error-prone, and sometimes inappropriate. If the intention 

is that ~ values other than a specified few are to be similarly treated, 

then it ought to be possible to specify this. 

The B6700 implementation 

The implementation of PASCAL for the Burroughs B6700/B7700 computers develo~ 

at the University of Tasmania contains such an ELSE faci! ity. The semantic 

features of this implementation are suggested as a pseudo-standard for PASCAL 

implementors who also agree that this is a necessary feature. 

A case without eJse 

if no else appears in a ~statement, the B6700 implementation will 

raise a run-tim errorevent,and terminate the program,if the case 

expression evaluates so as to match no case 

Reeommend~on 1 

label. 

Tha-t CLU mp.temen:ta4ono 06 PASCAL ltegMd .the above M .the 

pJte6VVted oema~eJ.J 06 .tIUiJ o.uu~on MMing in a eMe 

o.ta-temen.t . 

A case with else, 

if an ~ clause appears in a ~ statement, then the B6700 implementation 

transfers control to the else clause for all values of the case expression 

which do not match an explicit case label. In all other respects an else 

clause behaves as a labelled clause. 

Syntax of else-clause 

In the B6700 implementation, an ELSE can appear wherever a case-label can, 

except that there can be at most one in any caSe statement. Thus an ELSE 

may appear in a case-label list, though it is difficult to see why this 

would be done. This syntax is very easy to accommodate, and requires 

minimal changes to the CASESTATEMENTroutine in PASCAL-p4. There are no 

other syntactic changes. 

Recommend~on 3 

16 an mptemen.ta:Uon adop.tJ.J an ELSE-c.talv>e, .then .the above 

6Yn.tax ohoutd be JtegMded M 6.tandMd. Modi6,[ed 6lJI1.tax diagltC11n6 

Me a.t.tached. 

Sty] istics 

The preferred style for a case statement containing an else c1ause has the 

else clause last, following all labelled clauses. 

Example of case with else 

thing := arithmeticoperator; 

'. 

' ~ [ 

' 1"", ' '" '] , 

: 

thing 

.- variableevalvntor; 

thing. - separator; 

Arthur Sale 

else: 

Professor of Information Science 

thing := otherthing 


(Burroughs B6700 implementor) 

--0 

):> 

(/) 

n 

):> 

, 

:z 

rr1 

:::E: 

(/) 

(/) 

rr1 

--0 

-I 

rr1 

Recommend~on 2 

Tha-t .the above be ltegMded M .the minimwn 6ema~c lteq1UJr.emenU 

06 an we-c.tmv..e in a eMe-6.ta-temen.t. 16 an imp.temen:t:~on 

can caU6e .the 6ame e66ec.t M in RecOlrJllenda-tion1 60Jt va.tUU 

06 .the cMe-eXpltU6ion which Me olt:tJ.Jide ill dec.tMed ltange 

(M in .the .type), .they Me encoUJtaged .to do M. Thi6 M 

lte.tevan:t: onty .to mptemmt~oM .tha-t inc.tude an we-c.taU6e. 

MODIFIED SYNTAX CHART FOR CASE-STATEMENT IN WIRTH-FORM 

--0 

):> 

G'> 

rr1 

'-I 

C>

\ I 

Variable-parameters in Pascal 

..~\ternct~E-..(r.._ ~d: th_.~§f:.!:JI n!:'~L~~ - D. A. Joslin, University of' Sussex) Computer 

Centre, Brighton, U.K. ~8/5/77 

Bill Findlay, 

Glasgow University, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K. 

The impression that variable-parameters in Pascal must be 

passed by reference is wid~spread (e.g. it appears in the books 

by Conway, Gries and Zimmerman and by Webster). However, I 

believe it to be a misconceptIon stemming from the fact that all 

existing implementations have used reference passing. Many other 

controversies in the Pascal Newsletter arise from this failure 

to distinguish between language and implementation. My understanding 

of the matter is that (as in Fortran and for the same 

reason) both reference and value-result are valid mechanisms for 

variable-parameters. 

If we look at Section 9.1.2 of the Report we find only that 

the formal "represents" the actual during the execution of the 

procedure. Name binding is disallowed (thank Heavens!) by the 

rule that the index of a subscripted variable-parameter is 

evaluated just once, but reference is not specified. 

In the Axiomatic Definition, at axiom 11.2, it is stated that 

the variable-parameters and non-local variables accessible by a 

procedure-call must be distinct (no "aliasing"). Given this 

condition, it is not possible to determine the parameter-passing 

mechanism by running ~ legal program. I conclude that any 

method which satisfies axiom 11.2 is allowable. 

This issue is not just of theological interest. The implementor 

has been given an important degree of freedom: he can copy 

the technique used by the Fortran system on his machine and 

thereby gain access to the enormous investment in Fortran library 

routines. 

:.d18 rcquiro;~',0r..b of the nc,ti~;E'd l~cport" t:t~t::;G I~TPUti'\t l,c c.cfi:r:f:cJ l'i.t:ht 

from the veT~~ st~:,:,t of L P:('OgTDIJ {;::ore ~:~(~"\!~C'2:'c.ll:y": f1'" ic (lcfinoa 

idwec1iatcly 8fi;er j{;;:~::;',l'( r), and }iEAD(f ,::) ~ x~ = £1'; GET(r) ) restll to 

in -the fi:!:'}t cc,:cd bC2.l'.,~' p:l":(Bicall~r !.'Q['.d into a bt:.ffcr llhen the J!rOGT:3.~J. 

is entered, thr~ BC'C(md. car,1 b(-d:rL~ p'1~t8icnll;y ~'e8.aon the firgt Ij}':;A~LlI t 

&.nd ~,o or.. An intcJ'.'uctive p:rOE;7_'~,IJ., ho",fcvc:(,~ nO):JClall:, ontF,ltfJ f;QL18 

mesf~as'e to t~l0 tCT:.::i.nal before expecting -~)-'e user to t::"pe his firs-t 

ir.J-:"l1-i:;: i 1.; procGea.s in [I questiort/aYlf:\.Jcr/:r.cfJpODR8 l.-::oc~e. ~:his can be 

tI.c2iEnrE'Q 2.!J PA2CA.1 r::,,".>viclccJ. that: 

ca:C'c1 ~::o;;-;,(1. X'8que;~t by a.ny dl~1TI1J~rccol'd (H"hich '~he prOCTfl!!1 viII~lOt 

&c-'vut.J.1y process), and second e,no. subsequent requests by -Ler!(dnal 

input;; 

(ii) thE' pocoC:l'8.D p::::ec,e,1fOBeaoh ]mAD, ie ench rag.,,,,o-, 1'oJ:' an m'D'''8r 

from the te:cminal iJ.2er, "by a REA-DI,iT, ~.:}~~.i,sCLn cO:.'1venier..tl~r be 

acne "b:i meD.4.1S of };:t'oce:.:ures eg 

PR0CEDDRE GLT~BAL(VAR X:REAL); 

BEGIN fillADL!J; READ(X) Elm; 

, . ~ . 

l1HI'E:IJ!':(t'I"YPI~ A REAL Nln.illEHt); 

GT:TREIIL(X) ; 

\ilU'l'BLl!('X 

=' 

, x); 

(-x- question 

,,-) 

Ci:- Get &.ns,",'€x .K') 

(-Y.- :response to Ct11Slrer .:;. "\ 

The a-tt~C;:~G:::'3;~cet sb.ows: e. sa:Jple p:r0r5--r~n CC21I;a' \i:r-it;te):'~ HCC{H.'oing 

to 1~le (ii) abovo; 

a George 3 macro I11TDRACT w'('.ich pe~('foJ:'j:'8 

the &c'liion o:f l.~Hle (i) &'Love the c01:1mand 

he has loaded. a prO(;Ta:n ]'.6 is -to interact wit]-,; 

a sample telctY'lJe session 8howing intera,0tion 

with CC2lINT via INTElli,CT.

'liSTING OE ,T CCI1INTCI/) P~O~UCED O~ AMAV77 AT 11.49.48 

'OUTpUT RV llSTflLE IN "T.rCZ1' ON 13MAY77 AT 11.20.44 USiNG U14 

DOCUMENT 

COlllH 

PASCAL rn~p, opJfCTCC211"TPPOG 

TVPE STRING rACKED AReAV r1..16] OF r~A~! 

= 

VAR ~! ST~I~G: J,K: INTEGFP: r: r.HAR: 

PROCfl,UQFGFTsTRtrJG(VAo S: STRING>! 

VAR I: INTHER' A~PAV r1. .16] OF CHAR! 

RHiIN 

.' 

REAnlN: 

FO~ 1,= 

pACltCA,1 

1 TO 

dO 

16 DO RFA~IA{I]): 

END: 

PROCEOURE GETI.TEGERCVAN I,INTEGER]! 

REGIN 

oEHIN, 

RfAD(J 

) 

END' 

PROCEDURF GETlHARIVAR r: C~AR)! 

REGIN 

READIN: 

oEAD'O 

FND: 

REGIN 

WRITFLNC'HI THFRE . eLFASE TVPE IN YOUR NAME')! 

GETST.lor,IS) : 

WR!TFLN('GlAO TO MFtT ~tJIJ, .,s): 

REP~AT WPITFLNI'TVPE IN A UHOLE NUMBE.'): 

GFTJNTrr.EReJ); 

WRtTElNctAHn AhOTHfR'>: 

r.FTINTrr.F.ROC) : 

~J~ITFlNtrVOUR ktiMRERS ARf'"J,' 

UH)t,IO: 

WRITFLNf'TIIF.tR ~U~ T~',J+K,', ANn THfI~ DIFFERENCE r~',J-r): 

WWITFlNt'SliAll u~ TRV AGAIN?'): 

(;FTCHARtC) 

UNT!l CII'Y': 

WRITFLNC'GOODBVE. '.5) 

END. 

..... 

:::~AL rOMPllER 'pASQ/2A 'SUSSEX VFRSIO~ 001) ON 04/05/11 AT 11/49/44 

OPTloNCl1 ~FlErTEo, NOWE 

1~.19.51- ~lSl'FiLF INT~RACT.NUMBFR 

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","1~CRli INTF:RACT D.t:\.Jr.!SLIN. nll"1t:\Y77 

1 (JL +-LPO 

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.5 

6 AS *C~O.! 

7 ~R ! 

1"\ RP C~..DP..LS.iJ1...Pr'1 

9 EN n 

10 IF FAILIEILe -CRO). ~L oCRO 

II RP FR.CM 

I? R," 

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5~'" 

LdAD cc~ I I \\jTP~J.:H;,C:JRESi{ 

I .~I.n5- I,'TERACT 

H THERE - PLEASE TYPF IN YUUR NAME 

"AVID 

GLCj[) 

T'} MEET Yi]U~ D~VID 

TYPF IN A WHULE NUMRF.R 

... 1~:1 

A,\jf) 

ANUTo-I f£R 

. 67 

YUUR NUM~~RS ARE 123 AND 67 

THr~l~ SW--i 15 19n~ AI~f) TI-(EIR DIFF~:RF.:NCE IS 5~ 

So-ICjLL w~ TRY AGAIN? 

... 'n~s 

TYPr' IN A \iHdL..E NUIV,8E:R 

. -I 

.AND AN!JTH FR 

- 77 

Yt1U~ i\jU~1~Fk~ ARF 

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T>1r~1.~ $Ij.'.j IS 7f,~ AND To-IUR OIFF,.:RF.:I'lCE IS -7~ 

S~~LL w~ TRY AGAIN? 

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TyPJ.' .if\! A vJ"i..,LE NUI"18ER 

. 'j 

A.\j(' A;'-J, IT!-{;.~~ 

... (,'r 1 

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1'"ifJ~ SU'1 is 9fli~, AN!) Tr-iElj~ DIFr-~'~fo~,\lC~' IS 

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AGAliIJ? 

(-):JIJj\~YF:~ DAV 

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\.

MACHINE DEPENDENT IMPLEMENTATIONS 

---Pascal Implementations Summary--- 

------------------------------------ 

Amdahl 470 

------ 

(* This section summarizes all the information that we have on all 

Pascal implementations, in the checklist format. *) 

(* See implementation notes for IBM 360/370. *) 

Burroughs 

------------ 

B1700 

In a letter dated November 3, 1976, Tony Gerber (Basser Dept. of Computer Science, 

School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, N. S. W. 2006, Australia; Tel. 629 1122) 

reported several persons who have worked on B1700 implementations. They are: 

Elliott Organick"s group at the University of Utah, using Brinch Hansen"s Sequential 

Pascal. 

P. Schultess and K. Hauserman at the University of Zuerich, who each worked on (separate) 

projects. 

P. Albrich, University of Karlsruhe, Germany, was working with Concurrent Pascal. 

M. Ellison at the .University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne was using Pascal-P "version 1.0". 

Burroughs B3700, B4700 

---------------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.R. M. Lansford; 3620 Greenhill Rd.; Pasadena, CA 

91107; 213/ 351-0206. P. L. McCullogh; Tektronix 60/666; P.O. Box 500; Beaverton, 

OR 97077 (503/63B-3411 x2397). W. C. Price; 28282 SW Mountain Road; West Linn, OR 97068 

(503/644-0161). 

2. MACHINE. Burroughs B3700, B4700 (with Accumulator operator.) 

3. SYSTEMCONFIGURATION.MCVP5.7 and Time Sharing System 

8. MEASUREMENTS. 

Pass 1: 4000 lines of Pascal, compiled @ 1000 lines/min. 

Pass 2: 2500 lines of BPL, taking 45 sec. to generate code for Pass 1 of the compiler. 

A minimum of 110K bytes is needed for a logical (reasonable)segmentation 

of the compiler. (* Size and execution speed of code produced not reported. How this 

compares to FORTRAN and other languages not reported. *) 

9. RELIABILITY. Good, but not excellent. (* Number of sites using compiler not reported. 

Date first released not reported. *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Compiler was bootstrapped from an early PI compiler obtained from 

CalTech. The compiler consists of two passes. The first is written in Pascal and emits 

augmented P-code. The second pass (written in BPL, a PL/360-like assembler) generates 4700 

code from the P-code. The first version of the compiler was written by Mike Mahon in 2 

person-months. An additional 8 person-months have been expended in teaching the compiler 

about such things as optimal variable size and alignment, segmentation,etc. 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. (* No information provided. *) 

TektrQnix, 

June8, 1977 


PASCAL User's Group 


227 Experimental Engineering Building 



Dear 

Andy: 

Inc. 

Thank you for the incredible amount of effort you have put intD 

making PUG work. Please, however, don't use anymore of that ugly 

chartreuse paper. 

As to the Burroughs B3700/B4700 PASCAL implementation reported by 

Dr. Lansford in PUGN#8: Due to the efforts of Burroughs' management, 

the (spare-time) project has been cancelled. We understand that 

inq~iries through Burroughs Medium Systems Plant have been answered 

with IIAsk your local Burroughs representative. II The reports we 

promised on certain interestingaspects of our implementation 

(segmentation~optimization, augmentation of P-code, etc.) have 

been delayed (perhaps indefinitely),as we are no longer associated 

with Burroughs Corporation. 

Herewith, however, is a short comment arising from our attempt at 

understanding the full implications of PASCAL's file structure. 

Truly, 

C/) 

rrl 

-0 

-i 

rrl 

3: 

tx:I 

rrl 

= 

4. DISTRIBUTION. No plans at present--the need has not arisen. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. Foreward to program listing; in form of supplement to Pascal 

~ and Report. (* This is apparently not machine retrievable. *) 

6. MAINTENANCE.None. Development has terminated. "If you find"em, fix"em." 

7. STANDARO. 

Unimplemented: 

real arithmetic 

formal procedures and functions 

files (except text files INPUT 

and OUTPUT) 

Extensions: 

segmentation 

symbolic procedure call tracing 

stack checking and statistics 

packing is optional 

User 

;'if].~ 

iUJ)~W-L ,~> 

WilliamC. Pr1ce 

Instrument Research Group 

Tektronix Laboratories 

WCP:pt 

Attachment 

cc: Dr. R.M. Lansford 

P. L. McCullough 

-0 

J:> 

G) 

rrl

Burroughs B5700 

------- 

Bruce A. Pumplin, Oepartment of Computer Science, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, 

Eau Claire, WI 54701, has promised us a report on the progress of his Pascal-P based 

implementation for the B5700. Last we knew (76/08/25),the compiler-interpreterwas 

working. 

teaching intervenes.Project has thus far been limited to two people: Prof. A.H,J, Sale 

and R.A. Freak (Support programmer). 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. There is as yet no BI~DI~FO in the code-file so that it is not 

possible to link Pascal to modules compiled by other language processors, but the system 

contains an extended set of predefined mathematical functions. 

Burroughs B6700/7700 (Tasmania) 

------------------------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.A.K.J. Sale; Dept. of Information Science; 

University of Tasmania; Box 252C G.P.O.; Kobart, Tasmania 7001 Australia; STD 002 23-0561 

x435. 

2. MACKINE. BurroughsModel III B6700, B7700 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.Burroughs MCP version 11.8 (with few (minor) local mods). 

Minimal system to operate not known, but unlikely to be any B6700 that small--storage 

demands are low, and little else is critical. 

4. DISTRIBUTION.Both 7 and 9 track magnetic tapes available. (* Cost not reported. *) 

5. DOCUMENTATION.Supplement to ~!!!!!. ~ and Report svailable; a dictionarystyle 

"ReferenceManual" is in preparation but is not yet complete (77/4/20). (* Not known 

if this documentationis machine retrievable. *) 

6. MAINTENANCE.To be maintsined for teaching use within the University as well as larger 

aims. Reported bugs will be fixed as soon as possible, with patch notices to users. 

Duration of support not yet determined; several other developments are also pending. 

7. STANDARD. Restrictions:Program heading: reserved word program is synonymous with 

procedure; no parameters (files) are permitted after the program heading. Reason: CDC 

anachronism of no utility in our installation,and likely to be confusing. Set constructor 

of form A..B not implemented.Reason: future plan. FORTRAN control character on print line 

not implemented.Reason: a ridiculous feature to standardize. Full Pascal I/O not 

implemented. Reason: future plans. Present I/O scheme is like Pascal-I. Extensions: 

Various reserved words, character set transliterations.Burroughs comment facility. ELSE 

in CASE. File attributes in declaration. Format declarations. Extensive 

Burroughs-compatible compiler options. (Pascal control comment option mode not 

implemented) . 


compiles about 20% slower than FORTRAN or ALGOL, but in about 2/3 of 

their space (for test programs about 4-5 K words on average 

instead of 8-10K). Elapsed compilation times similar, though 

Pascal slower. Speed should be improved by eventual tuning. 

executes at same speed as FORTRAN and ALGOL (code is very similsr snd 

optimal) and takes generally longer elapsed residence time 

primarily due to MCP intervention to create new segments for 

record structures (not present in FORTRAN/ALGOL). Elapsed 

residence times about 20% greater than equivalent ALGOL. 

9. RELIABILITY. Excellent. Only one system crash during testing attributed to Pascal. 

Compiler now in use at 3 sites. Compiler has been in use since 76/10. First released to 

outside sites in 77/4. 

10. DEVELOPMENT METKOD. Compiler which generates B6700 code-files which are directly 

executed by the B6700 with MCP. Written entirely in B6700 ALGOL. Kand-coded using Pascal-P 

as a guide/model.All other paths offered much more difficulty due to special nature of 

machine/system. Person-monthdetails not kept, and project proceeds in fits and starts as 

Burroughs B6700 (San Diego) 

------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Distributor: Kenry Fischer; UCSD Computer Center; 

University of California - San Diego; La Jolla, CA 92093; 714/452-4050.Implementors:Hark 

Overgaard; Jim Hadden: same site. 

2. MACKINE. Burroughs B6700 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. (* No information provided. *) 

4. DISTRIBUTION. Scheduled to start in mid-summer, 1977. (* Informationon cost, magnetic 

tape formats, etc. was not provided. *) 

5. DOCUMENTATION. (* No informationprovided. *) 

6. MAINTENANCE. Unknown at this time. 

7. STANDARD. (* No informationprovided. *) 

8. MEASUREMENTS.Current compile speed is 5000 line/min; but expected improvements could 

make that 10,000 lines/min--as fast as the Burroughs Fast Algol compiler. (* Size and 

execution speed of code produced not reported. *) 

9. RELIABILITY. Unknown at this time. (* Number of sites using this compiler not 

provided. Date of first release not reported. *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METKOD. Real compiler, written in Pascal which produces native code for 

the B6700. (* Person-hours to create compiler not reported. *) 


Burroughs B6700 (New Zealand) 

------------------ 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Chris Bishop; Computing Centre; University of 

Otago; P. O. Box 56; Dunedin; NEW ZEALAND; (Tel. Dunedin 40109 x890). 

2. MACKINE. Burroughs B6700 


4. DISTRIBUTION. Tapes can be written in any of the following formats: 

a) 1600 bpi, PE, 9 track, B6700 library tape 

b) 800 bpi, NRZ, 9 track, B6700 library tape 

c) 1600 bpi, PE, 9 track, USASI Multi-file tape 

d) 800 bpi, NRZ, 9 track, USASI Multi-file tape. 

(* Costs for tapes not reported. *) 

5. DOCUMENTATION. Brief notes on usage available. (* Not known if this is machine 

retrievable. *)

6. MAINTENANCE. (* No informationprovided. *) 



compilation space-- (* No information provided. *) 

compilation speed--Compiles the Karlsruhe B6700 compiler in 90 sec. of processor time. 

execution speed-- (* No information provided. *) 

execution space-- (* No information provided. *) 

(* How this compares to FORTRAN and other languages not reported. *) 

9. RELIABILITY.Unknown at this time. Compiler in use at 3 sites. (* Length of time 

compiler has been in use not reported. *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Karlsruhe B6700 compiler-interpreter translated from Pascal source 

to Burroughs Extended Algol. Produces symbolic code for a hypothetical stack machine. This 

symbolic code must be assembled to produce absolute machine code which may then be 

interpreted. Both the assembler and interpreter are written in Extended Algol. It is 

planned to convert this Algol version into a true compiler for the B6700; work will start 

in earnest about July of 1977. (* Person-hours to create compiler not reported. *) 


3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. (* the Cyber 18 is a self contained interactive system. *) 

Dennis Nicolai (CDC, Minneapolis) reports that the Cyber 18 and the 2550 have similar 

instruction sets, snd that the compiler is a cross-compilerwhich runs on Cyber 70's and 

170's. Code is linked and 'down loaded' to the Cyber 18 and 2550. 

4. DISTRI8UTION.Control Data Corporation. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. CDC Msnual 

documentstionavailable. *) 

88988500 A. (* Appsrently no machine retrievable 

6. MAINTENANCE.CDC supported Communications Front End software. 

7. STANDARD. Unrevised Pascal language definition with extensions. I/O is hardware 

defined. 

8. MEASUREMENTS. (* No information availsble. *) 

9. RELIABILITY. Excellent. (* Number of sites using system not reported. Date of first 

release not reported. *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. The compiler is derived from the compiler for the CDC 2550 front 

end processor,whichin turnwas derivedfromthe old ZurichPascal-6000(1972) compiler. 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. (* No information available. *) 

Burroughs B6700 (Helsinki) 

-------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRI8UTOR/MAINTAINER.Antti Salava; formerly at Dept. of Computer 

Science; University of Helsinki; Toolonkatu II, SF-00I00; Helsinki 10, Finland; Present 

address: MunkkiniemenPuistotie 17-AI3; SF-00330 Helsinki 33, Finland; phone: 90-486288. 

2. MACHINE. Burroughs 6700 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. (*Unknown*) 

4. DISTRIBUTION.None; project not yet complete. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. We are currently (77/1/17) preparing a report on our Pascal 

implementation.(* Not known if this will be machine retrievable.*) 

6. MAINTENANCE.None, project not yet complete. 


8. MEASUREMENTS.Unknown; project not yet complete. 

9. RELIABILITY.Unknown; project not yet complete. 

10. DEVELOPMENTMETHOD. The compiler is written in Burroughs Extended Algol and generates 

B6700 machine code. (* Person-hours to create compiler not reported. *) 


CDC Cyber 18 and 2550 

--------- 

CDC 3200 

A local rumor is that John Urbanski, West Bank Computer Center, 90 Blegen Hall, 

Universityof Minnesota,269 19thAve. South,Minneapolis,MN 55455 USA (612/373-3608), 

is working on an implementationof a subset of Pascsl for the COG 3200. 

CDC 3300 

We have not heard any news from either of the following two implementors for over two 

years, in spite of several attempts by us and others to reach them. 

P. J. Voda, Computing Research Centre, Dubravska 3, 885 31 Bratislava,Czechoslovakia,has 

a version of Pascal operational on the 3300. This version includes concurrent constructs 

(not the same as Brinch Hansen's), and several large software projects were implemented 

using it. 

Lou Beverino, Computer Center, California Stste University, Northridge, CA 91324, is 

knownto have receivedPascal-P2. 

CDC 3600 

This is another case of the "two-year silence" (see CDC 3300). You are welcome to try 

contactingMarcel Dupras, Institut de programmation,Tour 55-65, II-Quai Saint Bernard, 

F-75 Paris, France, who was listed by George Richmond as having completed an 

implementationon the 3600. 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. Jim Fontana, 

3519 W. Warner Ave., Santa Ans, CA 92704 (714/754-4102). 

Control Data Corporation, 

2. MACHINE. Control Data Cyber 18 and 2550.

CDC &000, Cyber 70, Cyber 170 (Zurich) 

----------------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. 

Distributors: 

-(Europe, Asia, or Africa) 

Ura Ammann 

(* same address as implementor *) 

-(North or South America) 

George H. Richmond 

Computing Center: 3&45 ttarine St. 

University of Colorado 

Boulder, CO 80309 USA 

303/ 492-8131 

-(Australia, New Zealand, or Oceania) 

Carroll Morgan 

Basser Oept. of Computer Science 

University of Sydney 

Sydney, N.S.W. 200& 

Australia 

&29 1122 

Implementor: 

Ura Ammann 

Institut fur Informatik 

E.To H. -Zentrum 

CH-8092 Zurich 

Switzerland 

01/ 32 &2 11 

Maintainer: 

John P. Strait / Andy Mickel 


227 Experimental Engineering 

208 SE Union St. 



USA 

&12/ 37&-7290 

2. MACHINE. Control Data &000 series, Cyber 70 series, and Cyber 170 series. 

Bldg. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.Minimum central memory-49K words. Operates under Scope 3.4 and 

Kronos 2.1. 

4. DISTRIBUTION. Tape format is Scope 3.4 internal binary, 7 track, unlabelled, 800 bpi. 

Specify: person responsiblefor maintaining the aystem, your hardware, operating aystem, 

and character set (ASCII or Scientific, &3 or &4). From Switzerland cost is S.Fr. 100 

(includes cost of tape; do not pay in advance, you will be billed); from Colorado cost is 

$&0 for new recipients (includestape and documents), and $35 for old recipients (includes 

tape but not documents); from Australia cost is $A30 (tape and documents). New 

installation notes will be machine retrievable in Release 3. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. Machine retrievable supplement to Pascal ~ Manual !!!!!. Report 

documentationof library support package will be available with Release 3. 

&. MAINTENANCE.Will accept bug reports at Minnesota for forseeable future. Expect to 

issue Release 3 in 1978. 

7. STANDARD. Nearly full standard. Restrictions include: standard procedures and 

functions cannot be passed as actual parameters;~ of ~ is not allowed. Extensions 

include: additional predefined procedures and functions; segmented files. 

8. MEASUREMENTS. Compilation speed: 10500 characters per s~cond on a Cyber 74; 54 

seconds to compile the compiler. Compilation size: 4&K (octal) words for small programs; 

57K for self-compilation. Execution speed: see 7&00 statistics, below. Execution size: 

binaries can be as small as 2.4K, compared with Fortran minimum of over 10K. 

9. RELIABILITY.Excellent. The compiler is in use at 139 known sites. First version of 

this compiler was operational in late 1970. The present version was first released in May 

1974. 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Bootstrapped from the original Pascal-&OOO compiler, but developed 

in a & phase stepwise refinement method. Approximately 1.5 person years. 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. Allows calls to external Pascal and assembler subprograms and Fortran 

(FTN) subprograms. The user library supplied with the system contains many routines in 

addition to the standard. 

and 

CDC 7&00, Cyber 7& (Manchester) 

----------------------------- 

(* See announcement elsewhere in this issue. *) 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.This compiler is essentially the Pascal &000 

compiler modified to fit the 7&00 and Cyber 7& machines. The run time system is based on 

that of Hans Joraanstad at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland (see Pascal News #4). Improvements by 

H. D. Ellison; A.P. Hayes; UMRCC; Oxford Road; Manchester M13 9PL; England, U.K.; (0&1-273 

8252). 

2. MACHINE. Control Data 7&00 & Cyber 7&. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.SCOPE 2.1.3, 32K SCM. 

4. DISTRIBUTION. Contact R. J. Collins at address above. A distribution aggreement must 

be signed and the cost is 50 pounds sterling. 

5. DOCUMENTATION.Same as Pascal-&OOO. 

&. MAINTENANCE. The situation is unclear at present. UMRCC will assist with bugs in 

the 7&00 dependant code (runtime system) only. Currently UMRCC and Minnesota will work 

together on a common release for Release 3. 

7. STANDARD. Same as Pascal &000. 

8. MEASUREMENTS.Compilation speed is about 57,000 characters/sec. Compiler compiles 

itself in less than 10 sec. Pascal execution speed has been measured by using the obvious 

encoding in Pascal of Wichmann"s Synthetic Benchmark (see Computer Journal Vol. 19, II). 

The Units are in kilo Whetstones. 

------------------------------------ 

compiler and 

no runtime 

array bound 

optimisation level checking 

checking 

-------------------------------------------------------- 

ALGOL 4 (OPT-5) 

199& 

1230 

Pascal 

&850 

&240* 

FIN (OPT-2) 

945 

3174** 

-------------------------------------------------------- 

Comp iler 

provided 

Using T+ option--all run time checks included. 

* 

** Forces oPt-O. 

will recompile itself on a "half-size"(32K SCM) machine. (* No information 

on size of compiler or object code produced. *) 

9. RELIABILITY. 3 sites; as reliable as Pascal &000 (Zurich). (* Date of first release 

not reported. *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Cross compiled from Cyber 72 compiler. Based on Zurich &000 

compiler with necessary additions for this machine. (* Person-hours to develop compiler 


11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. Same as Pascal &000. 

CDC Omega 480-1, 480-11 

----------------------- 

(* See implementation notes for IBM 3&0/370. *)

) 

CDC STAR-100 (NASA) 

------------------- 

Reply !o Attn o' 

National Aeronautics and 

Space Administration 

Langley Research Center 

Hampton. Virginia 

23665 

125A 

Dear 

Andy: 

1. Implementors: 

2. Language: 

3. Machine: 

4. Operating System: 

5. Documentation: 

6. Reliability: 

T. Distribution: 

8. Implementation: 

J UN ,/,,1 1977 

This is to inform you that a PASCAL implementationhas been completed 

for the CDC STAR-lOa. The details are: 

Douglas D. Dunlop 

Dept. of Mathematics 

College of William & Mary 

Williamsburg, VA 23185 

John C. Knight 

Ana~ysis and Computation Division 

NASA Langley Research Center 

Hampton, VA 23665 

The PASCAL 

p4 subset of PASCAL. 

Control Data Corporation STAR-lOa. 

STAR o/s. 

At present, only the compiler listing. 

Compiler correctly compiles itself. 

No forI!lalmechanism. Write if you are 

interested. 

NI\S/\ 

The compiler was developed from PASCAL p4. 

Two forms exist and both compilers generate 

STAR machine code. They are a 6000 based 

cross compiler which produces object modules 

for input to the STAR loader, and a STAR 

resident compile and execute system. 

Our experience with PASCAL p4 has been very satisfactory and we congratulate 

the developers. In less than six man weeks of effort, the 

PASCAL p4 compiler was modified to generate STAR-lOa machine code, 

and the compiler which was produced successfullycompiled itself on the 

STAR-lOa. 

Sincerely, 

(. If:tltt- 

~ohn C. Knight ~ 

Aerospace Technologist 

Programing Techniques Branch 

CII IRIS 50 (Nice) 

------------------ 

1. IMPLEMENTOR!OISTRIBUTOR!MAI~TAINER. Olivier Lecarme; Universire de Nice; Laboratoire 

O'lnformatiquei Parc Valrose, 06034 Nice Cedex; France (51 91 00). 

2. MACKINE. CII IRIS 50. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.Siris 3 operating system. (* Minimum hardware requirements not 

known. *) 

4. DISTR1BUTION. (* Unknown, project not yet complete. *) Expected to be available by end 

of 1977. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. (* No information provided. *) 

6. MAINTENANCE.(* Unknown, project still underway. *) 

7. STANDARD. Will implement exactly Standard Pascal. 

8. MEASUREMENTS.(* Unknown, project not yet complete. *) 

9. RELIABILITY. (* Unknown, project not yet complete. *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METKOO. Various approaches tried. Tool compiler developed using Pascal-P, 

Pascal-E subset, intermediatemachine oriented languages, and the Nagel trunk compiler 

used to write a true compiler. (* Person hours to implement system not reported. *) 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. Will produce modules for the 

provided on external and other language subroutines, 

source inclusion, or symbolic post-mortem dumps. *) 

Cll 10070, IRIS 80, XDS Sigma 7 (pa.ris) 

--------------------------------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR!OlSTRIBUTOR!MAINTAINER. 

Implementor: 

Distributor: 

Didier Thibault Pierre Maurice 

17 rue GAY-LUSSAC UER d'informatique-UniversitePaul Sabatier 

F-75005 Paris FRANCE 118 route de Narbonne 

527 6 85 F-3t077 Toulouse FRANCE 

(61) 53 11 20 x300 

2. MACHINE.CII 10070; CII IRIS 80; ~)S Sigma 7. 

linkage editor. (* No information 

separate compilation, automatic 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. SlR1S 7 & SIRIS 8 (CII operating systems; also easily available 

on other operating systems, see implementation description.) 

4. DISTRIBUTION.Compiler source and assembler code are available on magnetic tape free. 

Just send a tape (mini if possible) to distributor. 

5. OOCUMENTAT10N. Users Manual (in French); Sept. 1975. (* Not known if this is machine 

retrievable.*) 

6. MAINTENANCE.Maintained from July 74 thru Jan 78. 

7. STANDARD. 

Full standard with following extensions: 

-separate compilation of Pascal program 

-symbolic post mortem dump of variables & procedure in case of abort at execution time 

-'value' feature for initialization of variables 

=rTl 

:::e: 

en

-'packed' varia~les ~mplem~nted , 

-extensions to read and write for use in an interactive environment 


compilation speed--1800 Pascal lines/min.; 

2400 characters/sec; versus 

1200 characters/sec. for FORTRAN. 

compilation space--to run the Pascal system: 

30 K words with overlay; 

45 K words without overlay. 

execution speed--dependant on program profile; compared to FORTRAN: 

FORTRAN Pascal 

matrix multiplication 1 1.6 

recursive program 1 0.3 

character count on file 1 0.2 

execution space--(* No information provided. *) 

9. RELIABILITY. Good to Excellent. This is release 3 of this compiler. The compiler has 

been tested since 1974 in 30 installations. 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Full compiler generating object code for the linkage editor. 

The compiler consists of 

a MONITOR: programmed in CII's local assembly language (2K 32-bit words). 

It links the Pascal program to the operating system and controls the 

execution of the Pascal program. All operating system dependancies 

are located in this moniter. To get the compiler available on some 

other operationg system,the rewriting of this moniter is neccessary. 

a COMPILER: written in Pascal itself, it consists of 4800 lines. It is a 

one pass compiler with top-down syntax analysis, separate compilation 

of Pascal programs, symbolic post mortem dumps, and several specific 

options. The compiler is fully bootstrapped so that any user may 

adapt it easily to a specific need (change the table sizes, specific 

features, etc.). 

a LIBRARY used by the linkage editor. 

(* Person-hours -to create compiler not reported. *) 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. Separate compilation of Pascal programs implemented. (* No 

informationon subprogram libraries. *) 

Computer Automation LSI-2 

---------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Computer Automation; Naked Mini Division; 18651 

Von Karman; Irvine, CA 92713; 714/ 833-8830; TWX:910 595 1767. 

2. MACHINE. Computer AutomationLSI-2 (16-bit minicomputer). 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATIDN.Computer Automation OS. Minimum hardware: moving head or floppy 

disk and 32K Memory. 

4. DISTRIBUTION.Distributed on floppy disk for $900. 

5. DOCUMENTATION.User's Guide explaining the use of Pascal under CA-oS. (* Apparently no 

machine retrievable documentation.*) 

6. MAINTENANCE. Fully supported including acceptance and response to user trouble 

reports. In the near future, standard Pascal I/O will be implemented. 

7. STANDARD. Implements Sequential Pascal which varies from standard Pascal. Missing: 

reserved words file, Roto, ~, packed; mixed type arithmetic;standard functions: ODD, 

EOLN, EOF, SQR, ROUND, SIN, COS, ARCTAN, LN, EXP, SQRT. Restricted to 2 levels of static 

nesting. Has extended I/O and file aCCess methods. 

8. MEASUREMENTS. (* No information provided. *) 

9. RELIABILITY. Very good. (* Number of sites using system not reported. Date first 

released not reported. *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Seven pass complIer. (* Method of developing compiler not 

reported. Number of person-hours to implement compiler not reported. *) 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. Automatic formatting option implemented. (* No information provided 

on separate compilationor subprogram libraries. *) 

CRAY-l (Los Alamos) 

----------------- 

IN REPLY 

REFER TO: 

MAil STOP: 

Dear 

C-11 

~':Jb 

Andy: 

UNIVERSITY 

OF CALIFORNIA 

LOS ALAMOS SCIENTIFIC LABORATORY 

(CONTRACT W-7405-ENG-36) 

P.O. BOX 1663 

LOS ALAMOS. NEW MEXICO 87545 

J III 

y 

'(, 1)'( 7 

Despi te l>'Jb J:)hnson 

I 

s rather discouraging Jetter, r'A::,- 

CAL Newslette~ ff6), PASCAL still lives en the CRAY-1. e new 

tlave a new version based on Sassan Haze~hi's P-corte P3S Processor 

cencept (P.H. 01). Current plans are to extend -code 

and the P-code translator to provide cede qeneration f"or the 

hedel compiler. 

I enclose an 11-point Newsletter-style descrintien of 

our irnplei1Jentaticn,the User's Guide Addendum, And my check 

for $4 t'ar next year's P.U.G. membership. 

1. Implementors: 

l'l"nl 

,"" C,"",", ~ 

CRAY PASCAL (Version £) 

The compiler was bootstrapped by John Montague and 

Michael Powell. Many ef the code templates were taken 

from Bob Johnson's cross compiler. Nearly all changes 

and improvements since the bootstrap was completed are 

due to Forest Baskett and Linda Zucceni. We can all be 

reached at the following address: 

Los Alamos Scientific 

Greup C-11, Mail Stop 

P. O. Box 1663 

Los Alamos, New Mexico 

(505) 667-7877 

Laboratory 

296 

87545 

-0 

J> 

en 

n 

J> 

r 

\

2. Machine: 

Cray Research, Inc. CRAY-l 


Benchmark Operating System (BOS), a LASL modified version 

of the CRI CRAY-OS Version 1. 

4. Distribution: 

Distribution is arranged on an ad hoc basis. All 

(both) current CRAY-l installations have a copy. 


Short write-up on the differences between CRAY PASCAL 

and Standard PASCAL, plus instructions for use. 

6. Maintenance: 


Most of the programs we have compiled were first debugged 

with PASCAL-6000, so error recovery hasn't really 

been tested. The P-compiler has had quite a bit of 

use at Stanford. No errors in the generated code have 

been detected for several months, and we have compiled 

and executed John Banning's 10,000 line PASCAL Analyzer 

program (PASCAL Newsletter #6). 

10. Method of Development: 

CRAY PASCAL was bootstrapped using PASCAL-P and PAS- 

CAL-6000. A total of 5 machines (CDC 6600, Cyber 13, 

1600, Data General Eclipse, and the CRAY-l) and 3 character 

sets were involved in the bootstrap process. Approximately 

6 man-months were required. Both implementors 

have previously modified batch OS/360-310 compilers 

to run interactively under ORVYL/310 (inclu9ing 

-0 

J> C/) 

n 

J> 

r 

We will maintain CRAY PASCAL at LASL as long as we find 

it useful. The compiler is still undergoing development, 

and new versions will probably be complete replacements 

rather than updates. A project is underway 

to use the P-code translator as a code generator for 

Model, a LASL-developed language which will be used for 

much of our new CRAY-l operating system. 

I. Standards: 

8. 

CRAY PASCAL impleme~ts the. subset of PASCAL defined by 

the PASCAL-P complIer wlth a few extensions toward 

Standard PASCAL and several of the PASCAL-6000 predefined 

functions and procedures. 

Compiler 

Implementation: 

CRAY PASCAL is written in PASCAL and consists of two 

separate programs, the PASCAL-P compiler (version 2 

extended by Sassan Hazeghi of Stanford University t~ 

the equlvaIent of P4, and further modified at LASL) and 

the P-CODE translator which converts P-CODE into CRAY 

Assembly Language (CAL.) Despite some character set 

problems, both programs currently run on the CRAY-l and 

on a CDC 6600 under NOS. Some statistics on our implementation 

are: 

Lines of source code 

P instructions generated 

CAL instructions generated 

Size of code (64-bit words)* 

Compile, translate, 

assemble time (CPU sec.) 

* 

P-compil er 

4400 

23,500 

38,100 

18,200 

this includes the run-time package 

Translator 

3900 

19,100 

36,500 

18,400 

43 40 

The compiler and translator run-time are currently domlnated 

by the character by character I/O (about 50% of 

t~e total time). One of our current projects is 

dlrected toward improving the run-time support. 

July 1, 1911 

ALGOL-W, PL/C, and Sassan Hazeghi's PASCAL-P compiler) 

and are experienced system programmers. Neither implementor 

had ever used a CDC 6600 or a CRAY-l, or written 

large PASCAL programs before the project started. 

Subsequent development has been done uSing a PDP-ll/10 

running UNIX, with a link to the CRAY-l for compilation 

and testing. 

11. Libraries, External Compilation, Etc. 

No libraries are currently available or planned. 

External procedures (declared as FORTRAN, though actually 

requiring PASCAL calling conventions) are supported 

and have been used. 

supported by allowing 

Limited separate compilation is 

second level procedures (procedures 

declared in the PROGRAM block) to be entry 

points. 

Data General Nova/Eclipse -- Introduction. 

------------------------------------------ 

Since the announcement in PUGN 8 of a Data General implementationby R. E. Berry, 

we've witnessed a lot of activity this summer. As an experiment,we are going to try to 

get everyone together here! 

Thanks to Rodney Thayer, Central Research Group, P.O.Box 451, Harvard, MA 01451 

(617/172-2306)who wrote 17/07107: "a few people in my area (myself included) are 

investigating R. E. Berry's U. of Lancaster PASCAL for the Data General NOVA. If 1 am 

closer than England for somebody, they are welcome to write to me to find out about 

Lancaster Pascal." 

On 77/8/12,Gregg Marshall at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in 

Denver, CO 80200 (303/499-1000x4482) wrote out a checklist for the Lancaster NOVA Pascal 

implementation, "in casetheyhaven'tsentone, toO." (They hadn't.) Its informationis 

included in the summary below. 

Other NOVA implementationshave appeared by Ted Park, A. J. Hurst, and Rafael Bonet - 

see below. H. S. Magnuski, Gamma Technology, 800 Welch Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304 

(415/326-1661), wrote on 17/7/21 that he is trying to obtain several NOVA implementations 

for evaluation. Hopefully he will report his findings to PUGN. On 77/8/9, Bruce liacKenzie, 

ComputervisionCorp., 201 Burlington Road, Route 62, Bedford, MA 01730 (617/275-1800), 

announced that "we will be implementing Pascal on Data General's NOVA's and NOVA 

compatlble machines running under our own operating system.." 

Also, Larry Walsh, ROLM Corp., 4900 Oli Iron Sides Drive, Santa Clara, CA 95050 

(408/988-2900) is looking at Pascal-P for the ROLM 1664, a ruggedized NOVA. 

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Requests for Data General implementationinformationhave come from: 

77/07/11: Doug Kaye, Computer Services, Du Art Film Labs, 255 West 55 St., New York, 

NY 10019 (212/757-4580). 

77/07/14: Mike Tiller, 2501 N. Lancsster Lane #178, Plymouth, MN 55441 (612/546-6687). 

77/06/08: C. A. Miller, Dept. of Physics Nuclear Res. Center, University of Alberta, 

Edmonton,Alberta T6G 2N5. 

77/08/10: Kevin Driscoll, 330 SE 11th Ave., Minneapolis, MN 55414 (612/331-2133). 

77/08/16: Bruce K. Ray, Polymorphic Computer Systems, P.O.Box 3581, Boulder, CO 80303 

(303/443-5362) . 

77/03/14: Wayne Seipel, James Peterson, Computer Science Dept., University of Texas, 

Austin, TX 78712 (512/472-1773). 

-Andy Mickel 

Data General ECLIPSE (Loma Linda) 

--------------------------------- 

LOMA LINDA CAMPUS 

LOMA LINDA UNIVERSITY LOMA LINDA, CALIFORNIA 92354 

June 3, 1977 

SCIENTIFIC COMPUTATION FACILITY 

Dear Andy, 

I thought this might be the first, but I see from the latest 

newsletter that at least one other Data General version exists. 

However, I would like to report another Pascal P4 system solely 

designed for the Data General Eclipse Series computers with 

floating point hardware (since the Eclipse enhanced instruction 

set is heavily used, my Pascal will not run on a Nova). 

I would be willing to disperse DGcompatible dumps of the system 

to interested users who supply their own mag-tape. I am not 

in a position to supply documentation, so interested parties 

would still need to get the implementation kit from the University 

of Colorado. 

To ease the implementation, I used a single size data unit -- 

64-bits for everything. A virtual memory (paging) scheme is 

employed so that the system will run in almost any memory 

configuration. 

The assembler for PCOOE and interpreter are both written in DG 

assembly language. I am quite pleased with the speed of the 

system, it takes something over an hour to compile the compiler 

(-4000 lines of code). This is only 4 times slower than the 

vender supplied FORTRANcompiles! (And the Pascal system is 

interpreted with software paging!!) 

The specifications of the system are as follows: 

worksize = 

memory size 

integer size 

real size = 

64 bits 

64K words 

32 bits used in all calculations (64 bits stored) 

64 bits 

I have implementedthe entire interpreter except the transcendental 

functions and the 1/0 of 'real' data. The transcendental functions 

are, at present, of little interest so I may be several months 

before implementing these. 1/0 of 'real' data is needed, I am 

working on it and will have it ready in a couple of weeks. 

I have read several comments in the PUGnewsletter indicating 

how many people perceived the bootstrapping process as being 

rather difficult -- indeed, the implementation kit seemed to 

indicate this also. I would like to offer my encouragement to 

those who try by pointing out that the implementation kit we 

received from George Richmond at the University of Colorado 

was quite complete and bug free. I was able to have the compiler 

compile itself correctly after less than one man-month effort. 

All-in-all, I am very satisfied with the results. 

Sincerely, 

--(9c{d~ 

Data General NOVA (Canberra) 

---------------------------- 

8. 

Dear 

Andy, 

Ted C. Park 

Technical Specialist New address: 

Ted C. Park 

TCP:map 

cc: George Ri chmond 

Old address: 

Ted C. Park 

Scientific Computation Facility 

Lorna Linda University 

Loma Linda, CA 92354 

Medical Data Consultants 

Suite 302 

1894 Commercenter West 

San Bernardino, CA 92408 

714/ 825-2683 

The Scientific Computation Facility is a Biotechnology Research 

Resource supported in part by NIH grant RR00276. 

THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 

DEPARTMENT OF Computer Science 

BOX 4, POST OFFICE, CANBERRA, A.C.T. 2600 

22 June 1977 

The department of Computer Science, Australian 

National university, is implementing PASCAL-P for a Data 

General NOVA from the Zurich p-4 portable compiler. The 

system is intended for cafeteria style student use and 

will require processor + 32K memory, disk, card reader and 

line printer as a minimum hardware configuration, and runs 

under RDOS. It is not intended at this stage to distribute 

the system, but interested people may write to A.J. Hurst, 

Department of Computer Science, ANU, Post Office Box 4, 

Canberra, A.C.T. 2600, Australia. The estimated completion 

date is late 1977. 

John 

Hurst 

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te:e::;IIGC S. a. 

--------------------------------- 

oj 

ordenadares 

5 June 1977 Pascal User's Group 

Dear Mr. Mickel: 

I have received Pascal Newsletters #5 and 

closure from the University of Southampton, 

about it6? 

electronicos 

rocofort, 98 - 

100 

tel.f, 1931 385 41 00 

telex 53095 

borcelona 

#7 on the same en- 

Great Britain. What 

My company, 5ECoINSA-TEL~SINCRo is a holding owned by the spanish 

government for the development of the national computer lndustry. 

We bought CALTECH'S SOLO SYSTEM to experiment it as a software 

tool running in the DGC'S 'NOVA 840 at the research & development 

department. The NOVA is used as a software factory. 

Enclosed is a short report about our implementation. Sorry but 

distribution is not planned. 

I have personnel interest in PASCAL, so the address 

mailing list is my home address. My office addre~s 

mentors' address below. 

Sincerely 

yburs: 

RMB/tg 

cc: P. Brinch Hansen 

1.- Implementors: 

/j\~ 

Rafael M. Bonet 

Arsenio Lago 

Ram~n Cervelll! 

TELESINCRo S.A. 

Departamento de Investigaci~n y Desarrollo 

Rocafort 100 

Barcelona 15 

SPAIN 

Phone: (93) 3254100 

2.- Machine: 

Data General Corp. NOVA 840 

3.- Operating System: 

SOLO 

SYSTEM 

, 

\ 

- 15 

in the PUG 

is the impl~ 

M. Bonet 

Minimal Hardware Configuration: 

CPU options: Floating Point Unit 

Automatic Multiply/Divide Unit 

Real Time Clock 

Memory Map&Protection Unit (MMPU) 

Memory 

Disk 

Tape 

Printer 

Card Reader: 

Console 

44Kw, minimum 

DIABLO model 33 (2.5MBytes) 

AMPEX model DM448 with western Peripherals Interface 

WANG CO 800 bpi, 9tracks, 45 ips 

TALLY 200 Ipm with Data Products Interface 

DoCUMATIoN 600 cpm with Documation Interface 

Standard 

Also supported by the system: 

Second Console 

4060 Multiplexer 

as much memory as supported by the MMPU 

4.- Method of distribution: 

The SOLO SYSTEM and its distribution is not a company objective. 

Thus, we have no plans for distribution. But we shall 

study each request of a system copy. 

5.- Documentation available: 

Our system is an implementation of the CALTECH'S SOLO SYSTEM. 

The languages description is given in two CALTECH Manuals: 

Concurrent PASCAL report. 

Sequential PASCAL report. 

The system works in interpretive mode. The NOVA interpreter, 

an assembly program, is documented in spanish. 

6.- Maintenance: 

The high level coding (CPASCAL or SPASCAL) was writen at the 

CALTECH by Per Brinch Hansen's team. Neither CALTECH nor Per 

Brinch Hansen (now at the Southern California University) pr£ 

vide maintenance for this software. 

The low level coding (the NOVA interpreter) is responsibility 

of our team, but Dur structure does not allow a formal maintenance~ 

Of course, we accept error reports. 

7.- Standards: 

CALTECH sequential PASCAL is not a standard PASCAL implementation 

as you can found in the CALTECH report. 

8.- Compiler / Interpreter: 

The system is interpretive. The only potion in target machine 

code is an assembly program, called the kernel, with a size 

of 5K words of 16 bits. The PASCAL interpreter, included in 

the kernel is 2 K words long. The SOLO O.S. runs interpretively 

and is coded in Concurrent PASCAL. The SOLO runssequen 

PA5CAL programs. The compilers speed is about 90 char/sec. 

9.- Reliability: 

The kernel reliability is excelent. 

For the compilers, some not important 

me of them were fixed. In general the 

bugs were detected. S£ 

reliability is good.

+0.- Development method: 

The tapes from CALTECH were used to implement a bootstrap SO- 

LO SYSTEM running under DGC'S Real Time Disk Operating System. 

Then we developed our stand-alone SOLO SYSTEM. 

The system can produce a backup tape. This tape is loaded 

into disk by means of the IPL operation and an AUTOLOAD program 

writen at the begining of the tape. 

Once the tape on disk the system is loaded by IPL. 

For the people interested only in sequential PASCAL: 

it is posible to write an interpreter (or compiler) of seque~ 

tial PASCAL, changing the SYSTEM CALL instruction from a 

branch to concurrent code to the actual execution of the fun£ 

tion required. As Per Brinch Hansen says, it is a 1 man month 

work, but it doesn't exist a documentation about how to doit. 

Data General NOVA (Lancaster) 

--------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. R. E. Berry and A. Foster; Dept. of Computer 

Studies; University of Lancaster; Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YX, U.K.; 65201 (STll0524). 

2. MACHINE. Data General Nova series (2/10, 820). 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. RllOS 4.02/5.00 operating system; 32K core, disk backing store. 

4. DISTRIBUTION. Cassette tape or 2.5 Ilbyte cartridge disk. 

5. DOCUMENTATION.A user manual is provided. 

6. MAINTENANCE. No formal commitment to provide support; Release 2 under development and 

will subsequently be consolidating bug reports accepted on Release 1. 

7. STANDARD. Pascal P4 subset accepted. 

8. MEASUREMENTS.Typical runtimes compare favorably with those of other languages 

generally available on the Nova. P-code is generated, assembled and then interpreted. 

(* Compilation and execution space requirementsnot reported. *) 

9. RELIABILITY. (* Thought to be good. Number of sites using system not reported. Date 

first released not reported. *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOll. Originally cross-compiledfrom a CllC 7600. The P-code assembler 

was written from scratch in Pascal; the P-code interpreter was implemented in Nova 

assembly language. 


DEC PDP-8 Minnesota 

--------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.John T. Easton, 612/373-7525; James F. Miner, 

612/373-9916;Jonathon R. Gross, 612/835-4884;Address correspondence to: Pascal Group; 

SSRFC; 25 Blegen Hall; University of Minnesota; 269 19th Ave. South; Minneapolis, MN 

55455; 612/ 373-5599. 

2. MACHINE. Digital Equipment Corp. PDP-8/e 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. 

OS/8 version 3. Hardware required: 

-KE8-E (EAE with mode B instructionset) 

-RK8-E disk, or other direct access mass storage device with at least 131K 12-bit words 

(e.g., DF32 or RF08). 

-16 K minimum of core/RAM. 32 K is highly recommended. 

4. DISTRIBUTION.Not yet ready for release. 

5. DOCUMENTATION.Machine retrievable supplement to Pascal User Manual and Report (about 

25 pages), in preparation. 

6. MAINTENANCE.A policy has not yet been determined. 

7. STANDARD. Emphasis has been placed on close adherance to the ~ User ~ and 

Report. There are two major restrictions: a) Parameters may not be procedures and 

functions. This restrictionwill not be lifted without full type checking (which requires 

a change in the Pascal Standard). b) Files may be declared only in the main program, and 

files may not be components of arrays, records, or files; nor may files be allocated with 

the procedure NEW. Minor restrictions:set size-96 elements; maxint-8,388,607 (2**23-1). 

Full ASCII character set is supported. 


Execution speed--roughly comparable to FORTRAN IV (F4). I/O seems to be 

faster than FORTRAN, while computation seems slower. 

Execution space--Interpretertakes 12K, space needed for P-corle and runtime 

storage depends on program. 

Compilation speed--much slower than F4. We hope to make some improvements 

in this area. About 30 characters/sec. presently (77/07/30). 

Compilation space--65K 12-bit words to compile itself. 

9. RELIABILITY. Fair to good and improving. The system is has been in use at 1 site since 

76/11. 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. As with most languages on the PDP-8. Pascal makes use of an 

interpreter (a modification of P-code) written in PAL8. The compiler (about 5400 lines, 

based on Pascal-P4) and assembler are written in Pascal. All standard procedures are 

written in PAL8. Because of the design of the system, the implementationis not suitable 

for real-time applications.On the other hand, the implementationdoes provide 131K words 

of virtual memory for code and store. Effort involved has been 1 person-year for 

applications programmerswithout previous experience writing compilers. 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. Currently (77/07/30),none. 

Oigital Equipment Corporation (DEC) PllP-11 -- Introduction 

-------------------------------------------------------- 

At one time last year (PUGN 6-7) Steven Schwarm and C. E. Bridge at DuPont wrote to 

say they were coordinatinga DECUS SIG Pascal. We thought they would coordinate POP-II 

implementations. Well, they haven't, and they have not been communicatingeither. We've 

heard that llECUSSIG Pascal is in other hands. 

Interest in PDP-11 Pascal has been high. But from our point of view there are far too 

many Pascals on the 11 to wade through. 

A few comments: Electro Scientific Industries Pascal for the 11 has received another 

good report - see the letter from Wayne Rasband. Structured Systems has come up with an 

implementation which runs on many operating systems includingUNIX. The highest quality 

RSX-11 system we've had reports on comes from Stockholm. Finally, we have news of UNIK 

Pascal from U.C. Berkeley. 

Jim Shores, with the US Navy in Connecticut, phoned on 77/05/24 and reported he had a 

Brinch Hansen interpreter running as a task under RSX. Also he phoned 80b Lucas at NBS in 

Maryland and found out that Bob doesn't think too much of his own RSX implementation.With 

all the othersaround now,that'sokay. 

See also HERE ANll THERE News section under David Miller, Matli Karinen, John 

Nunnally, Alfred J. Hulbert, Martin Tuori, and Aron Insinga. 

-Andy 

Mickel 

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Dear 

DEC PDP-ll (ESI) 

------ 

Andy: 

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION. AND WELFARE 

PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE 

ALCOHOL. DRUG ABUSE, AND MENTAL HEALTH ADMINISTRATION 

July 14, 1977 

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH 

8000ROCKVILLE PIKE 

BETHESDA, MARYLAND 20014 

. 

AREA CODE 301 

TEL, 658-AOOO 

I suspect that readers of the PASCAL Newsletter may get the impression 

that there does not exist a reliable standard PASCAL compiler for the 

PDP-ll that is useful for production work, but from our experience this 

is simply not the case. We are using the compiler from Electro Scientific 

Industries (ESI) under the RT-ll operating system on five different PDP-ll 

systems (11/03, 11/04, 11/20, 11/34, 11/40) for real-time laboratory 

applications and image processing. We have found ESI PASCAL better suited 

for process control type applications than the DEC FORTRAN. It generates 

in-line as opposed to threaded code. It allows direct access to I/O device 

registers as opposed to requiring subroutine calls. It provides a more 

efficient interrupt handling capability and allows insertion of assembler 

language statements in-line. 

ESI PASCAL has also proven more practical for use on small PDP-ll configurations, 

such as a 16K llV03 with dual floppy disks, because it requires 

less memory and disk space. The ESI compiler (written in MACRO) 

is half the size of DEC's FORTRAN compiler and the PASCAL run-time support 

library is one-third the size of the FORTRAN library. 

Sincerely, 

/ 

.// 

/ 

. 

. _/:~. 7"'( 

~ 

./ 

J 

Wayne Rasband 

Section on Technical Development 

National Institute of Mental Health 

Bldg. 36, Rm. ZA-03 

Bethesda, Md. 20014 

301-496-4957 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.John Ankcorn; David Rowland; Electro-Scientific 

Industries; 13900 NW Science Park Dr.; Portland, UR 97229.;503/ 641-4141; TELEX: 360273. 

2. MACHINE. Any model Digital Equipment Corp. POP-II. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. Minimum of 16K words. Operates under RT-ll. Currently 

(76/11/02),an RSX-llM implementationis underway. 

4. DISTRIBUTION. Compiler, support module, cross referencer, text editor and instruction 

manual available for $1500. (* Tape formats, etc. not reported. *) 

5. DOCUMENTATION. Over 70 page machine retrievable instruction manual. Currently 

(76/11/02)working on more. 

6. MAINTENANCE.One year of unlimited fixes and updates, followed by annual subscription 

service. (* Reported by users that "vendor seems to be re"sponsive in termsof support". *) 

7. STANDARD. Full standard plus extensions: additional features for real-time hardware 

control; separate compilationof procedures;Macro (assembler) code in line insertion; 

actual core addresses of variables .can be fixed (giving access to external page I/O 

addresses at the Pascal level. 


compilation speed--About 3500 characters /second, on the POP-II model 05. 

compilation space--very economical-it can compile 3000 line programs in 

28K on PDP-ll/40. No overlays are used in the system. 

execution speed--about twice as fast as the DEC FORTRAN IV and many times 

faster than DEC BASIC. A worst-case 'number-cruncher' 

example ran at 40% faster than the DEC original FORTRAN. 

execution space--very economical-much of the space improvement over DEC 

FORTRAN is due to the smaller support module for Pascal. 

9. RELIABILITY.Excellent--far better than DEC FORTRAN. In use since 75/11. (* Number of 

sites using compiler not reported. *) 

10.DEVELOPMENTMETHOD. Single pass recursivedescent compilerwrittenin Macro-II. 

Hand-coded based on University of Illnois bootstrap (with extensive changes) in about two 

person-years of effort. First compiler written by both implementors.Compiler translates 

source into Macro-II which is then assembled and linked to the support module for 

execution. 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. Separate compilation of procedures with load-time insertionand 

linkage is implemented. 

DEC POP-II (Los Altos) 

-------------- 

systems 

#; structured 

corporation 

343 Second Street, Suite K 

Los Altos, caifornia 94022 

415 321 8111 

STRUCTUREDSYSTill,S CORPORATIONis pleasedto announcea new Pascalcompilerfor 

the DEe PDP-11. The STRUCTURED SYSTEMS Pascal compiler (PASCAL-5S)was designed 

and implementedby the team of A. Ian Stocksand JayantKrishnaswamy,who 

previously developed the University of Illinois Pascal-1l compiler. 

The PASCAL-5S compiler is itself written in PASCAL and is self-compilable. It 

translates Pascal source programs directly into machine code. The language 

implemented is closely based on Jensen and Wirth's revised report (1975) with 

a number of language extensions and additional features aimed at large-scale 

systemdevelopmentin a productionenvironment.Versionsof PASCAL-SS are 

implemented or under development to run under the most popular PDP-11 operating 

systems, including OOS, RT-11, RSX-11 and UlIlX. 

Many features have been incorporated into STRUCTUREDSYSTEMSPASCAL-SS which make 

it one of the most powerful and convenient-to-usePascal systems for a production 

environment. Extensive compile- and run-time error checRing and reporting 

features are incorporated in the compiler. Compiler '$' options include an 

identifier cross-reference,automatic formatting/indentationof source listings, 

conditional compilation of sections of the source, a macro-expansionpass (similar 

to DEFIJtE in Burroughs Algol), and textual inclusion of library files in the 

source stream. ~tensive object code optimization may be specified. 

Programs and routines may be defined in separately compiled modules and l~nked 

together. User-controlledoverlays permit very large programs to be comp~led and 

executed under severe core constraints. 

Anyone wishing additional information on PASCAL-5S should contact: 

Martin Rattner 

STRUCTURED SYSTEMS CORPORATION 

343 Second Street, Suite K 

Los Altos, California 94022 

(415) 321-8111 

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~-------- ~toc.holrr 

19(1-( 9-lI~ 

1 (.,) 

rh~ cOJiriler ..ill De jistritutel1 at no cost it 

t~pes dre sU~Dl'ect f~r onp or n.ore of the follo~in~ 

cholces: 

The "e~slptters ~re really 'nterrpst~~q to reriO, 

alth~'J~n aistribut10n is somp~nat slOw. 

...nen the fV'ay issue finally a~;nea"f?(l ir. the en" 

of July 

o_n aocress 

I founa that I had mi.eo up .Y 1 n 

the ;'TII)Lementation n~te oestririnc our P!)iJ 11 cQl1trJiler. 

I enclose an updatec versio~. 

three DfCtaoes 1n P~P11 U0~ format (CEC1J anu pr~J11 lisers) 

on~Y-track m~gnetlc tape 1~ ~lL 1l tor~dt lutll~ usprs) 

one y-tr~c~ naqQetic taDe In ,naustrv cow~at;ble formAt 

(,Jsers of Ll(11~ anj ot~er C01,~ut~rs) 

one 'I-track rT!a'-1netic tape in' Ii'!) forrri:;it (r'ut-'11 users). 

2: 

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AS you can also see, I have oec,ce~ to ~1stril)ute t~e 

cO~Diler ~ysp.lt. ~r Sch~ar~ ot nu port have proMis~G 

to d1str;bute thro',Jgh D£CUS, tlut I hr:lVen't hedred anythlr'lq 

fro", hi. yet. 

to 

n- LJS e r 11;;)"tJale 0 'n u l e 11e n tin 9 the U f" t,:;; !' 0 I')k . 

,L A I ~~ T t ~ A 

/,j 

C t 

,~o re5~~nsiDility, bJt 11 prrors are tounJ rer,orts will 

De rlistrihut~d to kn~wn tJsers. 

2 

Severl 

UP~E"hTOR 

Seveo 

Torstenoahl 

lorstenrlahl 

Adoress: 

felefon A~ ~# ~ricsson 

A~/Xlld'l 

S-12~ 2; StoCkholm, S.eaen 

pnone 

DEC-1u: crosscompiler that qenerates coae for 

all PDP-l1's. 

PUP-11: model~; anj UP. 

Ihe COmPiler generates code for floatlna pOlnt 

and extencted aritnmetic it option soltcnes are 

nUl!!ber: 

tlardware 

set. 

lhe cO~J;ler is a ~Oj;flcation of tne cross~o~~iler 

fron 4r 8ron of '~ente Jni~ersity -of I~chnology, 

The NetnerlandS. ,~o T3Jor ~o0itiCHtions hd~e neen 

,Jndert::tl(en: 

the compller ~ener~tPs st~n~ard O'Ject noduLes 

the comoiler ~lves full access to R~X tllp s~stpm 

The followin~ llSt is ~a1"ly ~ COPy tro~ 1r dron's 

contri~ut1on in Pascal ~e.sletter ~7. 

-N1 t h r el a r d 

t!ser ,-v'anua L 

to the ~efinitlon of Pascal in Pascal 

anD ~eport the tollo~iny restrlctlons hole: 

nacke1 d~ta structJres Hr€ only lTrle~entea tor 

( 

Char~ctpr arrR~S 3l~ays P8Cken, t~o cnarls/.or~ 

and tor toolpan arrays 

( cacki"~ ortio1al, 

one ~oolean/bit ). Ihe procedures racw and lJnuaCk 

are n0t ;mplernenteJ. 

only local ju~ps are allo~e~. 

a 8air ot r)roce~ures, i\ar~ anc r€lp~se, to allotate 

and j~allocate aynd~ic storaae. 

Ih~ followina extensl~n$ have ceen ;~'Lle~enteo: 

R,X-11' or IAS. (DEC-10 crosscorrpiler unjer TuP~-1U). 

PrOhably it is an easY task to replace tne kS. 

interfacino routines .ith ne. ones intertaclnu "uS 

or "T-11. ~e 00 not plan to 00 that .or~ here: 

MaYbe routines to interface olth R,~-11S .ill be maoe. 

4 DISTRIBUTION 

Jhe co~oilers are available at no cost if tapes are 

supolied. Thp olstrioution set contains source an0 object 

modules ot the compilers ana the runtime liorary, 

command files for co~piler generation and n,alntenance, 

user manual and comp; ler ger'erat;o~ instructions. 

f~nction results can De ot ro"scalar type, 

( 

arrays ..,ith unspecified t'ourlcs t1ut sp~cit;ej 

) 

;nie.-structure 

Cij~ be usee as for~al ~dranietprs 

to proceaures, allo~ino oifferently ceclarea 

v~rid~les or const~nts as actLal ~draneters, 

a strine para;l,pter ty~e has hepr ~ntroa~ceo 1n ~"ich 

one-j1mensional Char3cter arrays or suostrin~s t~erpot 

~a) oe passed d~ t'ara~Pters. ~uC" ~trlnlS an1 thpif 

constltuent c~~racters Hre consioereu a~ "redO only", 

croce~ufes ~ay te to~o1le0 sep~rAtely, 

seoarltely CO'IIPll~' croceoures c~n re dtCeSsea 

t"rOu~h a decldration ~;th tne r'roceoure bloCk 

fp.Dl:.tced DY "exten,u.

he comoilers are ~ritten irl Pascal, anD Doth f\dVe 

tne sa~e source code ex cent for two separately 

cOmpiLeJ routines. Tne crosscompi ler is gen..rateo 

wnen tn.. n~C-1U Pascal compiler from ~amoury compiles 

the source. .hen ,t then co~p,l..s its..lf the 

POP-l1 version ;s created. 

Tne size at the compiler is ~G~words of cooe. in a 

POP-11 runnina unaer Nsx-11~ V2 ani. ~2 ~.ords are 

availa~le for code and oata. lhrouon a sli~nt modification 

of tne overlay loadino routine of P5x-11~ ,t nas 

oeen oossitle to 5eg~ent the very recursive cUlnpiler. 

It no. fits in a j2 (woros partition and uses auout 

I(lIoIorjs for coee le31/;f"\Q 1\) "-wordS tor Jata. 

'-2 

This ;s enouah to compile ta,rly large programs. 

Ho~ever, the overlay ~ethdnis" ~akes the COpn~1lerslo~, 

aoout lJO lines I minute .itn NPI'4-con,ratiole ,j'SkS, 

less .ith ~KU5 ais~s. .ith PSX-11~ v3 using PL~S ana a 

64K partition th.. speep is increased '-11) ti'TIes. 

RI:LlAlHLI 

TY 

~xcellent. The compiler is now in heavy use at three 

sites, ana is usea at four more. !~o errOrs have neen 

founo during tne last t.o ~ontns. 

Ihe crosscomp,ler for PCP-11 runninq on DEC-1u 

oroducejby bran et at ~as used as input. MS mentioned 

earlier, tn,s compiler .as mOGi1ied to nenerate otject 

code lin~able unaer N5x-11~ ana to oive access to 

tne file systetn of RSx-11~.~Jtlen t~e crosscomp1ler ~as 

finishej it compiled itself anD the co~niler .as t~us 

transferred to POP-11. 

lhe i~olementat10n effort until no~ 15 aCDut b ~janmont~s. 

;-1a y D e a n e .. ve r s i o,n 'I'll 11; c h per for m s S O~.e 0;1t ; IT! ; Z at; 0 n 

.ill p. develored later. 

7. STANDARD. Restrictions: Files not implemented (except input and output); jumps out of 

procedures not allowed; packed only implemented for one-dimensional character 

arrays(always packed) and one-dimensionalboolean arrays (packing optional); procedure 

"dispose"not implemented(procedures'mark' and 'release'will sufficefor nested 

allocation and deallocation).Extensions: function results can be of non-scalar type; 

arrays with unspecified bounds can be passed as parameters to procedures; several added 

standard procedures, including a pair to obtain and set the value of device-register 

memory locations; procedures may be declared in the outer block to be associated with 

specified interrupt sources; a string parameter type has been introduced in which 

one-dimensional character arrays or substrings thereof may be passed as actual parameters 

(such strings and their constituent characters are considered as "read-only". 

8. MEASUREMENTS.(* No information provided. *) Reported to be "quite fit for real time 

applications". 

9. RELIABILITY. Good. (* Number of sites using system not reported. *) First distributed 

in 75/12. 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Cross-compiler running on DEC-lO producing code for any PDP-ll. 

Developed from Pascal-Po (* Person-hours to develop system not reported. *) 

11. LIBRARYSUPPORT. (* No information provided. *) 

DEC POP-II 

(Vienna) 

------------------- 

Csterrelchische 

~!l:!cti~':'SiI~~.Et_lls~haftfur Atomenergle Ges.m.b. H. 

Lenaugasse 10 . A-1082 WIEN . Austria 

Pascal User's Group 

c/o Andy Michel 


227 Exp Engr 



USA 

@ 

Institut fur Physik 

Forschungu8ntrum 5elb8radorf 

Telefon: (02254)201,781" 

Telex: 014/353 

Telegramm: austratom wien 

BankYerbindungen 

CA- Bankverein: 26-34343/02 

E.o. Spar-Casse: 100-94709 

Osterr. Landerbank: 106.10()..432 

Ihr Zaldlen Ihre Nachricht yom 

Unser Zalchan Sedlbearbeiter Telefon (DurdlWehl) 

Datum 

PH/May/HA 1977 OR 01 

. 

DEC PDP-ll (Twente) 

------------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. C. Bron; Twente University of Technology; P.O. Box 

217; Enschede, Netherlands; 05420-99111;TELEX: 44200. 

2. MACHINE. DEC-lO cross-compilerproducing code for any PDP-ll. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. No operating system requirements. 

requirements not reported. *) 

4. DISTRIBUTION.Available on DECtape or 9 track mag tape free of charge. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. Machine retrievable documentation package. 

(* Minimum hardware 

6. MAINTENANCE. We intend to correct reported errors for the next few years. Error 

reports and updates will be sent at irregular intervals to all those who have received the 

compiler. unless otherwise requested. 

We have just recently joined the PASCAL Users Group and want to tell you 

about the work concerning PASCAL and its applications in our data-processing 

group, especially 

1.) that we have implemented P.B. Hansen's Sequential Pascal compiler in 

the POP-11 Operating System RSX11-M and RT11. 

2.) why we choose just this compiler 

3.) something about the new design of the compiler 

4.) what we are just working on and what we plan to do. 

ad 2.) We needed a high level programming tool for process control. 

scanning and analyzing data and so on. Our principal concern 

was system security and flexibility. 

(One of the main applications being in safety control). 

The advantages of P.B. Hansen's Pascal compiler are~ 

It is the only compiler we know~ running in the original 

version without any bugs. Anyone concerned with compilers 

that are not supported by any maintainer will appreciate 

this. 

--c 

:J> 

G> 

rT1 

00 

V"I

The concept is clear and easy to understand. This enables 

you to modify or extend the compiler for your special purposes. 

The concept of a "virtual machine" makes you almost independent 

from machine and Operating System. 

The complete interface to the Operating System is contained 

in a simple program prefix. This seems to be the greatest 

advantage. 

The few restrictions' to "Standard Pascal" did not matter that 

much to us. 

ad 3.) One of the most difficult tasks was to design a suitable set 

of prefix routines (as an interface to RSX instead of the 

Solo Operating System of P.B. Hansen). These prefix routines 

are system functions that manage for example reading, writing 

and ov.erlay loading. 

Our main principle of design was to be as simple and clear 

as possible so that 

the programmer can learn to use the new interface as quick 

as possible. 

even in extreme cases it is obvious vJhat happens 

I/O is efficient (time and core/discspace). 

To put this concept through ~equires a lot of courage. for 

the users often want an I/O system as complex as they are 

used to from other programming languages (FORTRAN!). Moreover, 

RSX has a very sophisticated filesystem and it is har'd to 

implement it in the PASCAL-system and not to use all the 

complex functions it contains. 

As an example, look at the way files are handled by the 

new prefix. Only two types of files are supported: 

sequential textfiles and random access files with a fixed 

record length of 512 bytes. 

There are three groups of prefix routines for the file handling: 

1.) routines for file definition: 

PROCEDURE PAGEFILE(U: UNIT; F:FILENAME) , 

PROCEDURETEXTFILE(U: UNIT; F:FILENAME), 

with 

the type definition 

CoNST FILENAMELENGTH = 30, 

TYPE FILENAME = ARRAY [1..FILENAMELENGTHJ OF CHAR, 

CDNST MAXUNIT = 

4, 

TYPE UNIT = 1..MAXUNIT, 

These routines associate a page- or textfile with an unit 

number. 

2.) file management routines: 

PROCEDURE 

PROCEDURE 

PROCEDURE 

PROCEDURE 

PROCEDURE 

CREATE(U: UNIT, INITIALSIZE: INTEGER, C: CONTIGDUSTYPE), 

CREATETEMPDRARY 

(U: UNIT, INITIALSIZE: INTEGER, C: CoNTIGoUSTYPE), 

oPEN(U:UNIT, ACCESS: FILEACCESS), 

CLoSE(U: UNIT), 

DELETE(U: UNIT), 

"Create" and "create temporary" create a new file and "open" 

opens an existing file. 

"contigoustype7J and "fileaccess" define the method of allocation 

and access. 

TYPE FILEACCESS = (READoNLY,MooIFY,EXTEND,APPENo,REAOSHAREo), 

TYPE 

CoNTIGOUSTYPE 

= 

(NoNCoNTIGoUS,CDNTIGDUS), 

3.) routines for reading and writing 

CONST PAGELENGTH = 512, 

TYPE PAGE = ARRAY [1. .PAGELENGTH JOF CHAR, 

CONST LINE LENGTH = 

132, 

TYPE LINE = ARRAY [1..LINELENGTH ] OF CHAR, 

PROCEDURE REAOPAGE(U: UNIT, N: INTEGER, VAR BLOCK: PAGE), 

PROCEDURE WRITEPAGE(U: UNIT, N: INTEGER, VAR BLOCK: PAGE); 

PROCEDURE REAOCHAR(U: UNIT, VAR C: CHAR), 

PROCEDURE WRITECHAR(U: UNIT, C: CHAR), 

PROCEDURE REAoLINElU: UNIT, VAR TEXT: UN IV LINE), 

PROCEDURE WRITELINE(U: UNIT; TEXT: UN IV LINE); 

"readpage" and "writepage" are for random access pagefiles. 

The other routines are for sequential textfiles. Instead 

of the type "page" any other type with the same length can 

be used. 

We don't claim to have invented new functions. On the contrary 

we have omittedas muchas possiblefromthe RSX-filesystem 

options without restricting its feasibility for the PASCAL user. 

But how to work with those simple I/O routines? 

A goodpracticewill be the followingone: 

The programmer chooses 

nee~s. These operators 

Pascal. The programmer 

writes them himself or 

An example for such a set will be: 

a set of "I/O-operators"for his special 

are procedures and functions written in 

takes them out of a programlibraryor 

modifies existing programs for his purposes. 

procedure readinteger (var n: integer~ length: integer); 

procedure writeinteger (n: integer. length: integer), 

procedure skipdelimiter; procedure newline; 

and so on 

The procedure read integer does what you expect: 

It read.s an integer "n" with at most "length" characters from 

the input stream ending with the next delimiter. 

The only systemroutine used is "read one character from an 

inputstream". In Pascal procedures like readinteger can easily 

be written. If the programmer is in doubt what the program 

really does~ one glance at the pascal source program (instead 

of considering twenty rules in a manual) obviously will explain it. 

This method is the best one to meet the need for structured, 

modular, [Drtabel and flexibel programs. 

ad 4.) A Pascal version for easily programming CAMAC Systems is under 

work and will ~e running summer 1977. 

The implementationof Concurrent Pascal in the Operating System 

RSX11M using the task synchronisation facilities of RSX11M will 

be completed at the end of the year. 

Afterwards we are planning to use (Concurrent) Pascal and the 

conditional critical regions-concept for multiprocessing 

applications (with microprocessors Intel 8080). 

If you are interested in our work~ please write to us. 

Sincerely 

yours~ 

H,{\I(tI'j l(l{)(/( \ 

oipl.-Ing. 

K. Mayer 

en 

rr1 

""0 

--I 

rr1 

3 

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00 

m

DEC PDP-Il (Belgium) 

------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. Pierre Verbaeten; 

Mathematics and ProgrammingDivision; Celestijnenlaan 200B, 

(* No phone number provided. *) 

2. MACHINE. Digital Equipment Corp. PDP-Il. 

K. V. Leuren; 

B-3030; Heverlee, 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.UNIX. (* Minimum hardware requirementsnot reported. *) 

4. DISTRIBUTION. (* No informationprovided. *) 




8. MEASUREMENTS. (* No informationprovided. *) 

9. RELIABILITY. (* No informationprovided. *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. (* No information provided. *) 


Applied 

Belgium; 

DEC POP-II (Portland) 

-------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAI~ER.Barry Smith, Oregon Museum of Science and 

Technology, Computing Department, 4015 SW Canyon Road, Portland, OR 97221 (503/248-5923). 

2. MACHINE. Digital Equipment Corp. PDP-ll. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.RSTS/E. (* Minimum hardware requirementsnot reported. *) 









DEC PDP-II (Berkeley) 

--------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Charles Haley, 

Computer Center, Evans Hall, University of CalHornia 

(* No phone number provided. *) 

2. MACHINE. Digital Equipment Corp. PDP-Il. 

William Joy, and Ken Thompson, 

Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.UNIX. (* Minimum hardware configurationnot reported. *) 


5. DOCUMENTATION. We at PUGN have received "MANual" documentation (machine readable). 

Also available are: UNIX Pascal "Report Appendix", UNIX Pascal "User Manual", and "PXP 

User Manual". (* These are apparently machine readable. *) 


7. STANDARD. Restrictions:procedures and functions may not be passed as parameters; only 

the first parameter to NEW is treated - subsequent parameters are ignored. A compiler 

option directs the compiler to accept only Standard Pascal constructs. 

8. MEASUREMENTS. (* We have been told that the system is quite fast, even though it is 

interpreted. No other measurementshave been reported. *) 


10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Parsing is done by a modified LALR parser. Object code is 

interpretedvia threaded code. 


DEe PDP-ll (PAR) 

--------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Michael N Condict; PAR Corporation; On The 'isll; 

Rome, NY 13440; 315/ 336-8400. 

2. MACHINE. Digital Equipment Corp. PDP-II/45. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.RSX-Ild. Minimum hardware same as for RSX. 

4. DISTRIBUTION.None until at least 77/06. 

5. DOCUMENTATION.None yet. (* Not known if documentationwill be machine retrievable. *) 

6. MAINTENANCE.None yet. 

7. STANDARD. Full Standard, probably with extensions. 

8. MEASUREMENTS.Expected to be about 5000 FORTRAN source lines and 3000 Pascal source 

lines. Expected to run rings around FORTRAN compiler. (* Rich Cichelli reports on 77/08/31 

that it is a 2 pass system in wh~ch the code generated is faster than the 19 (!) pass 

optimizer for William Wulf POP-II Fortran! *) 

9. RELIABILITY. Will not be distributed until it is. 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. One pass Pascal to FORTRAN translator. Initial version of each 

procedure written in Pascal and then hand translated into FORTRAN. When compiler is 

finished or can compile itself it will be restored to its original Pascal in a massive 

inverse translation,and then run through itself, thus completing the bootstrap. Currently 

(76/12/14) project has consumed about 4 person-months. Expected to consume 6 to 9 

person-monthsin all (with 1 person devoting half-time). Implementor previously built a 

compiler for a subset of Pascal for a class project, but has never written any program 

this large before. 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. (* No informationprovided. *) 

00 

'oJ

DEC L~I-ll (San Diego) 

------------ 

1. 'IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. Pascal Group; Institute for Information Systems; 

UCSD Hailcode C-021; La Jolla, CA 92093; (* No phone number reported. *). 

2. MACKINE. Digital Equipment Corp. LSI-ll Microprocessor,PDP-ll any model, TEKAK 8510 

and 8510A. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. Carnes with a one-user operating system. Apparently requires sorne 

mass storage (disk or floppy disk). 

4. DISTRIBUTION.Distributed on floppy disk in two versions: 

including all source code and internal documentation ($200); 

including system code and users manual ($50). 

1) Complete release: 

and 2) Code release: 

5. DOCUMENTATION.For complete release: compiled listings of all source code, and user 

and system maintainence documentationas complete as it exists. For code release: Users 

manual but no detailed system docu~entatlon.Do~umentation is machine retrievable. 

6. MAINTENANCE. For complete release: compiler updates at least 3 times during 77/8/1 

thru 78/8/1. For code release: No continued support for later releases. Only minimal 

~sslstance in response to telephone inquiries. Future plans: plan to have a version of 

this system for the Zilog Z-80 ready. Plan to have versions for Intel 8080a ready by 77/9, 

HOS Technology 6502, and Motorola 6800 ready by summer of 1978. 

7. STANDARD. Pascal-P subset plus strings. 

8. MEASUREMENTS. 700 lines per minute compile speed. 20K byte compiler, 10K bytes for 

resident monitor, interpreter,and run-time support. 

9. RELIABILITY.Reported good. First released on 77/8/1. 

10. DEVELOPMENT METKOD. Pascal-P2 via B6700, PDP-ll/IO bootstraps. 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. Extensive graphics software, text editor, text forlnatter, pretty 

printer, all in Pascal. 

DEC POP-II 

------- 

(Urbana) 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. 

Implementors: 

A.I. Stocks 

Dept. of Computer Science 

University of SW Louisiana 

P. O. Box 4330 

Lafayette, LA 70509 

318/ 233-3850 x538 

Distributor: 

J. Krishnswamy 


University of Illinois--Urbana 

Urbana, IL 61801 

217/ 333-4428 

Pascal-II; c/o M.D. Mickunas; 222 Digital Computer Lab; University of Illinois - Urbana; 

Urbana, IL 61801; 217/ 333-6351. 

2. HACKINE. Digital Equipment Corp. PDP-ll/20 or up. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.Operates under our own operating system, which grew out of DEC's 

DOS/V4. In case you desire to install Pascal-lIon your own version of DOS, we also 

provide a list of DOS/V4 modifications.We believe that these modifications are sufficient 

for adapting DOS/V4 to Pascal-II, but we can, of course, make no guarantees.We caution 

that these modificationsare not sufficient for installing Pascal-lIon other operating 

systems, but your DOS expert should be able to make the neccessary modifications using our 

DOS/V4 modificationsas a guide. 

Hardware requirements are: 

PDP-ll/20 or up. 

28K words of addressable core store. 

either a DEC RF-ll or a DEC RK-ll. 

(In case you have aome other disk, your DOS expert should have little trouble replacing 

our disk driver with your own.) 

a DECtape unit (we can supply the system only on DECtapes). 

4. DISTRIBUTION. While our Pascal-II &ystem is not yet complete enough for widespread 

distribution, we are happy to make it available on a limited basis to interested persons. 

Our distribution package includes: 

1) Pascal-II source of the Pascal-II compiler. 

2) MACRO-II source of the Pascal-II run-time routines. 

3) Binary for both the compiler and the run-time routines. 

4) Binary for our operating system. 

If you are interested in obtaining this software, please send the following to the 

distributor: 

1) Three OECtapes (these must be in POP-II format). 

2) A statement of your intended uses.* 

3) One signed copy of Prof. Snyders enclosed letter.* 

4) A stamped, self addressed mailer for returning your OECtapes (total 

weight is about 900g (2 pounds». 

*The Pascal-II compiler was developed at the University of Illinois 

Urbana and is copyrighted by its Board of Trustees. The work was supported in part by a 

grant from the National Science Foundation. Accordingly, distribution is made to any 

interested persons orpartles who intend to use this software for "research, education, or 

other legitimate purposes." The NSF requires that we inform them of those receiving this 

software and their intended uses of it. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. Unfortunately, very sparse at present (77/01/21)but we shall include 

in the distributionpackage all that is available. (* This is apparently not machine 

retrievable. *) 

6. MAINTENANCE. Since the project under which the compiler was developed has expired, we 

have no source of funds for maintaining and upgrading the compiler. Consequently, we offer 

Pascal-ll 'as-is', with no plans to extend it or to implement it on another system. 

7. STANDARD. 

Differences: 

1twith". unimplemented. 

types real and set unimplemented. 

variant records not permitted. 

procedures-as-parameters not permitted. 

writeln, readln not implemented 

EOL feature still included. 

Extens ions: 

compile time options. 

source level library routines. 

overlays. 


compilation speed--(* No information reported. *) 

compilation space--(* No information reported. *) 

execution speed--(* No information reported. *) 

execution space--(* No information reported. *) 

9. RELIABILITY. (* Information on reliability not reported.Number of sites using system 

not reported. Date first released not reported. *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METKOD. (* No information provided. *) 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. Source level library routines are implemented. 

ex> 

ex>

UNIVERSITAT HAMBURG 

IN STITUT FC R 

INFORMATIK 

Dear Mr. Mickel, 

laltltut 

,., laIor_tUt 

1 Hamb.,. Ii, SdllllentraBe 66- n 

Prof. Dr. H.-H. Na~el 

, 

_, 040.4123-4151 

9.09(.) }.,..,...... 

May 16, 1977 

as I have indicated by a letter mailed on February 14, 1977 our 

DECSystem-l0 Pascal compiler of December 30, 1976 is now distributed 

by DECUS. Mr. Nigel Derrett from Aarhus/Denmark pointed out one 

error in our PASCAL implementation of December 30, 1976: The attempt 

to pack a variable of a subrange type that requires exactly 35 bits - 

one less than an entire word - may result in an infinite loop. 

Another, although minor, bug is connected with reading from TTY: 

in order to avoid unnecess~y prompting of input during opening input 

from the TTY, the compiler checks whether any reading from TTY 

is requested during a program. The asterisk - prompting input to 

fill the first TTY-buffer - will only appear, if input from the TTY 

will be requested somewhere in the program. Unfortunately, arguments 

of standard procedures have not been included in this test. Therefore, 

if input from TTY appears within a program only as first arf,ument 

to GETFILENAME, the input device TTY will not be opened automatically. 

An easy way around this weak point consists in inclusion 

of, e.g., a statement READLN(TTY). 

Both errors will be removed in the next compiler version which, however, 

may take some time. I would like to investigate means to further 

optimize code generation by e.g. improving the allocation and 

use of registers. Since any change at such a sensitive area has to 

be made very carefully, it will take some time. 

A PASCAL cross compiler running on the DECSystem-l0 and generatinf 

code for a German minicomputer Dietz MINCAL 621 is currently being 

converted to software paging of procedures: the pure code of procedure 

bodies is allocated in 128 Byte pages that may be loaded from disk 

to a certain core area and may be overwritten if that core area is 

needed. The nesting of 131 simple procedures has been successfully 

tested to verify the loading, overwriting and reloading of procedure 

bodies into core. Next we want to implement the PASCAL-S system 

(which is already available by a non-paging cross compiler for this 

MINCAL-621) by this new software paging PASCAL system and to compare 

its performance with paging versus the one without paging. 

A compiler for Concurrent PASCAL has been developed by a group of 

students at our-Iab-orat-ory Tn"collaboration with II. Kernen and myself. 

This is an implement8tion completely independent from that 

of Brinch-Hansen for the PDP-ll/45. Our Concurrent Pascal compiler 

is executed as a PASCAL program on the DECSystem-l0 and generates 

code for a hypothetical intermediate machine which has been designed 

to facilitate easy code generation for Byte-oriented minicomputers. 

Two code generators have been implemented, one for the MINCAL-621 

and one for the INTERDATA M85. Using this Concurrent Pascal implementation 

an assembler program to control our TV-periphery connected 

to the HINCAL-621 has been reimplemented as a system of Concurrent 

Pascal processes. The ease of desi~ning a process system for actual 

applications in Concurrent Pascal has encouraged us to proceed with 

DEC-I0 

the idea to proGram our local inhomogeneous computer networi: (two 

different MINCAL-621, a PDP-ll/20 and a PUP-l0) in Concurrent Pascal. 

A code generator for the PUP-l0 has just been completed and is currently 

being tested. In the course of writing a code generator for 

the PDP-l0 (36 bits per word) we realized some of the shortcominss 

in the def~nition of the intermediate hypothetical machine which 

was originally conceived for byte-oriented machines. 

Nevertheless, we have already executed a system of Concurrent Pascal 

processes on the PUP-l0 and another one which communicated from one 

~INCAL-621 to another. 

Our Concurrent Pascal Compiler is described in a report (in German): 

CO:JCURRENT PASCAL Compiler fur Kleinrechner 

B. BrJgge, B. Gisch, Th. Kahl, H. Linde, M. Mittelstein. II. 

vie s t phal 

IfI-HII-B-30/76 (December 1976) 

(Hamburg-DECUS) 

---------------------- 

Sincerely 

yours, 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. Implementor/Maintainer: E. Kisicki; H. -H. Nagel; 

Universtat Hamburg; Institut fur Informatik; SchluterstraBe 66-72; D-2000 Hamburg 13, 

Germany; 040-4123-4151; TELEX: 214 732 uni hh d. Distributor: DECUS; Maynard, MA 01754; 

USA; 617/ 897-5111; TELEX: 94 8457; TWX: 710 347 0212. 

2. MACKI~E. Digital Equipment Corp. DEC-I0. (Adapted to the DEC-20 by DEC). 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.DEC TOPS-I0 moniter usi~g Concise Command Language (CCL). Uses 

KA-I0 instructionset. Modifications to use KI-I0 improved instructionset have been made 

by Charles Kedrick. 

4. DISTRIBUTION. DECUS (Digital Equipment Corp. User's Society) Maynard MA 01754 

(617/897-5111;TWX 710-3470212;TELEX948457). Also DECUS Europe, P.O.Box 340, 

CH-1211Geneva26, Switzerland«022) 42 79 50; TELEX22593). 

5. DOCUMENTATION.Machine retrievablemanual included on distribution tape. 

6. MAINTENANCE.No regular maintainance can be given. 

7. STANDARD. Extensions: Functions FIRST and LAST for scalars; UPPERBOUND and LOWERBOUND 

for arrays; KIN and Max available as standard functions; procedures to determine the value 

of CCL options available; "OTHERS" in ~ statement; LOOP...EXIT IF...END statement; 

Initializationprocedure. 


9. RELIABILITY. Very good. First version released in 75/7. Distributed to at least 60 

sites. Later version operational in 76/9. Latest version released to DECUS in 71/2. 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Pascal-P2 and subsequent self bootstraps. Latest version dated 

76/12/30. 

11. LIBRARY 

source-level 

relocatable 

routines. 

SUPPORT. Symbolic post-mortem dump available. Interactive run-time 

debugging package available. Separate compilation and inclusion in 

object code library of Pascal, FORTRAN, COBOL, ALGOL, and !1ACRO-I0assembler 

'1*: 

....... 

a 

00 

tD

DEC-10 

(Systems-Pascal) 

--------- 

Charles Hedrick wrote (received 77/07/28), 

'~he version of PASCAL described herein 

answers most of the criticisms that caused me originally to declare it useless. The lack 

of strings and variable-sizearrays is still a bother, but not serious. I chose to do all 

this to PASCAL because SAIL (the alternativevehicle) is too baroque to contemplate. My 

design goals were to give the PASCAL programmer access to all the facilities of the system 

- 

(1) in a manner that is not too badly machine-dependent nor requires him to know 

assembly language, but (2) in a manner that does not require a complex system of runtimes, 

e.g., one that simulates the OS/360 access methods. I believe the results have been 

successful. I'm still not sure whether it would be usable for hard-core data processing 

(ala COBOL), but it comes close. Mainly it is missing tape label processing and ISAM data 

sets. But one can now get the operating system to handle tape labels (PULSAR), and ISAM is 

not a primitive concept, at least for the 10." 

DECsystem-10 Swstem Programmers' PASCAL - an alter.ative PASCAL 

swstem for those who need full access to the facilities of TOPS-iO, 

or who want to do data processing. 

III Charles L. Hedrick, Computer Science Dept., Rut.ers Universit~, 

New Brunswick, N.J. Ot~03 

121 PDP-IO, KI-I0 and KL-I0 CPUs onl~. Probabl~ PDP-20, with minor 

changes. 

(3) TOPS-IO operating s~stem. Virtual memory 6.01 or later monitor 

reQuired. One minor feature reQuires 6.02. 

141 The latest stable version is distributed throu.h DECUS. The most 

recent experimental version can be obtained from me directly Cat the 

above address), if YOU send a blank mast ape and return postage. 

151 A supplement to the Revised Report is included in the 

distribution in machine-readable form. 

(6) I am currentlw maintail')ins it Bild will continue to do 50 fer the 

for5eeable future, but I probably will not do further development 

work (i.e. adding features). I hope this version will be superceded 

b~ an improved version from Hamburg. 

(7) GO TO out of the current procedure is not supported. (Trick~ to 

implement, and a terrible idea anyway.) Local files not implemented. 

(No ECS on a DEC-l0 and simulation with randomly- named files seems 

IJnattractive. ) 

(8) Compiler plus interactive debug~ins packase (PASDDT) and a 

librar~ of useful system functions. COffiPletel8 intesrated into CCl 

I COMPILI. 

(9) The compiler is auite reliable. The runtimes are reliable for 

standard PASCAL. and the most commonly-used extensions. Some obscure 

COrf)eT'Sof the extensions have not beell well tested (mostly those 

involvif)g user error recovery). 

(10) Modified version of tt,e Hamburg (NaSel) compiler. "fhe latter 

was done from some edi'lion of PASCAl-P, I believe, in several staSes. 

I did not start out 

Rather I wanted to 

NaS 1 would adopt t 

off cial DEC~wsteffi- 

Bva lable from DECU 

but in the mealltilne 

i ntE.'rrd :i.ns 

est out a 

asp that 

PASCAl... 

° ). I bel 

I ani publ 

to have my own version of PASCAL. 

few ideas, with the hope that Prof. 

urned out to work, for use i the 

which he maint ins, a d whic is 

eve this will appen n the onS run, 

shins row e}:per encas n tile ope that 

it w 11 he I 

p T'ob ems. 

ned. ntende 

recommend h 

tht~~:j absolu 

astE.'risk (* 

ottJer F'ASCAl ilTlPlemen'lorswho are confrontins similar 

hus ttlis note is directed at fellow implementors, and is 

as an adv8T'tisBment for otJr version. (Indeed I 

~hls ttlat(Ittler people use tt}eHambur~ version unless 

els reGuire some of our features.) In the followins, an 

indicates a feature not ir) the edition we submitted to 

DECUS. A plus SiSff (f) indicates a feature present in the Hamburs 

veT'sinn. I don-'t want to tak(-~ cr(.:~(.iit for them!'but thousht othc-?r 

implementors misht like to know abolJt them. 

(1) INITPROCEDURE(f): These specif~ initial values for variables. 

TI'le~do f)ot cC)ITIPilecode, but put .the values in the initial co~e 

imsse dil'ectl~. INITPROCEDURE BEGIN (assisnment statements) END. 

(2) OTHERS in case statement(f): OTHERS: (statement> will catch an~ 

cases not fittif)~ Bllswt\ereelse. 

(3) l_OOP(f>: Allows a loop with exactlw one exit if) the middle. 

that this is still a one-in-one-out construct. lOOP (statements) 

IF ; (statements) END 

C4> Program sta'lemelll(f). There was some Question wt1at tile PROGRAM 

statement should do in interactive implementations. I believe 

Hamburg's solution is a Sood one. If al18 files are listed in the 

PROGRAM statement, the proS ram begins with a dialoSue asking for 

specifications for them. It is important that this dialoSue can be 

suppressed b~ not listinS any files. This ~ives the program the 

option of settills the file names in some other waY al')dspecifyinS 

them to ttle RESET (J~' REWRITE directly. This follows my 

Note 

EXIT 

BASIC DESIGN PRINCIPLE: It should be possible to write a proS ram 

that cannot be identified by its users as a PASCAL prosram~ I.e. one 

should be able to take over error handlins and file specifying if 

dt~s i r'€-~d. 

(3) ~Jnteractive. files: RESET does af) implicit GET in official 

PASCAl,.. This causes PASCAL prosrams to try to read from the user-'s 

terminal before startins ttle pr~JSram wtlerlit is INPUT. That makes it 

impossible for the prosram tC) outP~Jt a prompting messaSe first, or to 

write a pro0ram that doesll't ~'lavetel'mirlal if)PIJtat ~~ll+ Most 

tmplemen'tati()ns on inter'active sy~;tem~~allow one to ~;pecify a file as 

interactive+ Tt\ef) whellit is RESET, no GET is done. Instead the 

buffer is filled Wittl nlill (il')our case) or blankCfor 'the CYBER, 

which doesn-'t have a null), and EUlN is set. This ability is also 

useful for mastapes!' whel'e one misht wish to issue a positioning 

command (space forward? rewj,nd, etc.> before doif)g tile first GET+ 

The CYBER specifies fj,les as interactive by puttins a.slash (\) after 

t~1eil'naiRaif) the PRociRAM statement. We make this an option 

specified if) the RESET statemeflt. (See below.) PuttinS it in the 

RESET st~temer)t is helpful since rIot all files are listed in our 

PROGRAM ~itatemef)t. In our'implementatioll' the user's terminal is the 

spe{~i21 file TTY!' and is alwa~'s iflteractive. 

(6) Erldo'fIj.f)e: l.tle Revised Report seems to reauire us to set tile 

buffer t(J blank at PI')dof lif)e. Alas, the DEC-tO has several 

lir)p-.tprrnil"latoT' characters. Ti'IUSone cannot tell which one has 

l)ccurred+ We p~J'l ttleactlJaltermif)atorif)the buffer. A blank seems 

useful fOI' those systems that do f)ot ilave line-terminator characters 

le.S. CYBERJ. Pro.rams that use IF EOLN THEN READLN will work either 

WaYf (Our READlN also sk.ips ttle line feed if the initial terminator 

is car'r':i.a~.~(~' rf:..'t.urn.) ~d-f. -tk...:t \:t (e9u.~r~~ i~t. GET's ic .~k~f (..'- 

ca.,-ri"S

(7) End of file: In PASCAL EOF is normallw false for input and true 

for output. This lack of swmmetrw complicates the I/O runtimes 

needlessly, confuses users, and makes the implementation of update 

mode difficult. In update mode, one can do both GET and PUT on the 

same file. However, if EOF is true, GET will Sive an error, and if 

EOF is false, PUT will Sive an error. We have not reallw solved this 

problem. Fprtunatel~ under most circumstances PUTX is used rather 

than PUT in update mode. 

(B) I/O to strinSs. STRSET(file,arraw[,start[,end)J) allows resular 

input to be done from the arraw, startins at element start and ~oinS 

throuSh end. Similarl~ STRWRITE for output. This allows conversion 

from text to inteser and visa versa usins tt,estandard READ and 

WRITE. It also ~rovides a sort of poor man's simulation of files in 

ECS (which we don't have). I am not enthusiastic about this feature, 

however, and would be happy to see it go away. One must reauire that 

the arra~ be declared at tt'B same lexical level as the file, be 

~lobal to it, or be on the heap. Otherwise one could exit the block 

where the arra~ is defined and have the f:ilf.~p,oint:in~.:f into n()where. 

(9) READ BPplied to strinSs: READlfile,arraw[:lenSth var) will read 

chal'8cters il1to the arra~ ulltil the 11ext end of line. This is reall~ 

amazin~l~ useful for conductins dialoSues with the user. The 

altel'natiye seems to be to I'eouire strin~ Quotes to delimit the 

strin~, or doin. somethinS like READ(file,arraw:set[:lenSthJ), where 

the user specifies a set of break characters. The idea of strin~ 

Quotes is yerw tacky, impedinS the contruction of simple dialogues. 

The break set idea is a ~ood one, that we Just have ~ott~n aro'Jnd to. 

If a variable is specified after the colon, it is set to the number 

of characters read. If more characters are t~ped than the size of 

the arra~, the extras are iSnored (but counted in lensth, so the 

proSram can tell what tlas happended). If too few are twped, the rest 

of the arraw is filled wilh blanks. 

(10) RESET Bnd REWRITE: Our RESET and REWRITE are 

REWRITE(file[,filespec[,implementation-dependent stuff))) and 

RESET (fi l~:~[, , 

'fi 

1.~sPE~c[ int(~ T'acti ye'?[ 

,imp lenlentation-dependentJ JJ} 

Filespec is a strinS (PACKED ARRAY OF CHAR) of anw lenSth, includins 

a literal in strin~ ouotes. It contains a device/file specification 

in the standard DEC-l0 format. Interactiye is true to suppress the 

implicit GET, as described above. The implementation-dependent stuff 

allows the user to control protection, version number, date, I/O 

mode, bufferinS, etc. In particular, it allows him to specify 

buffered Dr unbuffered I/O (*), and to declare that the file is 

blocked lin the COBOL sense) (*). It also allows him to SUPpress the 

normal runtime error messaSe5. ERSTATCfile) can then be used to see 

wJlat errors, if arlY, occurred. 

(11) Variable size records(*): One can declare a file to consist of 

a t~pe that involves variants. Then one can use 

GETCfile[,variantJt..[:sizeJ), and 5iffiilal'1~for PUT. As with NEW, 

this causes onl~ tt)e appropriate number of words to be read or 

written. :size is used when the last element in the declaration is 

an arraY. It specifies that onlw the first (size> elements are to be 

used. ~()(TSLoc.\.(' (~';\~ I s"'l'r > GEl?) qe.\s -\.. ~ b~~,"\l~ 0\ ~l,.e 

,,0.,,\ 

1"",

8. MEASUREMENTS. The pure code of procedure bodies is allocated in 128 byte pages that 

may be loaded from disk to a certain core area and may be overwritten if that core area is 

needed. (* No informationprovided on compilation speed, or execution speed or space.*) 

9. RELIABILITY. (* No informationprovided. *) The nesting of 131 simple procedures has 

been successfully tested to verify the loading, overwritingand reloading of procedure 

bodies into core. 

10. DEVELOPMENTMETHOD. Cross-compileron the DEC-I0 that generates code for the Dietz 

MINCAL 621 minicomputer. 


FOXBORO 

Fox-l 

--------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Bob Matherne; 

Foxboro, MA 02035; 6171 543-8750. 

Jim Pownell; The Foxboro Company; 

2. MACHINE. Foxboro Fox-l (16-bit minicomputer designed primarily for industrial process 

control applications). 


4. DISTRIBUTION. (* No information provided. *) 


6. MAINTENANCE. (* No information provided. *) 

7. STANDARD. Restrictions: sets limited to 48 members. Extensions: STOP statement, 

program controlled trace facility, optional profiler. 

B. MEASUREMENTS. 

interpretation speed--fairly slow 

interpretation space--14K (much overlaying involved) 

execution speed--fairly slow (interpreted with software paging) 



10. DEVELOPMENTMETHOD. Interpreter of P-code written in FORTRAN based on Pascal-Po (* 

Person-monthsto create system not reported. *) 


Fujitsu FACOM 230 

----------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Masato Takeichi, formerly at Department of Math. 

Engineering and Instr. Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Present 

address: Department of Computer Science, University of Electro-Communications, 

1-5-1 Chofugaoka,Chofu-shi Tokyo 182, Japan. 

2. MACHINE. FACOM 230-38, 224K bytes. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.oS2/vs. (* Minimum hardware required not reported. *) 

4. DISTRIBUTION. (* no information provided. *) 

5. DOCUMENTATION.See the article "Pascal Implementation and Experience", by Masato 

Takeichi,~ of the Faculty of Enl\ineerinR,University of Tokyo 34:1 pp 129-136. 

6. MAINTENANCE. (* no informationprovided.*) 

7. STANDARD. Restrictions:No local file variables; no parametric procedures. 

8. MEASUREMENTS.Self compiles in 309 sec. Compiler object code is 117K bytes, monitor is 

8K bytes, and self compilation requires 43K bytes of data store. Execution times, relative 

to Fortran, are given in the following table. 

Matrix multiply 

Sort 

Additive parition 

Character count 

9. RELIABILITY. Working 

reported. *) 

OS2/VS 

Fortran 

I 

I 

I 

1 

Pascal 

1.35 

1.24 

0.96 

0.63 

very well. (* Number of sites and first date of release not 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Based on H.H.Nageli's Trunk compiler (5800 lines of Pascal), with 

a Pascal monitor written in FASP. The initial version began working in October, 1975, 

after 2-3 months of work. 

II. LIBRARY SUPPORT. (* nO information provided. *) 

Harris/4 

}j'~J:'LEJ.1'!;~'i.\j'l'I~~G P1\SCAL 

p4 

SYS'}'T':r'i ON 11 Ill\FT{IS/ 4 COMPUtrE~H.. 

TEIJ 015-138222 TELEX 33S67 

P.t 'Jl\o-ibbc~.}C hCl\'C 

(c Ilal'rj ~;/IJ lr,ach.i__1](' vLi.th 64K ot 24 bits words. 

~]10 iiTIolcJTI8ntatioj) \~2S done au a stu:Jerlt task by o.w. van Wijk from Delft 

Uni\'8r~iLY of Technology, dCp~lrtemenLof mathemat.i.cs. Starting- with an 

implementation kit obtained fron E.T.IJ.-Zlirich it took about 600 hours to 

get a l"unn:i nq version of Lho compilej:' t:h;:lt could compile .i. tself. 

Irhc P~~cal systern tl'

the runtime syst",m. 'I'heuse of external procedures also allOlos a kind of 

fortran-like direct access I/O, which was, among the use of existing pro 

grams, the main reason to make t.his extension. 

core layout scheme for running Pascal 

Heathkit 11-11 

--------- 

(* This machine is based on the LSI-ll microprocessor from UEC and 

it is believed that the UEC LSI-ll (San Uiego) implementation will 

on this machine; though nothing definite has been reported. *) 

Hewlett Packard IlP-21MX (Durban) 

-------------------------------- 

See also IIERE ANIJ THERE News 

section under Tao-Yang Hsieh. 

run 

so on. This now appears to be working and I have run a few hand compiled programs 

through it. However memory size limited the amount of~I 1rouldgive the CODE and 

STACK arrays. This is alright for running small programs but the compiler itself 

would not fit. I have thus taken that interpreter and split into two phases - a 

load phase and a run phase. The load phase now ~two passes over the P4 code to 

produce the internal form of code on a disc file,zthan in an array. The run phase 

is then a stripped down version of the normal interpreter with all irrelevant detail 

(post mortom dumps, trig functions etc.) eliminated. This will have a biggish CODE 

array and will basically operate on a virtual storage concept. This is still in 

FORTRAN but I will rewrite it in HP assembly soon. Thus as soon as I can get a 

compiler for the HP compiled I should be able to compile programes, but I feel that 

recompiling the compiler will be beyond me. 

Now for the Univac. I am modifying the original FORTRAN interpreter to make 

allowances for the difference in architecture, ~ etc. and will move that on to the 

Univac soon. Then by the usual bootstrap operation I will get PASCAL up there. 

That done I will probably bootstrap a more effective (non ininterperative)system 

probably the BELFAST compiler for the 1900 series. 

Thus by the end of July I should be able to compile programes (albeit slowly) on both 

machines and by the end of the year have efficient systems going on each. Next year 

all my students will learn PASCAL of as a first language as a matter of course in 

their algorithms and problem solving course. 

QO 

Telephone: 821211 

r.legrams: INKOL 

Rei. 

UNIVERSITY OF DURBAN-WESTVILLE 

I 

:; 

Privete Sag X5400 I, 

Durb.n. 

4000. 

Hewlett Packard HP-2100 (Trieste, Italy) 

---------------------------------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/UISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Mattia Hmeljak; Instituto di Electrotechnica ed 

Electronica; Universita di Trieste; Trieste, Italy; Tel. 040-733033. 

2. MACHINE.Hewlett Packard IlP-2100. 

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE 

C.C. HANDLEY. 

Preliminary raport on implementationof PASCAL 

HP2lMX and Univac 90/30. 

on 

3. SYST&~ CONFIGURATION.(* No informationprovided. *) 

4. DISTRIBUTION. (* Unknown, implementationnot yet complete. *) 

5. UOCUMENTATlON. (* Unknown, implementationnot yet complete. *) 

We bOU9ht the P4 system from Zurich early this year and after a few hassles with 

block sizes, end of files and character sets, managed to get the files to tape and 

also listed. Since then I have been attacking the problem on two roughly parallel 

fronts,namelyimplementation of the PASCAL definedby the P4 systemon the two 

machines mentioned. 

My major effort has been on the HP as I have easier access to it. I have rewritten 

the P4 interpreter in (of all things) FORTRAN chiefly because could make use of 

its horrible features, such as EQUIVALENCingREALs and INTEGERs 

for the stack and 

6. MAINTENANCE. (* Unknown, implementationnot yet complete. *) 

7. STANUARD. (* No informationprovided. *) 

8. MEASUREMENTS.(* Unknown, implementation not yet complete. *) 

9. RELIABILITY. (* Unknown, implementationnot yet complete. *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METIIOU. A P-code interpreterwritten in HP-Algol. 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. (* No informationprovided. *)

ilewlett Packard IIP-3000 -- Miscellaneous 

---------------------------------------- 

See also HERE AND THERE News section under Kurt Cockrum and R. A. Lovestedt (who 

works at Boeing (CAD) in interactive graphics). 

Also. on 77/07/25, Edward O. Thorland. Computer Center, Luther COllege,.Decorah, 

lA 52101 (319/387-1043),phoned that he was ordering the P4 compiler to start an HP-3000 

implementation. 

Hewlett Packard HP-3000 (Santa Clara) 

----------------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. Ronald Danielson; University of Santa Clara; Santa 

Clara, CA 95093; 408/ 984-4482. 

2. MACHINE. Hewlett-PackardHP-3000/SeriesII. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.Runs under MPE with 256K words memory. 

4. DISTRIBUTION. (* Unknown, project not yer complete. *) A very rough completation date 

is 78/01. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. (* Unknown, project not yet complete. *) 

6. MAINTENANCE. (* Unknown, project not yet complete. *) 


8. MEASUREMENTS. (* Unknown, project not yet complete. *) 

9. RELIABILITY. (* Unknown, project not yet complete. *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Via Pascal-Po 


HITACHI 

Hitac 8800/8700 (Tokyo) 

------------------- 

(* See also implementation notes for IBM 360/370. *) 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/OISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Teruo Hikita; Kiyoshi Ishihata; Department of 

InformationScience; University of Tokyo; Tokyo, 113, Japan; 03-812-2111 x2947. 

2. MACHINE. Hitac 8800/8700. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.057 (Hitachi). (* Minimum hardware requirementsnot reported. *) 

4. DISTRIBUTION.Reluctantly. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. 'Pascal 

Trunk' are available from 

documentation.*) 

8000 Reference 

above address. 

f1anual', and 'BootstrappingPascal using a 

(* Apparently no machine retrievable 

6. MAINTENANCE. No formal support can be promised. Bug reports are welcome. 

7. STANDARD. differences: standard procedures pack and unpack not implemented; files must 

be declared at main program level; extra loop control structures;"value" initialization 

part. 

8. I1EASUREMENTS. Compiler object size Is about 100 kilobytes. 

compilation speed--about 350 lines/second. 

execution speed--comparable to FORTRAN-compiled objects. 


9. RELIABILITY. Good. (* Number of sites using system and date first released not 

reported. *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOJ). A 5200 line Pascal program created by modi!ing Naegeli's Trunk 

compiler and bootstrapping it by Pascal-P. Required about 3 person-months to complete, 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. None - the compiler produces absolue code, not relocatable modules. 

Honeywell 

----------- 

H31b 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. Robert A. Stryk; 5441 Halifax Lane; Edina, ~ 

55424; 612/ 887-4356. 

2. MACHINE. Honeywell H-31b. 

3, SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. (* No information provided. *) 

4. DISTRIBUTION.(* No information provided. *) 

5. DOCUMENTATION. (* No infonnation provided. *) 

6. MAINTENANCE.(* No information provided. *) 

7. STANDARD. A modified implementationof Concurrent Pascal, which varies from Standard 

Pascal. 

8. MEASUREMENTS. (* No information provided. *) 

9. RELIABILITY. (* no informationprovided. *) 



Honeywell 6000 

----------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. Implementor: W, Morven Gentleman; Mathematics 

Faculty Computing Facilty; University of Waterloo; Waterloo, ONT. N2L 3Gl; .CANADA; 519~ 

885-1211.Distributor:HoneywellInformationSystems;7400 MetroBlvd.;Edina,MN 55435, 

(* See local HIS sales office. *) 

2. MACHINE.Honeywell 6000, level 66 series. Operates under GCOS (TSS). Currently (* 

76/03/08 *) a DRL TASK versionis underconsideration. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. Honeywell level 66 

words. 

4. DISTRIBUTION. (* No information provided. *) 

or 

6000 series with EIS. Minimum of 26k 

5. DOCUMENTATION. From Honeywell Information Systems; PublicationDept.; MS-339; 40 Guest 

St.; Brighton, MA 02135: "A Pascal Product Brief", (#AW66, free), 2 pg. (marketing 

oriented) and "Pascal User's Guide", (#AW65, $1.30), 30 pg. (referencemanual). Machine 

retrievable supplement to Pascal User Manual and Report; also includes extensions, 

restrictions, known bugs, etc.--about 45 pages total. 

I--' 

l.D 

....... 

.......

. 

6. MAINTENANCE. Supported by HIS. 

7. STANDARD. Restrictions: 

-Program statement not accepted, replaced by required procedure 'main'. 

-No files with components of type ~. 

-Only files of type ~ 

may be read or written. 

-Sets limited to 72 members (no sets of ~). 

Extensions : 

-Files may be opened dynamically. 

-Extended file handling is available. 

-External separately compiled Pascal and FORTRAN procedures may be used. 

-Various procedures and functions to provide access to operating system. 

-Optional left-to-right evaluation for Boolean expressions and it statements. 

-'else' clause 1n ~ statement. 


compilation space--minimum of 26k words. Typical programs require less than 30k words 

compilation speed--(* No information provided. *) 

execution space--can be as small as 4-5k words depending on the program and the 

Pascal support routines required. 

execution speed--(* No information provided. *) 

(* How this compares to FORTRAN and other languages not reported. *) 

9. RELIABILITY. (* No information provided on reliability or number of sites using 

system. *) Distributedsince 76/05. 


11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. Separately compiled Pascal and FORTRAN routines may be saved and 

called from user specified librariesat run time. A post-mortem debugger is planned, but 

presently (* 76/10/25*) far from being implemented. 

IBM Series 1 

------- 

Gus Bjorklund, 2250 Coppersmith Square, Reston, VA 22091, reported in late June that 

he had an IBM Series 1 implementation nearly complete and should be finished by 77/9. 

IBM 360, 370 -- Introduction 

---------------------------- 

As with DEC POP-lIs, requests for and news about IBM 360/370 implementations abound. 

Last year we tracked over ten different implementationefforts. We have news for this 

issue of PUGN regarding improvements to the Hitac-8000 compatible compiler which has been 

convertedto IBM systems by the AustralianAEC,as wellas aboutthet1anitoba and SUNY 

Stony Brook compilers. Following these, summaries are given for other known 

implementationsbased on news from last year. 

Teruo Hikita"s University of Tokyo Hitac-8000 compiler attracted our interest last 

fall when it was announced as being (1) written in Pascal, (2) very fast (as fast as the 

Fortran compiler), and (3) adaptable to IBM systems. Apparently the project ran short of 

resources and not much news developed until Joseph Mezzaroba (PUGN #8) coaxed a copy and 

with a team of graduate students had it running in three weeks under DOS. This summer news 

came from the Australian Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) that they have finished the job 

with respect to making Hitac-8000 Pascal available on IBM systems to non-commercial sites 

only. So now we list Hikita"s compiler under Hitachi Hitac-8000 and replace its IBM entry 

with the AAEC. Joseph Mezzaroba indicates that they (at Villanova) have switched from 

their version of the Hitac compiler to the AAEC version. 

Our thanks to W. Bruce Foulkes for sending us new and complete informationon his 

implementationwhich now, we are pleased to find, is improved, upgraded, and more 

standard! 

Also thanks to Richard Kleburtz for sending new information plus an explanation as to 

the cost of SUNY Stony Brook Pascal. It is a credit to their dedication to Pascal that 

they continue to support an IBM compiler when they no longer have IBM equipment! 

One final note: Thanks to Philip Malcolm (Computer Associates, Park House, Park 

Street, Maidenhead, Berkshire SL6 ISL United Kingdom) who phoned twice this summer to give 

us information about plans to evaluate many IBM implementationsfor the the purpose of 

writing production software (on 6 or 8 operating systems!). He found that: 

1) The Technical Unversity of Berlin has dropped their effort at a P4 

implementation and has obtained Imperial College, London's version of a P4 

implementation,which "runs nicely". (* Our only problem here at PUG(USA) is 

that no one at Imperial College has told us in writing what they are doing. Here 

are the names of the PUG members at Imperial College: P.W.R.Clarke, 

R.A.Francis, Jeff Kramer, Stuart James McRae, Greg Pugh, David Slater, lain 

Stinson, and Dave Thomas. Their address: Department of Computing and Control, 

New Uuxley Building, Imperial College London, 180 Queensgate, London, 

England SW7 2AZ United Kingdom (phone: 01-589-5111). 

Well, how about it? *) 

2) He was procuring the Australian AEC version of Hikita"s Uitac-8000 compiler. 

3) He rejected the SUNY Stony Brook version. 

4) He could not get the source for the Manitoba version or the source of the run 

time system of the Grenoble version. 

5) Ruled out virtual memory, and thus the Vancouver version. 

6) Still awaited news from Oslo and from Stanford. 

Philip promised a followup report and evaluation and we certainly look forward to it. 

-Andy 

~lickel 

AUSTRALIAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION 

NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BRANCH 

RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT, NEW ILLAWARRA ROAD, LUCAS HEIGHTS 

TELEGRAMS, ATOMRE. SYONEY 

.~/ 

~ 

' 

ADDRESS ALL MAIL 

TELEX, 24562 

TELEPHONE, 531-0111 TO' 

/ 

AAEC RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT 

" 

' 

PRIVATE MAIL BAG, SUTHERLAND 2232 

IN REPLY PLEASE QUOTE: JMT.mwb. 

.,' 

N.S.W. AUSTRALIA 

20th June, 1977. 

Mr. Andy Mickel, ..,' 

,/. 


-. '.. . 

University Computer center, 

227 Experimental Engineering Bldg., 

University of Minnesota, 

MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455. 


On the 18th March, 1977" we received a copy of Pascal 8000 from 

Professor Teruo Hikita, University of Tokyo, Japan. Pascal 8000 was 

developed for use on a Hitachi series computer, reputed to operate 

"M" 

under an IBM370 compatible operating system. With a few modifications 

to the run-time system, we brought up Pascal on our IBM360/65 in only 

a few days.

Basically, the compiler is excellent. The language implemented is 

verynearlystandardPascalwith some very significantextensions.The 

compileritselfis writtenin Pascal8000, andproducesveryefficientand, 

in general, compact machine code. In the majority of cases, execution 

speed of compiled code is faster than that of a similar program compiled 

underFORTRANG. The originalversionof the compilercompileditselfin 

about 290K bytes. 

SinceMarch,we havebeendevelopingfurtherthe compilerfor OS and VS 

on IBM360 and IBM370 computers. We have completely re-written the run time 

system in assembler (it now occupies 6K bytes instead of 36K) and in so 

doing have extended and implementedvarious feattaes such as local file 

processing (in the true sense, not just temporary datasets), extended 

addressing (procedurescan now be up to 24K bytes in length, rather than 4K), 

and various traceback and post mortem dump routines. Further, files of 

RECFM=F(B)(A)and V(B)(S)(A) are supported for both input and output. 

Several areas of the compiler have been restructured and extended. 

Procedures PACK and UNPACK are implemented, so now a true superset of standard 

Pascalis acceptedby the compiler.Internalmechanismsof code generationwere 

changed and new functions and standard type names added. Exponentiationhas been 

included,parts of the lexical analyzer have been rewritten, and code has been 

optimized in several areas. It is now possible to compile small programs in l28K, 

and the compiler compiles itself in 2l0K (correspondingfigures were l76K and 

286K in the original version). 

We are now making this modified IBM360j370 version of Pascal 8000 available. 

Distribution arrangementshave not quite been finalised, however, it is envisaged 

that support for the system will be provided. All enquiries are very welcome. 

IN REPLY PLEASE QUOTE: JMT.mwb 

Mr. Andy Mickel, 


university Computer Center, 

227 Experimental Engineering Building, 

University of Minnesota, 

MINNEAPOLIS MN 55455 U.S.A. 


Your~.sincerel¥, 

1}1~ T et:1(l0 

Jeff~eY :~eY Tobias Systems Design Section 

Gordon W. Cox 

19 August, 1977. 

We have now finalised the distribution arrangements of our 

IBM360j370 version of pascal 8000. As you know, this system is 

based on Hikita's PASCAL 8000 compiler, which has been extensively 

modified and adapted by us for the O.S. family of operating systems. 

Important features of this system are small memory requirement for 

compilation (128K for small programs), extensive file support including 

local files, and full traceback and post-mortem dump facilities. 

We are distributing this system, including documentation, source 

and object code for a fee of A$50. This is to cover handling expenses 

only; no Charge is being made for development of the system. We also 

require that an agreement be signed to the effect that the provided 

system will not be used for profitable purposes. 

Our policy with respect to maintenance of the system is that no 

written undertaking can be given; we are, however, very keen to hear of 

anyproblemsthatmay arise,and we hope to be ableto providesolutions. 

The system currently being distributed produces object code in a form 

suitable for its own internal loader; the code produced by the compiler can 

be saved for later execution :(oneexample of this being the compiler itself), 

but cannot be linked with other modules. We are, however, in the final testing 

stages of a version that produces standard IBM linkage-editor compatible object 

decks, and linking to externally compiled Pascal, Fortran and Assembler routines 

is supported. This new version will be distributed as well as the original, as 

each has its own advantages. 

We are enclosing a brief description of our Pascal System. All enquiries 

are very welcome, and order forms are available from us. 

PASCAL 8000 - IBM360j370 VERSION 

Yours 

sincerely, 

'l2v 

(E.t-

(iv) A 'loop' statement, specifying that a group of statements should be 

repeatedly executed until an 'event' is encountered. Control may then 

be transferred to a statement labelled by that event. 

(v) 

The types of par~~eters of procedures or functions passed as parameters 

must be specified explicitly, and this enables the compiler to guarantee 

integrity. 

(vi) 

The 'type identifier', restriction in a procedure skeleton has been 

relaxed to allow Itypel. 

(vii) Functions 'pack' 3nd I unpack , are supported, as are packed structures in 

general. 

(viii) Exponentiation is fully supported, and is used via the double character 

symbol I ** I. 

(ix) 

A 'type-change I func~ion has been introduced that extends the role of 

'chr' and 'ord'. 

(x) Case-tag lists may now range over a number of constants, without 

explicitly having to list each constant. 

The range is denoted by: 

Thus, 

.. 

4,6..10,15,30..45 

is now a valid case tag list. 

 

A default exit is also supplied via 

~: 

i.e. else: is a valid case tag in every case statement. This path 

will be used if none of the other tags match. 

10. Execution errors terminate in a post-mortem dump, providing a complete 

execution histo;y that -includesprocedure invocations,variable values, type 

of error, etc. 

11. O~ject code produced by the compiler is compact and efficient. In general, 

ex7cut~o~ speed of PASCAL 8000 programs is faster than that of similar programs 

wr1tten 1n FORTRAN G level. 

12. Maximum set size is 64 elements. 

13. Procedure Inewl is fully supported, obtaining the minimum heap requirements 

as specified by variant tags. Procedures 'mark' and 'release'are also supported. 

Procedure I 

dispose , is not supported. 

Re ference 

1. 'Pascal - User Manual and Report', Kathleen Jensen and Niklaus Wirth, 

Springer Verlag, Second Edition, 1975. 

July 13, 1977 

Dear Andy: 

Enclosed is information about the latest release of the Manitoba Pascal Compiler. 

This version is more standard, more complete, cleaner, and more reliable than previous 

re leases. I am sending complimentarycopies of this release to the thirty sites which 

have earlier versions of the compiler. Work on the file support is now in progress. 

1. Implementor and Distributor 

Dr. W. Bruce Foulkes 

Department of Computer Science 

University of Manitoba 

Winnipeg, Manitoba 

Canada R3T 2N2 

(204) 269-3363 

2. Machine 

rEM 360/370, 

AMDAHL470 

3. Environment 

The compiler has been installed under the following operating systems: MFT, MVT, 

VSl, VS2, MVS and CMS (with modifications to the interface routines). 

A region of l80K bytes is required. (Absoluteminimum is approximately l60K bytes.) 

4. Distribution 

First released in December 1975 to 10 sites. July 1976 version released to 30 

sites. June 1977 release is now available. 

Distributed in load module and object module form with assembler source of the 

interface routines. 

We requirea "SOFTWARERELEASEAGREEMENT"to be signed. 

Cost: $50 for June 1977 release. 

Medium: 600-ft. 9-track tape whichwe provide. 

5. Documentation 

Two manuals are included in machine-retrievable form: 

"MANITOBA PASCAL USER GUIDE" 48 pages. 

"MANITOBA PASCAL CODE GENERATION" 84 pages. 

6 . Maintenance 

I have supported the compiler since December 1975 and intend to continue, but 

I am not in a position to make a formal commitment. 

I welcome comments, suggestions, and even bug reports. 

7. Language Supported 

Many non-standard features of earlier versions have been eliminated in this 

release. Some examples are: 

predefinedtypes are now global. 

output formatting has been standardized. 

[ and ] are now allowed for arrays and sets. 

(* and *) are now allowed for comments. 

PACKEDis ignored. 

program header is optional. 

etc.

Restrictions 

Only the standard input and output files SYSIN and SYSPRINT are supported. All 

I/O is accomplished through the use of READ, READLN, WRITE, WRITELN, EOLN, and 

EOF. (This is a temporary restriction. Work on file support is in progress.) 

Procedures PACK and UNPACK are not implemented. 

Branches to global labels are not allowed. 

SETs of characters are not supported (temporary restriction). 

Built-in procedures and functions are not accepted as actual parameters. 

The maximum static nesting of procedure and function declarations is 5. 

Program segments are restricted to 4K bytes of code. 

Extensions 

Three additional scalar types are supported: SHORTINTEGER(SHRTINT), 

LONGREAL(LREAL), and STRING(n) 1$n$256. 

A substring operation is provided. 

Formatted input is provided and input of BOOLEAN and STRING values is permitted. 

hexadecimal constants are supported. 

8. Compiler Development 

The compiler is one pass and uses a top-down parsing strategy. All semantic 

routines are written in PL360 (about 13,000 lines) and system interface routines 

in Assembler (500 lines). 

The run-time routines are written in PL360 (1600 lines) with an Assembler 

interface (500 lines). 

Compile speed averages 500-1000 lines of source per second on an IBM 370/168. 

Considerable effort has been spent on localized optimizations in areas such as 

array subscripting, record field accessing and boolean ~xpression evaluation with 

the aim of producing a compiler suitable for the compilation of application programs. 

(A 3l00-line Assembler/Loader/Interpreter system has been written locally in PASCAL 

and is in production use on our student terminal.) 

The compiler has been running on our express student terminal since January 1976 

I haven't run any speed tests recently, but execution speed seems competitive 

with the IBM Fortran G compiler. 

9. Reliability 

Good and getting better. 

have been remedied.) 

(All problems which have been brought to my attention 

10. Method of Development 

The compiler was hand coded. (Some routines were borrowed from the translatorwriting 

system SYNTICS.) 

The project was begun in the summer of 1972 and is still continuing. I have 

spent a total of 60 man-months on the project but was also teaching for 40 of those 

months, and have been distributing the compiler (copying and mailing tapes, etc.) 

for the last 20 months. 

This is my first production compiler, but I now have five years experience. 

11. Subproltrams 

The compiler produces OS-compatible object modules and uses standard IBM linkage 

and parameter lists in calls of external routines (Fortran, etc.). 

Separate compilation is not yet supported. 

If people are interested in the compiler, they can write to me at the above 

address and I will send them a copy of my user manual, a description of the distribution 

tape contents, and a Software Release Agreement and order form. 

Bes t regards, 

~'J~ 

Bruce Foulkes 

. 

IBM 360,370 (Stony Brook) 

------------------------- 

P2scal Compiler Project 


State Univ. of New York 

at Stony Brook 

Stony Brook, N. Y. 11794 

July 15, 1977 

:z 

!\ndy Mickel 

telephone: (516) 246-7146 

nonst~ndcrd files wi]] be restricted to internal files only. 

This is ,0 restriction imoosed by I\utobatch, not by the 


227 Exp Engr 



D€'ar /Indy: 

Enclosed is an anouncement of the newest rcle2se of thoc Stony 

Brook Pascal/360 canpilers, for publication in the Pascal 

Newsletter. We halTe distributed olTer 100 copies of Release 1, 

and under our distribution policy, those who order",(1 Rel""s.. 1 

will receive R..loc3se 2 automatically. 

As some of your readers may know, Stony Brook has not had an 

TBM 370 for over a year and a half, 2nd we now no longer have 

elTcn the Univac Spectra 70 on which the Pascal/360 compiler 

could be executed. Our present mode of operation inlTolves doing 

all machine-independent delTclopment work on a Uni'J?c 1110 at 

Stony Brook, th",n installing new developments and testing the 

operating system interface on an IBM 360/65 at Polytechnic 

Tnstitute of New York. This arrangement is slightly 

inconvenient, but 

j t works. Needless to say, wp mus t pay for 

machine time and we are just bre2king even (so far) on our $175 

distribution fee. 

rl;;QJ3 KO...7 

RichardB. Kiebu~ 

StonyBrook 

STONY BRCOK PI\SCAL/J60; RELEASE 2.0 AND RELEASE 2.S 

The second release of the Stony Brook P?scel compiler 

for IBM 360 and 370 computers is no., rei"dy for distribution. 

R",leasE' 

1ink;;ge 

2.0 

to 

is a production 

pxt..rnnlly 

compiler 

compil'2d 

with fi1cilities 

Pascal progr2m moc1ules 

for 

and 

Fortr'3n 

object 

functions 

modules 

or sub-'-:utines. 

which can be 

The compiler gener2tes 

processed either by the 

IBI~ 

05/360 

linkage editor or by the linking l02der. Some language 

extensions havE' been inst.alled in this rel(>2se, while others 

are currently br,ing implemE'nted. 

Re 1e2se 2. S is a fast, compile-Jo'3d-and-go 'Jersion th2t 

implements Standard Pascal without extensi ons. Tt c,"n be 

installed under HASP ~utobatch for economical batch 

procf'ssing 

j mpos0d 

of sm?lJ jobs. 

by 2. S a re on 

The only signific2nt 

the m2ximum program 

rest r ict ions 

size that can be 

compiled (d(>pt"ndent on the p2rtition size 211ocat,?d to the 

compiJ0r). When the compiler is run under Autobatch,

compiler. Release 2.5 incorporates ell improvf?mc-nts th,'t w€rG 

mad~ dur ing the 1 ifet ime of Release 1. In addition, the 

irreducible oVHhead t.o compile a tri'Jial progr.cm hi's been 

reduced, by simulating the sequential access file IIO US€(] 

for inter-pass cOJTrnunication with main-stor~ge files. The 

current minimum storage requirement to run rel 

intf'rn?l st.ructurE of the de-dared type, in order to allow vi 

loca 1 i ZP t ion of poss ibk 2(rors in defining a constructor. n 

This facility allows a programmf'r t.o defino const.2nt t'hles, ):> 

or it may b~ used to simplify the initialization of , 

structured 'J2ri2b1es. A constructor m2Y be created for any 

types exo:ept file or pointer. For structured types, each ::2: 

literal 'Jalue g iven 2S a component is checked for type 

~ 

como"tibility '"ith th.? ckdBred type of t.he corresponding 

C/) 

fieie. P2rametric constants arc' not all0W2d as componC'nts of 

", constructor, nor C1'n t.he type of a constant depend upon Bny 't.I: 

par~metric constAnt. UJ 

7. Default clause on case statements 

A synt~x extposion now allows the End On a ~ 

statem

IBM 360, 370 (Grenoble) 

---------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.J. P. Fauche, Departement Informatique, IREP, 

Boite Postale 47, F-3804D Grenoble Cedex, France. 

2. MACHINE. IBM 360/67, 370/148. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. Runs under OS/MY! (360/67) and VS/MFT (370/148). Requires 220K 

for self-compilation. 

4. DISTRIBUTION.Distribution is via 9 track, 800 bpi magnetic tape. 

5. DOCUMENTATION.The implementationis described in a supplement to the User ~. 

6. MAINTENANCE. (* no information *) 

7. STANDARD. Deviations are described in the documentation. 

8. MEASUREMENTS.The standard compiler (6000 lines of Pascal) compiles in 105 CPU 

seconds; an enhanced compiler compiles in 84 seconds. 

9. RELIABILITY. (* no information *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. (* no information *) 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. Assembler procedures are supported. 

IBM 360, 370 (Socorro, New Mexico) 

---------------------------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Implementors: Jan V. Garwick, Paul )lerillat, and 

Robert Knight, Computer Center, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, New Mexico 87801. Distributor: 

Tom Nartker, Computer Science Department, New Mexico Tech, Socorro, New Mexico 87BOl 

(505/835-5126).Direct non-distributionquestions to Robert Knight. 

2. MACHINE. IBM 360, 370 series. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.OS operating system. 

IBM 360, 370 (Stanford) 

----------------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Sassan lIazeghi,Computation Research Group, SLAC, 

P.O.Box 4349, Stanford, CA 94305. 

2. MACHINE. IBM 360, 370. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. (* no information *) 

4. DISTRIBUTION.The entire system is available to the public (as is). 

5. DOCU!1ENTATION. (* no information *) 

6. !iAINTENANCE. No maintenance is promised. 

7. STANDARD. Implements the Pascal-P2 (May, 1974) subset, with a few minor extensions. 

8. 11EASUREMENTS. 

Source lines (Pascal) 

Bytes, including I/O. 

Time to process compiler 

(370/168, 16K cache) 

Source lines per second 

Comp ile r 

4000 

76K 

10 sec. 

400 

Post-processor 

2500 

52K 

5 sec. 

800 

The system self-compiles in 130K bytes, 24K of which is returned to the operating system 

for I/O buffers. 


10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Developed from Pascal-P2. P-code was first translated to assembly 

code by macros; a P-code translator was then written in Pascal. The P-translator can 

produce either assembler code or a standard OS object module. 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. (* no information *) 

IBM 360, 370 (Oslo) 

------------------- 

4. DISTRIBUTION. Released January, 1977. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. (* no information *) 

6. MAINTENANCE. (* no information*) 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Ivar Laberg, Computer Department., 

Hospital Oslo, Rikshospitalet,.Oslo I, Norway (471 20 10 50). 

2. MACHINE. IBM 370/125. 

University 

7. STANDARD. The following are not supported: gotos and labels; unpacked arrays; and sets 

of characters. 

8. MEASUREMENTS. (* no information*) 

9. RELIABILITY.Results of one month of testing were good (76/9/20). 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Designed by Jan Garwick and implemented in PL360 using GPM. 


3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.DOS/VS operating system. 

4. DISTlUBUTlON. (* no information *) 


6. I>lAINTENANCE. (* no information *) 

7. STANDARD. A number of extensions are being considered, including: interface to all 

secondary storage access-methods;external procedures written in other languages; and 

"external records" (functionallyequivalent to "named common" in Fortran). 

8. MEASUREMENTS. (* no information *) 

9. RELIABILITY. (* no information *)

10. DEVELOPMENT METKOD. Based on Pasca1-P. 


IBM 360,370 (Vancouver) 

------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Barry W. Pollack and Robert A. Fraley, Department 

of Computer Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, 

Canada V6T 1W5 (604/228-6794or 604/228-3061). 

2. MACHINE. IBM 370/168. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.The current version runs under the MTS operating system. The 

monitor may be modified with minimal effort to run under VS, OS, etc. Standard OS object 

modules are generated.The translator requires about 320K bytes of store. Division of the 

compiler into overlays for non-VM systems would be possible. 

4. DISTRIBUTION. The current version is available 

magnetic tape. Costs will be limited to postage (and 

supplied) . 

for distribution now, via 9 track 

tape purchase, if one is not 

5. DOCUMENTATION. A User's Guide describes completely the implementation'sdepartures 

from the Jensen and Wirth ~ ~ ~ ~ Report. 

6. MAINTENANCE.No policy has been decided. It is anticipated that periodic upgrades and 

modificationswill be distributedat least once a year. Reported bugs will be corrected as 

quickly as possible with notification to users. 

7. STANDARD. The compiler provides numerous extensions and a few restrictions.A compiler 

option issues error messages when non-standardfeatures are used. A complete description 

is contained within the documentationprovided. A summary of the differences follows. 

Extensions: 

Strings are padded on the right with blanks. 

The 1s a case default label: "". 

Optional ":" allowed before ~. 

"(...)" may be used instead of "[...J". 

The character eol has been retained. 

Packed is ignored. 

Input of character strings using read is allowed. 

Support of EBCDICcharacters "&It, II I", and (logicalnot sign). (* Sorry, we 

ASCII at PUG News, *) 

use 

Use tI...11 for comments. 

~ section exists for variable initialization. 

Hexadecimal integers are supported. 

FORTRAN subroutines may be 

pre-declaredvariable~. 

called. A return code is available in the 

Direct access files are supported. 

Additional built-in functions include: min, ~, 

. 

~ (using constant length), 

position (direct access files), I/O interface functions and extensions to 

reset and rewrite. and.!!!!!m.for data packing. 

Restrictions: 

Sets are limited to 32 elements (0..31). 

ProRram heading is not used. 

Files may not be components of other structures. 

Set constructors may not include ... 

Input@ is initially eol instead of the first character of the file. This is 

transparent when read is used. 

Proiected extensions: 

McCarthyg. 

Or and ~ lower precedence than relations. 

"Usualll precedence used throughout. 

Sets over the range 0..255. 

Better control of input and output formats. 

8. MEASUREMENTS.The compiler is written in Pascal and is modeled after the COC 6400 

implementation,but it has been extensively modified and improved. The translator consists 

of approximately8000 lines of Pascal code,,'Therun-time library consists of approximately 

500 lines of Pascal code. The monitor (which contains the interface to the operating 

system) consists of approximately2000 lines of IBM Assembler G code. The translator speed 

has not been determined, but it seems faster than our Algol-W compiler. The code produced 

has been timed against Algol-W code and is almost uniformly 10-15% better. This is 

especially true of any program using a large number of procedure calls. The compiler 

compiles itself in less than 60 seconds of 370/168 processor time. The compiler requires 

320K bytes of core. 

9. RELIABILITY.To date has been excellent. A student version of the translator has been 

running since September, 1976, with only one detected compiler error. The main system 

version has been in operation since December, 1975. All problems which have been 

encountered to date have been corrected. 

10. DEVELOPMENT METKOD. The original translator was developed by Wirth and several 

graduate students at Stanford University as a partial re-write of the COC 6400 version in 

1972. The current translatorand monitor have beenextensivelymodified,a run-time 

library has been implemented,and a post-mortemsymbolic dump package has been developed. 

The translator has been under continuous developmentat UBC since December, 1975, by two 

faculty members and one (* anonymous? *) graduate student. 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. Fortran routines can be called. The compiler generates standard OS 

object modules. 

IBM 1130 

------ 

We have heard of two possible implementations, by: 

(1) R. Sandmayr, Neu-Technikum, CK-9470 Buchs, Switzerland (085/6 45 24). 

(2) Fred Powell, Innovative Management Systems, 865 Middlebrook Av., Staunton, Virginia 

(703/885-4950).(Fred wss formerly at Mary Baldwin College.) "Little has been done so 

far," according to Fred (76/12/10). 

ICL 1900 (Belfast) - MK2. 

------------------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/l1AINTAINER.Jim Welsh, Colum Quinn, and Kathleen McShane, 

Department of Computer Science, Queens University, Belfast BT7 INN, Northern Ireland, U.K. 

(* No phonenumberprovided.*) Enhancementsby DavidWatts and Bill Findlay,Computer 

Science Department, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Scotland, U.K. (* No phone 

number provided. *) 

2. MACHINE. ICL 1900 

3. SYSTEMCONFIGURATION.Has been installed under George 3, George 4, Executive, MAXIMOP, 

and COOP operating systems. Requires 32K. 

4. DISTRIBUTION. (* no information*)

5. DDCU!1ENTATION. A clearly written machine retrievable Supplement to the Revised Report, 

dated 17/ANCE. (* no information *) 

7. STANDARD. Primarily implements the Revised Report; exceptions include (a) files not 

allowed as component~ of structured types, and (b) non-discriminatedvariant records are 

not allowed.A six bit characterset is used.Setsmay have at most48 elements.A value 

initializati~npart is implemented. 

8. MEASUREMENTS.Compares favorably to Fortran, requiring about 32K to compile. Generated 

code is better than that produced by the old 19DO Pascal compiler. (* Compilation speed 


9. RELIABILITY.Repdrted to be good. The compiler is in use at about 50 sites. 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. This compiler resulted from a complete rewrite of the old ICL 1900 

compiler. The new compiler is designed for portability, with a clean separation between 

semantic analysis and code generatioTI. 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. Allows access to Fortran routines. 

ICL 2970, 2980 (London) 

----------------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.John Reynolds and Jules Zell, Department of 

Computing and Control, Imperial College, London SW7, U.K. (* No phone number provided. *) 

2. MACHINE. ICL 2970, 2980 series. 


4. UISTRIBUTION. Contact David Joslin, Sussex University Computer Centre; Brighton, 

Sussex, U.K. 

Intel 8080 (I~SITE) 

------------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Implemented by Thomas A. Rolander, 1012 Smith 

Ave., Campbell, CA 95008 (408/378-5785). Distributed by INSITE, Intel User's Library, 

Hicrocomputer D!vision, 3065 Bowers Ave., Santa Clara, CA 95051 (408/246-7501x2948). 

2. MACHINE. Intel 8080A using the Intel Intellec !1icrocomputer Development System. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.Operating system: Intel MilS ISIS-II. Hardware: 64K bytes of RN~ 

and dual fioppy disks. 

4. DISTRIBUTION.The software is distributed on two soft-sectored diskettes, and includes 

the binaries and sources. 

5. DOCUf1ENTATION.Consists of a short User"s Guide, syntax graphs, and the source code 

for the virtual machine and the compiler. 

6. MAINTENANCE. Bug reports will be accepted. 

7. STANUARD. Implements Brinch Hansen's Sequential Pascal, except for floating point 

(which is under development - 77/2/22). 

8. MEASUREMENTS. The virtual machine interpreter is 1300 lines of code (PL/M-80) and 10K 

bytes. Compilation speed is 30 lines/minute. (* Execution speed and size of generated code 


9. RELIABILITY. Will self-compile and has been used successfully by students. (* Number 

of sites using system not reported. *) 

10. DEVELOPt1ENT METHOD. An interpreter (PAS80) was written in PL/M-80, and emulates a 

16-bit machine. The implementation required about "2 man-months-of-evenings" and was 

accomplished in the implementor's spare time. The i~plementor was familiar with the 

process of implementing the virtual machine. "Credit for the ease of implementation is due 

to Per Brinch Hansen who developed the virtual machine. 

II 

II. LIBRARY SUPPORT. (* no information *) 

5. DOCUMENTATION. (* no inf0 rma tion *) 

6. MAINTENANGE. (* no information*) 

7. STANDARD. Presumably similar to the ICL 1900 !tK2compiler. 

8. MEASUR&~NTS. Code generated is fairly compact, the compiler itself producing 80000 

bytes. This is better than the 2900 standard compilers.The (CDC) Pascal 6000 compiler 

compiles the 2900 compiler on a CDC 6400 in 82 seconds. The ICL compiler self-compiles on 

the 6400 in 100 secs. Running on a 2900, the 2900 compiler self-compiles in 360 seconds. 

John Reynolds tells us, "I've determined that almost all time required for a compilation 

on the 2900 is just burnt up by the system and that hardly any time at all goes in the 

actual act of code generation." (77/7/8) (* Execution speed of generated code not 

reported. *) 

9. RELIABILITY. The compiler has been extensively tested and seems to work fairly well. 

(* Date of first release and number of sites using system not reported. *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Based on the ICL 1900 MK2 compiler, with code generators 

rewritten. Poor performance of the ICL 2970 system led to development on a Control Data 

7600 using Zurich's Pascal-6000. 


Intel 8080 (Minneapolis) 

------------------------ 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. Peter Zechmeister, University Computer Center: 

227 Exp Eng, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 (612/373-4181). 

2. MACHINE. Intel 8080. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. An operating system is included with the i~plementation.The 

minimal hardware required is an I/O device (TTY) and about 16K bytes for the compiler. 

4. DISTRIBUTION. Has not been determined. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. In progress. 

6. I1AINTENANCE.Under development. 

7. STNiDARD.The implementationis called Tiny Pascal (TP). It does not provide a number 

of standard features due to sizeconstraints. 

8. MEASURD1ENTS. The bootstrap cross-compiler runs at 2400 lines/minuteon a CDe 6400. 

The TP compiler itself loads in about 14K. 

-u 

:J> 

G) 

IT! 

f-> 

 

N

9. RELIABILITY. The reliabilityof the compiler is excellent. (* Number of sites using 

system not reported. *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Based on the PLO compiler by Nik1aus Wirth. Modifications were 

made to implement "variable types, Pascal statements, code generation, and register 

mapping." A cross-compiler running on a Control Data 6400 has been used to develop the 

Tiny Pascal (8080) compiler, which was not cOQplete as of PUGN U8. 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. None. 


10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. (* no information *) 


Interdata 8/32 (Parkville, Australia) 

------------------------------------- 

-c 

J> 

en 

n 

J> 

r- 

Intel 8080a (San Diego) 

---------------------- 

See DEC LSI-11 (San Diego), above. 

Interdata 7/16 

---------- 

Two possibilities to check out: 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. Guy 

University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 

2. MACHINE. Interdata 8/32. 


4. DISTRIBUTION. (* no information *) 


6. MAINTENANCE.(* no information *) 

Ward, Department of Computer 

3052, Australia (345 1844). 

Science, 

Mike Ball (see Interdata 8/32 for address) has Concurrent and Sequential Pascal 

cross-compilers running on the U1100 generating code for the Interdata 7/16. 

Rod Steel, Tektronix, MS 60-456, PO Box 500, Beaverton, OR 97707 (503/638-3411 x2516), 

reported a year ago that he might attempt to bring up Pascal on the 7/16. No news since 

then. 

7. STANDARD.(* no information *) 

8. HEASUREMENTS.(* no information *) 


10. DEVELOPHENT METHOD. Using Pascal-J (Universityof Colorado). Stage2 

into CAL (assembly). 

translates 

Janus 

Interda ta 7/32 

----------- 

See Kardios Duo 70, below. 


!~!=!~~!~_~L2~_i~~~~~2 

,rill. KRnSRS STRTE un'VERS'TIwI 

Interdata 8/32 (San Diego) 

--------------- 

(* See Mike's letter in the OPEN FORUM section *) 

Dear Mr. Mickel: ; 

August 11, 1977 


Manhattan, Kansas 66506 

Phone: 913 532-6350 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/UISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. Hike Ball, Code 632, Naval Ocean Systems Center, 

San Diego,CA 92152. (*No phone number reported. *) 

2. MACHINE. Interdata 8/32. 

3. SYSTEMCONFIGURATION.(* no information *) 

4. DISTRIBUTION. "It will not be available for distribution for at least several months." 

(77/6/15) 


6. MAINTENANCE.(* nn information *) 

7. STANDARD.Brinch Hansen's Sequential and Concurrent Pascal. 

8. MEASUREMENTS.(* no information *) 

As reported by Mike Ball in the Pascal Newsletter #7, we have 

transported the Brinch Hansen Concurrent Pascal system from the PDP 11/45 

to the Interdata 8/32. This implementationin its present form 

uses an interpreter for a slightly modified version of the abstract 

code as distributed by Brinch Hansen. I am enclosing for your 

informationa copy of the Implementationmanual for the system 

and the implementationchecklist as requested for the Implementation 

notes section of the Pascal newsletter a 

DCN:tlb 

Enclosure (1) 

Sincerely, 

/ < 

,i'W)--I?/ 

/ n 

( 7 

David Neal 

Research Assistant 

1£ CAt-_

1. Imp1ementors: 

David Neal, Gary Anderson, Jim Ratliff, and Virgil Wa11entine. 


Kansas State University 

Manhattan, Kansas 66506 

Distributors: 

Interchange (Interdata Users Group) 

Interdata, Inc. 

Oceanport, New Jersey 07757 

2. Hardware: 

Interdata 7/32 or 8/32. 

10. Method of development: 

Transported from the Brinch Hansen PDP 11/45 implementation. The 

system was moved with an approximate outlay of 4 person-months of 

experienced graduate student effort. 

11. Sequential Pascal programs may call one another in arbitrary, 

recursive fashion using the interfaces of the SOLO operating 

system (which is written in Concurrent Pascal). No provision 

is made for FORTRAN or any other language. The utility programs 

of the SOLO operating system include the Sequential and Concurrent 

Pascal Compilers, a text editor similar to lnterdata's OS-Edit, and 

the source code configurer program mentioned by Mike Ball (Pascal 

Newsletter #7 p. 29). All programs are maintained by the SOLO 

file system and appears to OS/32-MT as a single contiguous file. 

ITl 

:::e:: 

CI"J 


OS/32-MT, minimum partition size 72.75 K, disk storage required, 

floating point support necessary. 

4. Method of distribution: 

IIEL AS/4, AS/S 

----------- 

See IBM 360, 370, above. 

Nine track tape -- details available through Interchange. 


KSU Implementationof Concurrent Pascal -- 

A reference Manual, KSU 

Technical Report CS 76-16 will be provided with the implementation 

package. It may be provided in machine retrievable form. The 

Brinch Hansen SOLO manuals are not provided with the implementation. 

The availability of these references is a necessity. 

6. Maintenence Policy: 

None 

7. Fully implements Concurrent Pascal and Sequential Pascal (SPASCAL) 

a subset of Standard Pascal. 

8. Sequential and Concurrent Pascal programs are executed by a code 

interpreterwritten in lnterdata CAL assembler language. This 

interpreteras well as the Concurrent Pascal Kernel are provided in 

source and object. The system consists of about 5000 source lines 

and requires a library segment of 7.50 K for execution. Pascal 

source is translated into code by the Hartman Compilers which are 

written in Sequential Pascal (SPASCAL). The source and object of 

these compilers are also contained in the package. Microcode 

routine for virtual instructiondecode are included for the 8/32. 


Excellent -- all errors detected at KSU have been traced to hardware. 

Kardios Ouo 70 

------------ 

See IBM 360, 370, above. 

The Kardios Duo 70 consists of an 1nterdata 7/32 modified by Kardios Systems Corp., 

3820 Courtleigh Dr., Randa11stown,,~ 21133 (301/542-6826).The machine includes firmware 

which emulates both Interdata and IBM 360, 370 systems. The system is designed to 

concurrently execute both Interdata and IBM software. According to Kardios, most software 

such as the IBM Pascal implementations will run on the Duo 70 with little or no 

modifications. The changes most often required are: use Interdata C55 instead of IBM JCL; 

change IBM file access calls to Interdata access calls (this is only necessary in the few 

cases where the IBM file access methods are not supported by 1nterdata). Ihe Duo 70 will 

execute 360, 370 object modules produced by a compiler with no changes at all. Kardios 

reports that their customers have reported very little trouble in modifying 360, 370 

software to run on this system. 

Mitsubishi ~ELCOM 7700. 

----------------------- 

I. 1:1PLEMENTOR/DISTR1BUTOR/MAI"iTAl!IIER. Masato Takeichi, formerly at Dept. of Math. 

Engineering and Ins~r. Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Present 

address: Department of Computer Science, University of Electro-Co~~unications, 

1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi Tokyo 182, Japan. 

2. MACH1NE.~LCO~ 7700, 256K bytes. 

3. SYSTEM CONFlGURAIlON. BPM. (* Minimum hardware required not reported. *) 

4. D1STRIBUTION. (* no information provided. *) 

5. DOCUMENTATION.See "Pascal Implementationand Experience" by Masato Takeichi, Journal 

2i the Faculty 2i Engineering, University of Tokyo 34:1, pp 129-136. 

I-' 

lD 

....... 

.......

6. MAINTENANCE. (* no information provided. *) 

7. STANDARD. Comparable to CII IRIS 80 implementationby Mancel and Thibault. 

8. MEASUREMENTS. Self compiles in 150 sec. and 150 Kbytes (108K for code, 10K for 

monitor, 32K for data). Execution times, relative to Fortran, are given in the following 

table. 

Matrix multiply 

Sort 

Additive partition 

Character count 

Extended 

Fortran IV 

I 

I 

II 

Pascal 

1.90 

1.75 

0.48 

0.34 

9. RELIABILITY. Was first released in April, 1976, with the author using for several 

months before that. Several compiler errors have been corrected. (* Number of sites not 

reported *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. The compiler is based on the CII IRIS 80 compiler by Mancel and 

Thibault, with modified code generation.The monitor and library procedures were rewritten 

to interface with BPM. 

II, LIBRARY SUPPORT. (* no information provided. *) 

MITS Altair 680b 

---------------- 

(* See implementation notes for Motorola 6800. *) 

MOS Technology 6502 (San Diego) 

------------------- 

See DEe LSI-ll (San Diego), above. 

Motorola 6800 (San Diego) 

------------------------- 

See DEC LSI-II (San Diego), above. 

Motorola 6800 (St. Paul) 

----------- 


7. StANDARD. The following are not supported: files (except TTY input and output), and 

get, put, reset, rewrite; with and Rota; sin, CDS, arctan, exp, In, sqrt, pack, and 

unpack. 

8. MEASUREMENTS.Compiler code occupies 24K bytes, the interpreterrequires 3K bytes. 

9. RELIABILIty. Seems to be excellent. Not yet released. 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Based on Pascal-P2, cross-compiled first from a Univac 1100 (using 

San Diego Pascal), and later from a CDC 6400. As of 76/11/4, about 2 man-months had been 

invested. The compiler source is about 2200 lines. The cross-compilerhas been designed to 

be independent of the host-machine's character set. The interpreter could be implemented 

on other 8-bit machines with minimal work. 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORt. (* no information *) 

Nanoda ta QM-I 

---------- 

I. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. Dennis Heimbigner, TRW DSSG, Mail Station R3/1072, 

I Space Park, Redondo Beach, CA 90278 (213/535-0833). 

2. MACHINE. Nanodata QH-I. 

3. SYStEM CONFIGURATION. 256K words nanostore; 8K words control store; 60K words main 

store; 9755 (55M byte) disk; TASK version 1.04.02 (or later); PROD version 2.04.01 (or 

later). Optional: Card Reader, Printer (very desirable). 

4. DISTRIBUTION. "Release by TRW is currently under consideration. Inquiries are 

welcome." (77/3/17) 

5. DOCUMENTATION. Brinch Hansen's SOLO manuals (not available from TRW); machine readable 

document describing the implementation and ways to modify it. 

6. ~"INtENANCE.(* no information *) 

'I. STANDARD.(* no information *) 

8. MEASUREMENTS. Executes at about one-third the speed of the PDPII/45 (SOLO) system. 

(* Space requirements not reported. *) 


10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. The Concurrent Pascal system kernel was programmed in micro-code 

in 6 months of part-time work. Half of that time was spent on I/O drivers. 

II. LIBRARY SUPPORT. (* no information*) 

:z 

I. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Mark D. Rustad, 585 Harriet Ave., Apt #213, 

St. Paul,MN 55112(612/483-0589). 

2. MACHINE. Designed for the HItS Altair 680b, based on a Motorola 6800. 

3. SYStEM'CONFIGURATION.Requires 32K bytes and a TTY. No disk needed. 

4. DIStRIBUTION. (* no information*) 

5. DOCUMENtAtION. (* no information *) 

NCR Century 200 

------------ 

Jack LaUe, 320 19th Ave. S., Minneapolis, MN 55454 (612/336-4946) tells 

(77/08/30) that he is writing a Pascal compiler in Neat 3 for the Century 200. 

us 

-0 

» 

G> 

", 

I-' 

a 

IJ1

Norsk Data NORD-IO (CERN) 

------------------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. Oavid L. Bates and Robert Caillian, PS/CCI Group, 

CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. (Tel. 41-98-11) 

2. MACHINE. Norsk Data NORD-IO. 

3. SYSTEMCONFIGURATION.SINTRAN III operating system. 

4. DISTRIBUTION. "Anyone is welcome to receive a copy of our system." (77/1/19) 



7. STANDARD.(* no information *) 

8. MEASUREMENTS. It takes 15 minutes to compile the compiler. (* Space requirements not 

reported. *) 


10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. From Pascal-P4. P-code is assembled and then interpreted by an 

assembly language program. 

Pri,ue P-400 

-------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. Phillip Ii Enslow, School of Information and 

Computer Science, Georgia Tech., Atlanta, GA 30332 (404/894-3187). 

2. MACHINE. Prime P-400. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.Virtual memory operating system. 


5. DOCUMENTATION. (* no information*) 

6. MAINTENANCE. (* no information*) 

7. STANDARD . (* no information *) 


9. RELIABILITY. (* no inf orma tion *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Bootstrapped from Pascal-P4 during 1976-77. 



Norsk Data NORD-I0 (Oslo) 

--------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Andora Fjeldsgaard, Petter Gjerull, Stein 

Gjessing, Jan Husemoen, Kefil Moen, and Terje Noodt. Computing Center, University of Oslo, 

Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway. (*No phone number provided. *) 

2. MACHINE. Norsk Data NORD-IO, using 2 64K memory banks. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. MOSS operating system. 

4. DISTRIBUTIUN. (* no information *) 

5. DOCUMENTATION. The implementation is described in "Rapport om implementering av Pascal 

pa NORD-I0", University of Oslo, April 1976. A machine readable document describes changes 

and improvements to the implementation as they are made. 

6. MAINTENANCE. It is expected that the system will be improved and changed frequently in 

the near future. Error reports are invited, and may be given to any member of the PASCAL 

group. 

7. STANDARD. Files (except input, output, PRD, and PRR) and formal procedures are not 

implemented. Sets may have 64 elements; parameters and local variables (except arrays and 

records) may occupy at most 253 16-bit words in any procedure; strings may be at most 16 

characters long. 

8. MEASUREMENTS. (* no information*) 


10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Developed from Pascal-Po 


SEMS Tl'600 

------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. Alain Tisserant, Departement Informatique de 

l'INPL, Ecole des Mines, Parc de Saurupt:,54042 Nancy CedeK, France. (Tel. (28) 51 42 32) 

2. MACHINE. SEMS T1600 and SOLAR 16/05/40/65. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. BOS-D operating system. Hardware: MTSI6; FHE 

minimum 16K words of core memory. 

4. DISTRIBUTION. Not yet available (77/2/2). Will be distributed by IRIA. 

or MHU disk; 

5. DOCUMENTATION.All available documentation is written in French. (* we don't know what 

is available. *) 

6. liAINTENANCE. (* no information *) 

7. STANDARD."Fully implements standard Pascal; also compatible with IRIS 80 Pascal 

compiler. II Extensions include: character strings; Loop-~-end statement; I/O of sets and 

scalars; sets of any interval of integers. 

8. MEASUREMENTS.(* no information *) 

9. RELIABILITY."Expected to be eKcellent!" 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHUD. The compiler(s) is written in Pascal. A two pass scheme uses an 

adaptation of P-code as an intermediate language. The P-code was adapted for non-stack, 

16-bit, based addressing and accumulator machines. The first pass can be parameterized, 

and the second pass can be rewritten to port the compiler to other machines. An automatic 

segmentation mechanism allows compilation and execution of large programs (such as the 

compiler) with small memory requirements. 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. The implementation allows separate compilation, as well as insertion 

of ASM and Fortran routines.

Siemens 330. 

------- 

KERNFORSCHUNGSZENTRUM KARLSRUHE 75 KA UHE1, 22. 6.77 

Postfach "5' 

3640 J 0 

Institut fur Datenverarbeitung in de, Technik 

Fe, , (072

10) Speed Compiler compiles typical PASCALsource-text 

at a rate of 150 lines/min 

or 500 significant chars/sec. 


10. DEVELOPMENT METKOO. There are three compilers, all based on Pascal-P2: (a) a fully 

interpretive version; (b) a version where P-code is translated to assembly language; and 

(c) a version with assembly code emitters in the compiler. 

11. LI8RARY SUPPORT. (* no information *) 

For more information about Sequential PASCAL read the publications 

about .Concurrent PASCAL. 

Siemens 4004, 7000 (Munich) 

------------------ 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Manfred Sommer, SIEMENS AG, Oepartment 0 AP GE, 

Postbox 70 0078, D-8000 Munich, West Germany (089-722-61276). 

2. MACKINE. Siemens 4004 and 7000 series. Also RCA Spectra 70 (VMOS). 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION. BS2000 operating sys tern. 

4. DISTRIBUTION. Contact the implementor. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. A User's Manual (German) is available. 


7. STANDARD. Appears to conform fully with the Pascal User Manual and Report. Character 

set is EBCDIC. Sets may have 256 elements (allowing ~~ char). 

8. MEASUREMENTS. "Code produced seems to be much faster than the code produced by the 

standard Fortran compiler."Compilation speed is 40 lines per second on a 4004/151 and 100 

lines per second on a 7000/7.755 (roughly equivalent in power to an IBM 370/155 or COC 

6400). In a dozen or so benchmark programs times were comparable with COC-6400 Pascal. 

9. RELIABILITY.Over 18 sites using this version. 

10. DEVELOPMENT METKOO. Based on Pascal-P4. 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. Generated code may be put into a standard module library. Additional 

procedures are available for interfacing to the operating system. 

Siemens 4004 

------------------------ 

(Darmstadt) 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRI8UTOR/MAINTAINER. K.-J. Koffmann, Fachbereich Informatik, Techn. 

Kochschule, Steubenplatz 12, D-1600 Darmstadt, Germany. (* No phone number provided. *) 

2. MACKINE. Siemens 4004/157. 





7. STANDARD. (* no information *) 


SOLAR 16/05/40/65. 

------------ 

See SEMS T1600, above. 

TELEFUNKEN 

TR-440 

---------------- 

ĪNSTITUT FOR INFORMATIK 

DER TECHNISCHEN UNIVERSITAT MONCHEN 

Manfred Luckmann 

Telex, tumue d 05-22854 . Institutseingang' Barer StraSe 23.. Ecke GabelsbergerstraSe FERNRUF (089) 2105 - 8276 


MONCHEN. DEN August 8, 1977 

I send you here some information about our PASCAL implementation running on 

the Telefunken TR440: 

The compiler was first implemented by 

Hans Dieter Petersen 

Universitat des Saarlandes 

Institut fUr Informatik I 

1m Stadtwald 

0-6600 SaarbrUcken / Germany 

and later extended by 

Manfred Luckmann 

Technische Universitat 

Institut fUr Informatik 

Postfach 20 24 20 

0-8000 MUnchen 2 / Germany 

Machine: Telefunken TR440, operating system 8S3. 

Documentation: Supplement to the book: PASCAL User Manual and Report. 

Maintenance: 

none. 

Text-files only, no runtime checks. 

External procedures allowed (written 

in PASCAL or in assembly language). 

The compiler produces assembly language as intermediate code. 

Size: ca. 40 K words, speed: ca. 10 lines / second. 

Sincerely 

ti/4J 

Manfred 

yours, 

Luckmann 

Z£L-

TERAK 8510 (San 

Diego) 

---------------------- 

(* See implementation notes for DEC LSI-ll (San Diego). *) 

Hachi:1eindependentparts of the system, i.e., the compiler and part of the 

interpreter are in the intermediate language. Only the nucleus of the interpreter is 

machine-dependentand thereforehandcoded. The input device is a mark-sense card reader 

a~ceptingspeciallycodedcards(reservedwordshave theirown punch codes). 


Texas Instruments TI-ASC. 

------------------------- 

Philip Bergstresser (see HERE AND THERE News section) phoned 77/05/26 to correct our 

information in PUGN #8. The PDL (ProductionDevelopment Language) system TI implemented 

included a superset of Pascal and a library management system. This included software 

tools, a check for matchingsourceand binary moduleinterfaces,proceduresrecompiled 

independently with scope, complete reversibleoverlay process, cross referenceand 

instrumentationcode. Documentationis availablefromBillBixlerat TRWHuntsville.The 

TI-ASC is a 650K 32 bit word machine with IBM 360-like floating point and vector and 

scalar hardware. It has 48 registers. 

Texas Instruments 9900/4 (Vienna) 

---------------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Implementors:H. Schauer, R. Nagler, and A. Szer, 

Institut fuer Informationssysteme, A-I040 Wein, Argentinierstrasse8, Austria (Tel. 

65 87 3l/313).Distributors:ECO-ComputerGesmbH&CoKg (Fa. Langschwert),A-I0I0Wein, 

Tuchlauben 14, Austria (Tel. 63 35 80). 

2. MACHINE. TI 9900/4. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.No operating system; requires a mark-sense card reader and a 

line printer. 

4. DISTRIBUTION. The system (hardware and software) is sold for 200.000. Austrian 

Schillings (about $1500 U.S.). 

5. DOCUMENTATION. Available in the form of a supplement to the Pascal Report. (* Not 

known if this is machine retrievable. *) 

Univac ~0/30. 

------------ 

Univac 90/70. 

----------- 

See letter from C.C. Handley under Hewlett Packard HP-21~. 

See Siemens 4004, 7000 series. 

The U90/70 (formerly RCA Spectra 70) is very similar to the Siemens machines, both in 

hardware and software (VMOS ~ BS2000). 

Univac 1100 (San Diego) 

----------------------- 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER. MichaelS. Ball, Code 632, Naval Ocean Systems 

Center, San Diego, CA 92152. (* No phone number provided. *) 

2. MACHINE. Univac 1100 series. 

3. SYSTEMCONFIGURATION.Exec-8 operating system; can be run in Demand mode. 

4. DISTRIBUTION. As a member of USE, you may request a copy from Xike by sending a mag 

tape and noting any res.trictionson its format. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. A 29 page machine readable supplement to the Pascal User ~ and 

Report entitled "Pascal 1100" documents the i;uplementation. 


::z 

IT! 

::e: 

en 

6. MAINTENANCE. "We intend to make more of it [the system] and we would like to accept 

bug reports." 

7. STANDARD.The following are not supported: files; 

procedures/functions.Sets of 64 characters are supported. 

formal 

8. MEASUREMENTS. It is very slow compared with other systems. The system uses 12K ROM 

words and no external memory. 

9. RELIABILITY.The reliabilityof the system is excellent. (* Date first released and 

numberof sitesusingsystemnot reported.*) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. The system .is written in Pascal and machine code (3000 source 

lines). It took 3 months to implement it on any microprocessor with no special experience 

of the implementors. The machine independent parts are bootstrapped by an existing Pascal 

compiler. The system is intended primarily to support programming education. 

Basic concepts: the compiler translates the source program into an intermediate 

language represented as a tree, where each node represents one declaration and each leaf 

consists of the intermediate code of a PASCAL block in ~eversed Polish notation. This tree 

is the static information of the program. The compilation does not exceed the level of 

syntactic decomposition defined by the syntax diagrams in the PASCAL report. The 

interpreter performs all context-sensitive checking at execution time. 

7. STANDARD. Restrictions: ~, processor, and univ are reserved words; standard 

procedures and functions may not be passed as actual parameters; file £t file is not 

allowed. Sets may have at most 144 elements. The compiler accepts the full ASCII character 

set. A compiler option allows processing of Brinch Hansen Sequential Pascal programs. 

8. MEASUR&~ENTS. The compiler compiles into 34K words and requires 6K words of library 

routines. Self-compilationrequires about 15.5K for stack and heap. 

Execution times for code compiled by Pascal was compared with code generated by the NUALG 

and ASCII FORTRAN processors. Fortran's local optimization was taken as a base value. The 

programs used for comparison were taken from Wirth's paper on the design of a Pascal 

compiler (Software - Practice and Experience, Vol. 1 (1971), pages 309-333). The results 

are summarized in the following table. 

-c 

Pascal NUALG FORTRAN FORTRAN » 

Pascal no tests NUALG no tests FORTRAN local opt. global opt. G) 

(rei) (reI) 

IT! 

PART 0.62 

(reI) 

0.61 0.85 

(reI) 

0.84 

(reI) 

1.00 

(reI) 

1.00 

(time) 

15.10 

(reI) 

0.99 

...... 

PARTNP 1.18 1.06 3.29 3.17 0.94 1.00 0.93 0.85 

SORT 1.37 1.12 1.83 1.49 1.00 1.00 18.01 0.59 0 

MATMUL 1.82 1.43 2.05 1.70 1.00 1.00 10.26 0.39 LO 

COUNT 0.30 0.28 0.72 0.66 1.00 1.00 16.1>3 0.97

Univac 1100 (Madison) 

--------------------- 

9. RELIABILITY. Quite good; it should approach excellent. The system has been in local 

use since about February, 1~76, and i~ has been installed at 25 sites (11 university, 4 

government, 10 industry). 

10. DEVELOPMENT ~IETHOIJ. The compHer was developed from Pascal-P2. (* Person-hours to 

develop system not reported. *) 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. Generated code can be linked to subprogramswritten in Fortran or 

assembler. 

ACADEMIC COMPUTING CENTER 

THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN - MADISON 

1210 WEST DAYTON ST1IEET 

MADISON. WISCONSIN 53706 

608-262-1166 

August 31, 1977 

Univac 1100 (Copenhagen) 

------------------------ 

1. I~LEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTUR/t1AINTAI~ER.J. Steensgaard-Madsen,DIKU 

Kobenhavns Universitet), Sigurdsgade 41, DK-2200 Copenhagen N., 

number reported. *) 

(Datalogisk lnstitut, 

Uenmark. (* No phone 

PASCAl Implementations 


227 Experimental Engineering Bldg. 



Dear Mr. Bonham: 

2. MACHINE. Univac 1100 series. 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.Exec-8 operating system. 

4. DISTRIBUTION. The charge for distributionfrom Datalogisk Institut is Dkr. 200. The 

distributorsare attempting to maintain a distribution tree to reduce costs and hassles. 

Purchasers must sign a license agreement. The system is released only in relocatable form. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. A 19-page machine readable supplement to the Pascal User Manual and 

Reportis available.It is "A Pascal CompHer for the Univac 1100 machines",by J. 

Steensgaard-Iffidsen and Henrik Snog of DIKU. 

6. !4AINT£NANCE. There is no promise of maintenance, but bug reports are required under 

the license aggreement. 

7. STANDARD. DeviatIons from the standard: Reset(f) on any textfile f will cause 

eof(f)a falseand eoln(f)= true;Parametertypesof formalproceduresand functionsmust 

be specifIed. Restrictions:~ of file is not allowed; standard procedures cannot be 

passed as actual parameters. Machine dependencies: Sets may have 72 elements, char is 

defined as (6-bit) Fieldata, ascii is an additional type; real is double precision always. 

8. MEASUREMENTS. Compilation space is roughly 42K; speed is 100 lines per SUP second. 

Compiled programs run efficientlycompared to other processors. 

9. RELIABILITY. Excellent. (* Date first released and number of sites using system not 

reported. *) 

10. DEVELOPMENT METHOD. Pascal-P with a team of 4 persons. 

I 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. External procedures may be written in Pascal or (ASCII) Fortran. 

Inclusion of assembler code is possible. 

Enclosed please find a description of our new diagnostic PASCAL compiler. 

The following will outline the development of the compiler (which isn't 

specifically dealt with in the description). 

The UW-PASCAL compiler is the joint effort of five people (myself, Richard 

LeBlanc, Masahiro Honda, Steve Zeigler and Gary Holmes). It currently 

represents about 24-30 man months. Design was initiated during the sumreleased 

to users in late mer of 1975 and the first test version was 

1976. 

The compiler was designed from scratch, using a syntax-directedorganization. 

The compiler uses a table-driven LALR(I) parser and an error corrector 

which is driven by the parsing tables. Initially the compiler was 

bootstrapped through a version of the P-compiler. Later, Mike Ball's 

N.O.S.C. compiler was used. At present, of course, we bootstrap through 

our own compiler. This has the added benefit of allowing our diagnostic 

checks to monitor our own compiler (at a very acceptable level of overhead). 

Indeed, the preponderance of compiler bugs are found in this manner. 

As a result, errors are automatically linked to the offending source 

statement in the compiler and readily fixed. 

In case you are interested, r'm including a copy of our current User's 

guide (an updated version is being prepared). I'm also posting a copy 

of the compilerdescriptionto Andy Mickelfor inclusionin thePUG Newsletter 

(or are you the person who handles that department?) 

If you'd like further information, please feel free to write me. 

Sincerely, 

~J1vF~ 

Charles N. Fischer 

CNF:rb 

enc.

The University of Wisconsin-MadisonAcademic Computing Center (MACC) 

has developed a diagnostic PASCAL compiler for the Univac 1100 series. 

The compiler is especially designed for research and instructional use. 

It emphasizescarefuland completediagnosti checkingat both compiletime 

and run-time. 

Included are subscript and subrange checks, pointer 

validity checks, record variant and set range checks. 

When run-time errors 

are discovered a procedure walk back (with source program line numbers) 

as well as a symbolic dump of scalar variables are available. 

During compilation, 

a complete analysis of the syntactic and semantic correctness of 

the source program is performed. 

Automatic correction of minor syntax errors 

(e.g. missing semicolons or parentheses) is included. 

The following provides detailed information about the compiler and its 

distribution policy. 

(1) The UW-PASCAL compiler is an ASCII processor which operates on any 

Univac 1100 series computer under EXEC-B. 

compiler are available. 

Two versions of the 

The first produces standard relocatable 

elements which may be collected to produce executable absolute 

elements. 

The second version operates in a "Load and Go" manner. 

PASCAL source programs are compiled directly into core and immediately 

executed. 

No collection step is used. 

(2)' UW-PASCALis writtenin PASCAL. Its source(includingall versions) 

is about 14K lines. 

min (on an 1110). 

Compilation speed is about 4000 lines/ 

The compiler requires about 70K wo~ds to operate 

(which is larger than most other Univac compilers). 

However overall 

compilation costs appear to be comparable to other Univac ASCII 

compilers.Code generatedby the compileris 

as good as, or better, 

than that generated by other ASCII compilers operating in a nonoptimizing 

mode. 

The Load and Go version is marginally smaller and faster than 

the standard compiler. 

For small programs, its cost (for compilation 

and execution) is about 60% of the standard compiler. 

(3) UW-PASCALimplementsall of the StandardPASCAL languagewith the 

exception of GOTO's out of procedures. 

are available as a partial alternative.) 

(STOP and ABORT statements 

In addition to the extensive diagnostic capabilities noted above, 

Diagnostic PASCAL Compiler for Univac 1100 Series environment of their declaration. This allows complete compiletime 

checking of procedure interfaces as well as access to global 

variables. 

Linkage to externally defined assembly language procedures 

is also provided. 

(b) Conditional compilation facilities are provided. These include 

the optional compilation of code sequences enclosed by 

conunentbrackets ("conditional comments"). 

not generated for unreachable program statements. 

Further, code is 

(c) The DISPOSE procedure is implemented. Run-time pointer checks 

ensure that disposed objects cannot subsequently be referenced. 

Heap objects may be grouped into logical units (termed IIsubpools") 

which may be freed in a single DISPOSE operation. 

often significantly simplifies reclamation of heap storage. 

(4) UW-PASCAL has been in use since early in 1977. It has received 

rather heavy use and has been found to be very reliable (at present 

no extant bugs are known). 

This 

MACC currentlymaintainsUW-PASCALas a fullysupportedsoftware 

product. 

for a fee of $750. 

The compiler, with a year of compiler support, is available 

Both the source and absolute modules of both 

versions of the compiler as well as PASCAL support routines will be 

provided. 

Prompt distribution of corrections to compiler bugs as 

well as improvements to the compiler are also included. 

After this 

initial period, continuing support (including compiler improvements 

and extensions) is available for a fee of $600 per year. 

of $100will be added for usersoutsideof the UnitedStates. 

A UW-PASCAL 

A surcharge 

User Guide (included in machine-readable form with the 

compiler) which further details this compiler is available for a 

postage and handling fee of $3 ($5 foreign). 

is distributed on a 9-track 1600 BPI tape. 

formatsand densities 

All inquiries should be directed to: 

PASCAL Development Group 

Attn: Dr. C. N. Fischer 

MACC 

1210 West Dayton Street 

Madison, Wisconsin 53706 

Normally, the compiler 

However, other tape 

may be availableupon specialrequest. 

Information may also be obtained by contacting Dr. Charles N. Fischer 

at (608) 262-7870. 

(a) A very powerful external compilation capability. Procedures 

a number of other language extensions are available. These include: (5) UW-PASCAL is an on-going research project at the University of Wisconsin. 

Future development plans include: 

which are -compiled independently are always compiled in the (a) Compiler tuning to reduce core requirement (to about 45K for

(b) 

(c) 

Varian (Sperry-Univac) V-70 

--------------------------- 

small programs) and to reduce overall compilation costs. 

Inclusion of a varying-length string manipulation capability 

(similar to PL/I varying length strings),with catenation and 

substring operations, I/O, etc. 

Addition of an interface to ASCII Fortran subprograms. 

1. IMPLEMENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/MAINTAINER.Distributed by the Varian Users Group 

Varian Data Machines (Sperry Univac), 2722 Michelson Drive, Irvine, 

(714/B33-2400) . 

2. MACRINE. Varian V-70 series. 

(VOICE) 

. 

CA 92713 

3. SYSTEM CONFIGURATION.Requires 32K+ memory, memory map, Vortex 11 operating system, 

extended instructionset, and 512 words of writable control store (WCS). 

4. DISTRIBUTION.Available from Varian as VOICE 81B3C8. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. A 120 page manual (non-machineretrievable)is available as part of 

distribution. 


7. STANDARD. This is Brinch !lansen style Pascal. I/O is non-standard and oriented toward 

the Vortex-II I/O macros. Reference to files is by unit number. Additional restrictions: 

Strings must have an even number of characters. Gato's are not supported. Enumeration 

types cannot be defined within record declarations.Records may have at most 16 variants, 

and the ordinals of the variant labels (constants) must be in the sub range 0..15. Sets may 

have 128 elements. Uses Mark-Release. 

8. MEASUREMENTS.Compiles over 1000 statements per minute. Compiler requires 17K decimal 

words of main memory. 

9. RELIABILITY.Good. Distributed to over 10 sites. 

10. DEVELOPMENT 11ETROO. Based on Brinch Hansen's Sequential Pascal. 


Xerox Sigma 6, 9. 

----------------- 

4. DISTRIBUTION.Distributed on magnetic tape (9 track, 800 bpi, structured much like a 

standard Xerox processor distribution tape - labelled in account :SYSGEN).Distribution 

cost is $250, payable to Pierre Desjardins. The distribution includes documentation. 

5. DOCUMENTATION. Program comments are in English. The following documents are 

distributed: "Program Description" (English) contains installation and maintenance 

information; "Manuel d'utilisation... n (French) is the user's manual; "METAPASC.. ṇ 

(French) provides macro-procedures to aid writing external procedures or functions in 

Meta-symbol; "Pascal 2 - Sigma: un systeme de programmationPascal" (French) describes the 

functional structure of the compiler. 

6. MAINTENANCE. Bug reports are welcome, and "update sheets could be sent. II The 

distribution fee does not imply any responsibility or maintenance service on the part of 

the distributor, implementor, or the Universite de Montreal. 

7. STANDARD. Corresponds to Pascal User :1anualexcept: files may not be components of 

arrays, records or files; string constants may not occur in the ~ section; standard 

procedures and functions may not be passed as actual parameters. Sets may have at most 32 

elements. 

8. MEASUREMENTS. Compiler peak code size is 25K. Self-compilationtakes 35K. Compilation 

rates are: 600 lines per minute (Sigma 6 - BP~/BT~) and 1200 lines per minute (Sigma 9 

CP-V). (* Size and execution speed of generated code not reported. *) 

9. RELIABILITY.Good to excellent. (* Date first release and number of sites using system 


10. DEVELOPMENT METROD. The compiler source is 6200 lines of Pascal. It was produced by 

cross-compilingfrom a CDC Cyber 74. Effort was IB person-months (without any prior 

knowledge of Sigma machines). 

11. LIBRARY SUPPORT. The compiler produces a relocatableobject module (in Xerox Standard 

Object Language) for each procedure and function. Provision is made for external 

procedures and functions written in rieta-symbol. 

Xerox Sigma 7. 

------------- 

See also ell 10070. 

The CII Iris-80 compiler (describedabove) has been transposed to the the Xerox Sigma 7 

running under the BP~ monitor by Masato Takeichi, formerly at Department of Mathematical 

Engineering,University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Present address: Department 

of Computer Science, University of Electro-CowJUnications,1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi 

Tokyo 182, Japan. 

Another Sigma project, apparently incomplete and 

Bauer, Ill, Computer Science Department, University 

WY 82071 (307/766-5134). 

inactive, was headed 

of Wyoming, Box 36B2, 

by Henry 

Laramie, 

1. I,IPLE'IENTOR/DISTRIBUTOR/HAINTAINER. Pierre Desjardins, Universite de tlontreal, 

Informatique, C.P. 6128, ,Iontreal 101, Quebec, Canada (514/343-7662). 

Z110g Z-80. 

--------- 

2. I1ACIIlNE.Xerox Sigma 6 and 9. 


Ken Bowles and co-workers, UCSD, have adapted the San Diego DEC LSI-ll implementation to 

run on the Z110g Z-80 running (at 2.5 HHz) about 70% as fast as the LSI-ll. Release is 

expected by the end of 1~77. See the DEC LSI-ll (San Diego) note, above.

POLICY: PASCAL USER'S GROUP (77/09/01) 

(] 

Purposes: 

Pascal User's Group (PUG) tries to promote the use of the programming 

language Pascal as well as the ideas behind Pascal. PUGmembers help 

out by sending information to Pascal News, the most important of which 

is about implementations (out of the necessity to spread the use of 

Pascal). 

The increasing availability of Pascal makes it a viable alternative for 

software production and justifies its further use. Weall strive to 

make using Pascal a respectable activity. 

Membership: Anyone can join PUG: particularly the Pascal user, teacher, maintainer, 

implementor, distributor, or just plain fan. Memberships from libraries 

are also encouraged. 

See the ALL PURPOSE COUPON for details. 

FACTS ABOUT Pascal, 

THE PROGRAMMINGLANGUAGE: 

Pascal is a small, practical, and general purpose (but not all-purpose) 

programming language possessing algorithmic and data structures to aid 

systematic programming. Pascal was intended to be easy to learn and 

read by humans, and efficient to translate by computers. 

Pascal has met these design goals and is being used quite widely and 

successfully for: 

* teaching programming concepts 

* developing reliable "production" software 

* implementing software efficiently on today's machines 

* writing portable software 

Pascal is a leading language in computer science today and is being 

used increasingly in the world's computing industry to save energy and 

resources and increase productivity. 

Pascal implementations exist for more than 62 different computer systems, 

and the number increases every month. The Implementation Notes section 

of Pascal News describes how to obtain them. 

The standard reference and tutorial manual for Pascal is: 

Pascal - User Manual and Report (Second, study edition) 

by Kathleen Jensen and Niklaus Wirth 

Springer-Verlag Publishers: NewYork, Heidelberg, Berlin 

1975, 167 pages, paperback, $5.90. 

Introductory textbooks about Pascal are described in the Here and There 

Books section of Pascal News. 

The programming language Pascal was named after the mathematician and 

religious fanatic Blaise Pascal (1623-1662). Pascal is not an acronym. 

Pascal User's Group is only as good as what we all as members make it. 

~ 

U 

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o 

D. 

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Newsletter #9-#10 - Moorecad.com

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